Rhododendron, kapena Rosewood

Mitundu ya rhododendrons ndi yayikulu komanso yosiyanasiyana. Mulinso zitsamba zobiriwira, zobiriwira nthawi zonse komanso zowola, zitsamba, ndipo nthawi zina mitengo. Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Greek rhododendron - "rosewood." Koma duwa kuchokera ku banja la Rosaceae rhododendron kuchokera ku banja la heather alibe chochita. Amalumikizidwa kokha ndi kukongola kwa maluwa ndi mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu ndi mitundu.

Duwa la Rhododendron. © Forest Wander

Rhododendron (Rhododendron) - mtundu wazomera wa banja la Heather. Mitundu yayikulu yomwe imagwirizanitsa pafupifupi mitundu mazana asanu ndi atatu a mitengo yobiriwira, yopanda zitsamba ndi mitengo yabwino.

Mitundu ya Rhododendron imaphatikizapo azaleas omwe amadziwika kwambiri munyumba yamkati ndi wowonjezera kutentha, omwe amadziwika ndi ena a taxonomists ngati subgenus kapena gawo la mtundu.

Rhododendrons amagawidwa makamaka m'malo otentha a North Hemisphere, omwe ali ndi mitundu yayitali kwambiri yazinyama zomwe zimawonedwa ku South China, Himalayas, Japan, Southeast Asia, ndi North America. Amapezekanso ku Southern Hemisphere - ku New Guinea komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Australia. Zomera zimasiyana kwambiri kukula: Mitundu ina imafikira kutalika kwa 30 m, koma palinso zitsamba zokwawa. Kukula kwa maluwa kumakhala kocheperako mpaka kukhala ndi mainchesi oposa 20 cm.

Ku Russia, pamikhalidwe yachilengedwe, mpaka mitundu 18 imapezeka, makamaka ku Caucasus (mwachitsanzo, chikasu cha Rhododendron), ku Siberia ndi Far East.

Rhododendrons. © mozzercork

Kusankha malo okhala

Mfundo yofunika kwambiri - malo oyenera kubzala chitsamba cha Rhododendron. Rhododendrons amalamula momwe angathere, ndipo ndiosankha posankha kuyatsa, dothi ndi oyandikana - sizovuta nthawi zonse kukhala chitsamba chatsopano.

Malo obzala rhododendrons amayenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo zomwe zikuwomba ndi kuwowera dzuwa, osasunthika ndi madzi komanso ndi asidi munthaka.

Ma Rhododendrons onse amafunikira dzuwa, koma mosiyanasiyana. Mapiri a Alpine amakonda kwambiri dzuwa. Mitundu yambiri yobiriwira nthawi zonse imakonda kumera mopendekera. Ena amapirira pakugwedezeka kwakanthawi, koma ma rhododendrons sangathe kuyima mthunzi wokhazikika - ndiye kuti satulutsa konse kapena kufalikira kwambiri. Pines amaonedwa ngati oyandikana nawo kwa iwo - pansi pawo pamakhala kuwala kokwanira, ndipo mizu yakuya sikusokoneza shrub.

Iyi, njira, ndichinthu chinanso chofunikira kubzala rhododendrons - kuti palibe mitengo yayikulu yokhala ndi mizu yopanda phokoso pafupi ndi dzenjelo. Monga mapulo, linden, alder, msondodzi, makamaka birch - mizu yawo imakhetsa dothi ndikukhetsa nthaka, ndipo ma rhododendrons ndiovuta kupikisana nawo. Kuteteza rhododendron kuchokera pansi povuta kwa oyandikana nawo, dzenjelo ikhoza kudzipatula kuchokera pansi ndikuchokera kumbali ndi chidutswa cholimba cha chosagundika.

Zambiri pazaka zapitazi zikuwonetsa kuti mbewuzi zimamva bwino pafupi ndi dziwe komwe mpweya wake ndi wonyowa. Chifukwa chake, amadzalidwa pafupi ndi dziwe ndi nyanja, mitsinje ndi dziwe. Ngati kulibe madzi pafupi, ma Rhododendrons obiriwira amakhala amathiridwa kamodzi pa sabata asanafike maluwa. Koma maluwa otuwa sawayikiridwa ndi madzi, ndibwino kuthirira tchire pafupipafupi.

Rhododendron © Mwachidziwikire

Zowongolera

Nthawi yabwino kubzala rhododendrons ndi masika. Pakadzala masika, mbewu zimatha kusintha bwino ndikuzika mizu m'malo atsopano. Ndipo mudzakhala ndi mwayi wokometsa maluwa oyamba. Zomera zokhala ndi mizu yotsekeka (mu beseni) zingabzalidwe pambuyo pake.

Pamalo osankhidwa, maenje akufikira amakonzedwa pasadakhale. Dongosolo la mizu ya Rhododendrons ndi laling'ono, kotero, ngakhale kwa mitundu yayitali ndikokwanira kukumba dzenje lakuya masentimita 50 ndi 70-80 cm. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu umatengera kutalika ndi mainchesi a korona wamtchire ndi maere kuyambira 0,7 mpaka 2m. maenje amafunikira: wosanjikiza njerwa wosweka ndi mchenga 15-20 masentimita, ngati dzenjelo ndi lozama, ndiye kuti chosyaniracho chikukula mpaka 30 - 40 cm ndipo mulinso miyala yoyala kapena mwala wosweka (koma osasamala!).

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti m'chilengedwe ma rhododendrons amakula pamtunda wokhala ndi dothi, humus, lotayirira, kampweya komanso madzi. Chifukwa chake, gawo lansanjayo liyenera kukhala loyenerera: chisakanizo cha dothi lamasamba, peat yamahatchi, zinyalala zamitengo ya coniferous (3: 2: 1) ndi kuphatikiza feteleza wokwanira wa mineral: 70 g pa dzenje lirilonse. Mulingo woyenera acidity 4.5 - 5.0.

Asanabzale, muzu wamiyendo ya Rhododendron wochotsedwa mumphika uyenera kuziririka bwino ndi madzi. Ngati yauma, imamizidwa m'madzi ndikudikirira kuchotsedwa kwa kutulutsa ma thovu. Chitsamba chimabzalidwa mu bowo lodzaza ndi gawo lapansi, kuonetsetsa kuti khosi losazika silinakuzike, koma limakhala lalitali ndi 2,5 kuposa mulingo wa nthaka, poganizira kuchuluka kwake. Kuzungulira chitsamba pangani chitsime chapafupi ndi zitsinde zoyambira ndikuthilira madzi ambiri.

Rhododendrons ali ndi mizu yopanda, yolimba (30 mpaka 40 cm), yomwe imamera makamaka mu zinyalala ndi mawonekedwe a humus. Chifukwa chake, kuzungulira tchire zobzalidwa, mulching zinthu zimatsanuliridwa, kusunga chinyezi, kupewa kutenthetsa nthaka ndi udzu kukula, kuteteza mizu pakuwonongeka kwamakina, kuchepetsa kuzizira kwa nthaka. Ngati mulch, makungwa a paini kapena tchipisi tamatoni, zinyalala zam'madzi, peat ndizoyenera kwambiri, pomwe mulch wosanjayo uyenera kukhala wosachepera 5 cm.

Rhododendron © zofalitsa

Kusamalira Rhododendron

Ma Rhododendrons obzalidwa bwino amayambira bwino. Ngati dothi lapansi lidapangidwa moyenera, silifunikira chisamaliro chapadera.

M'nyengo yotentha ndi yowuma komanso miyezi yophukira, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti dothi lomwe lili pansi pa tchire silimatha. Komabe, musatengeke - kuthirira kwambiri kumawavulaza.

Popeza mbewuzi zimakhala m'mapiri nyengo zotentha kwambiri, monga lamulo, zimayankha bwino kupopera chitsamba chonse ndi masamba ndi maluwa. Mwachilengedwe, izi siziyenera kuchitika pansi pa dzuwa lowotcha kapena madzi oundana.

Amathiriridwa bwino ndimvula kapena madzi amtsinje. Madzi ochokera pachitsime chaukadaulo kapena madzi ali ndi mchere wambiri wa calcium ndi magnesium - mwakutero, nthaka idzayamba kusakanikirana ndi saline, ndipo ma rhododendrons ataya kukongoletsa. (Poyamba, palibe chomwe chikuwoneka kuti chikuchitika, koma patatha zaka 2-4, madzi olimba ndi amene adzasokere.)

Kuti dothi lapansi lisakanikirane, madzi othirira ayenera kukhala osakanikirana - koposa zonse ndi sulfuric acid. Ndikosavuta kudziwa kuchuluka kwa asidi - zimatengera kuchuluka kwa kuuma kwa madzi. Njira yosavuta yogwiritsira ntchito pepala la chizbus. Mlozera wa hydrogen (pH) wamadzi uyenera kukhala 3.5-4.5.

Mitengo yofota yomwe imachepetsa kukongoletsa kwa mtengowo iyenera kudulidwa kapena kudulidwedwa mosamala, kusunga masamba a axillary pamasamba kumtunda. Izi zimathandizira kukulira kwakukulu ndi maluwa a rhododendrons chaka chamawa.

Rhododendron

Rhododendrons yozizira

Zima nyengo yachisanu ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri m'moyo wa ma rhododendrons. Maluwa a chaka chamawa amatengera.

Monga lamulo, mitundu yokhazikika yozizira imakhala bwino pakatikati kuposa nthawi zonse. Ma Rhododendrons odziwika ngati Daurian, Japan, chikasu, Canada, Ledebour, Schlippenbach safunikira kuphimbidwa - pokhapokha, ikani gawo lokhazikika la mizu ndi masamba owuma kapena peat.

Chovuta china ndichomwe chimakhala ndi ma Rhododendrons obiriwira. Ngakhale yozizira-Hardy (Caucasian, Katevbinsky) imakhala bwino ndi malo okhala. M'nyengo yozizira, samazizira monga momwe amauma - amafunika kutetezedwa ndi mphepo ndi dzuwa. Chifukwa chaichi, nyumba ndizabwino, kugwetsedwa pansi kuchokera kumatumba ndikuphimbidwa ndi zida zamatenga.

Osachepera nthawi yozizira yotchedwa Rhododendrons sangateteze pobisalira. Adzafunika nyumba zokhala ndi chitho cholimba (polypropylene, foamu ya polyurethane, ndi zina). Zofundira zosalimba (polystyrene) sizoyenera. Pogona iyenera kukhala ndi chimango, apo ayi chipale chofacho chimabweretsa ndikugwetsa chitsamba.

Matalala amatha kuwononga mizu ya rhododendrons, zonse zobiriwira komanso zokhazikika, kotero ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kaye. Kutentha kokhazikika mukakhazikika, mizu yake imakhazikika ndi asidi peat kapena tsamba louma (makamaka thundu) lomwe limakhala ndi osachepera 10-15 cm.

Kodi kutseka ndi liti ndikutsegula tchire?

Palibe chifukwa chothamangira ndi amodzi. Matalala owala (mpaka -10 ° C) siowopsa kwa ma rhododendrons. Koma pogona pokhazikika kwambiri, khosi la mizu limayamba kukhazikika ndipo mbewuyo idzafa. Osayesa kugwira chipale choyamba, chomwe nthawi zina chimagwa mu Okutobala. Mutha kuyang'ana matalala, koma pogona pabwino kwambiri - mkati mwa Novembala.

Sikufunikiranso kutsegulira tchire nthawi yamasika kwambiri. Mulole dzuwa la March lisakuyeseni. M'mwezi wa Marichi, mizu yake imangodalirabe panthaka yozizira ndipo siyingamwe madzi. Mukachotsa pogona pakadali pano, masamba ofunda a ma Rhododendrons osasinthika agwera pansi pamoto wowotcha - ndipo "kuwotcha", kuwuma ndikukhala lakuda. Ndikofunika kuchotsa pobisalira patchire la Rhododendron pomwe dothi latha kusefukira ndikuwotha pang'ono, ndipo nyengo yadzuwa patsiku losankhidwa likhala mitambo.

Rhododendron © Guzani Guy II

Kubwezeretsa kwa Rhododendron

Wofalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi vegetatively (masanjidwe, odulidwa). Mitundu yamtchire imakonda kudalidwa ndi njere, ndipo mitundu yambiri imakonda kuyikidwapo ndi kudulidwa.

Kubzala mbewu kumachitika mchaka m'miphika kapena m'mabokosi, ngati pali mbewu zambiri; njere zazing'onoting'ono zimabzalidwa pamtunda kapena pothira pamchenga woyera, wotsukidwa, wothiriridwa ndi madzi, makamaka ofewa (mvula kapena chipale chofewa). Tepe lamadzi limapangidwira ndikuwonjezera 3-4 g ya oxalic acid pa 10 l yamadzi. Mabokosi ophimbidwa ndi galasi kapena kanema kuti akhalebe chinyezi chambiri. Kuphatikizidwa kwa peat ndi mchenga wotengedwa chimodzimodzi ndikuyenera kukhala gawo lapansi. Asanadzaze mabokosiwo, osakaniza dothi amasankhidwa ndi yankho lamphamvu la potaziyamu permanganate. Kutentha kwanyumba, mbande zimawonekera patatha milungu 3-4, mitundu ina - atatha masiku 18. Masamba oyamba obzala akaonekera, amayenera kusamutsidwa m'chipinda chochepa kwambiri, pafupifupi 8 - 12 ° C. Kenako mbande sizimawonongeka ndi matenda. M'chilimwe, mabokosi okhala ndi mphukira amatha kutulutsidwa m'mundamo ndikuyika m'malo otetezeka, kuyatsidwa mokwanira, koma osagwera dzuwa. Mphukira za Rhododendron ndizochepa kwambiri komanso zowonongeka, ndipo zimayenera kuthiriridwa kudzera mu poto, ndikuzaza ndi madzi mpaka gawo lonse litakwaniritsidwa, pambuyo pake madzi ambiri. Ngakhale kuyanika kumodzi kumayambitsa kufa kwa mbewu zazing'ono, koma simuyenera kukonzekera dambo, lomwe lingachititse kuti mizu iphedwe. Kuti zikule bwino mbande, ziyenera kuwunikiridwa ndi nyali za fluorescent, kuziyika patali kwa masentimita 10-15. Masana masana ayenera kukhala maola 16-18. M'masiku ozizira amdima, ndibwino kuyatsa magetsi m'mawa. Kutola koyamba kwa mbande kumachitika mu June. Amabzala m'mabokosi pamtunda wa masentimita 1.5. Kuti nthawi yozizira, mbande zibwezeretsedwe m'chipinda chofunda ndikusungidwa kutentha osapitirira 18 ° C Mu februamu - Marichi amapanga kachiwiri, ndikuyika mbande pa mtunda wa 3-4 masentimita. Pambuyo masiku 10, kuvala pamwamba kopanda ndi humate kumaperekedwa, ndipo chilimwe - muzu - Kemira-konsekonse, pamlingo wa 2 g pa malita awiri a madzi. Mchaka chachitatu mutabzala, mbande zitha kubzalidwa mu nazale kuti zikule. Pazaka 3 - 4 zokha za moyo, ma rhododendrons okhwima kuchokera ku mbewu (Daurian, Canada, Japan ndi ena) amalowa m'maluwa woyamba, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala wofooka ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa maluwa oyamba mwachangu kuti chomera chikhalebe cholimba kwa nthawi yayitali komanso yayitali maluwa m'zaka zotsatira.

Zomera zochokera ku mizu yokhazikika zimatha kutulutsa chaka chotsatira. Gawo lodzaza mizu: peat ndi mchenga (1: 1), kapena utuchi ndi mchenga (3: 1), kapena chisakanizo cha peat, perlite, mchenga (2: 2: 1). Pochita zodula, kudula theka-lignified rhododendron ntchito. Amadulidwa mu theka lachiwiri la Juni, kutalika kwa phesi ndi 5-8 cm, ndipo odulidwa pang'ono amapangidwa pansipa. Masamba apansi pachikopa amachotsedwa, ndipo chapamwamba 2-3 chimasiyidwa kwathunthu. Wodula amathandizidwa ndi zopukusa za kukula: indolylbutyric, indolylacetic, presinic acid mu ndende ya 0.02% ndikuwakhazikika kwa maola 12-16, chifukwa chosavuta kuchotsa mitundu, ndende ndi 2-4%. Kenako zodulidwazo zimamizidwa mu gawo lapansi mosazungulira 30 °, ndikukanikizidwa, kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ndikuphimba bokosilo ndi galasi kapena filimu. Mizu yodula bwino pamtunda wa 24 - 26 ° C, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya ndi 2 madigiri. Choyambirira ndichofunikira chinyezi komanso dothi komanso malo ozungulira. Kuthira kudula (60 W kwa maola 4-5 patsiku) kumathandizira njira yozizira. Rhododendrons wodziwika amakhala mizu 1.5, wobiriwira nthawi zonse m'miyezi 3-4. Zotsatira zake zimatengera mitundu ndi mitundu. Mu Rhododendron, mizu ya Daurian imapangika patatha masiku 50. Kukula kwa mizu ndi 85%. Kukula kozika mizu kumachitika mumbale zodzadza ndi asidi peat (magawo awiri) ndi singano za paini (kapena makungwa a pine owola) - 1 gawo. Kuvala kwapamwamba masabata awiri mutasinthira ndikutsala ndi 2% urea. Muli ndi mbeu pa kutentha kwa 8 - 12 ° C. Chapakatikati amabzalidwa m'mabedi kuti azikula kapena kupitilizabe kusunga mpaka zaka zina 1-2 mpaka atabzala m'malo osatha m'mundamo.

Rhododendron © di osaka

Ntchito zokongoletsera

Ma rhododendrons ochititsa chidwi kwambiri amawoneka ngati magulu omasuka. Tikufika ndikofunika kusunthira m'mbali mwa kapinga, pafupi ndi njira ndi njira. Popeza ma Rhododendrons ndi mbewu zomwe zimakonda chinyontho, ndibwino kuwabzala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi: dziwe, dziwe, akasupe, pomwe nthawi yotentha chifukwa cha chinyezi chambiri komanso kutentha kwakachepa, mikhalidwe ndiyabwino kwambiri. Pakhale mbewu zosachepera 3, ndipo 1 sq.m izigawika chilichonse. Pokhapokha ngati pali zitsanzo za akuluakulu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yokhazikika ya achichepere ndikuyembekeza kuti adzakhala ochepa akamakula.

Mukamayambitsa timagulu, sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisakanikize ma rhododendrons osakhazikika. Ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana ibzalidwe pafupi, ndiye kuti iyenera kusankhidwa kutalika: pakati - chapamwamba kwambiri, m'mphepete - m'munsi. Rhododendrons amakongoletsa kwambiri pafupi ndi conifers: spruce, pine, thuja, yew mtengo. Poyerekeza zakuda zakuda, mbewu zokhala ndi mitundu yowoneka bwino ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri. Mitengo yobiriwira nthawi zonse komanso zitsamba zobzalidwa kumwera, kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo zimateteza ma rhododendrons ku mphepo yozizira, kuyanika kwa dzinja ndi kuwotcha kwa dzuwa. Popeza kuwala kwa penumbra ndikofunikira pakukula komanso kukula kwa rhododendrons, zibzalidwe bwino pakati pamitengo yayitali, yakale kapena kumpoto kwa nyumba. Gawo lakumwera silikulimbikitsidwa kuti mubzale, makamaka kwa mitundu yobiriwira. Potere, mbewu zimayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matenda, masamba ake amasintha chikasu, kukula ndikuyenda maluwa kufooka.

Poika ma genododendrons m'magulu, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti akuphatikizidwa ndi mitundu ndi mitundu yomwe imagwirizana mu mtundu wa maluwa. Malo okongoletsera kwambiri azomera okhala ndi utoto wofiirira, wa pinki ndi woyera kapena utoto wosiyanasiyana. Ma Rhododendrons okhala ndi mitundu yachikaso ndi lalanje yamaluwa amawoneka abwino modabwitsa. Nyimbo zofewa zachikaso zowoneka bwino.

Rhododendrons ndi okongola osati m'magulu okha, komanso m'mabzala a tapeworm.Zili zabwino kwambiri pa udzu wapansi, koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kukongoletsa kumakhala kwakukulu ngati mugwiritsa ntchito munthu wamkulu (osakwanitsa zaka 10), makamaka chomera chotalika (1.5-2.0 m), apo ayi "chitayika" pa udzu. Rhododendrons amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga hedges ndi miyala yosalala. M'minda yamwala, yaying'ono yamaluwa yaying'ono yomwe imamera pang'ono kuphatikiza mitundu yazipatso zamitengo ya herbaceous ndiyabwino kwambiri. M'mabzala oterowo, ma Rhododendrons ayenera kubzala m'magulu okha, omwe nthawi ya maluwa amapereka kwambiri.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Rhododendron cholakwika - Imodzi mwa tizirombo todziwika bwino ta Rhododendron. Tizilombo kutalika 3.6 mm. Amasiya masamba ang'onoang'ono osweka pamasamba. Pansanja, kachilomboka kamaikira mazira a bulauni omwe nthawi yozizira limakhala ndi masamba. Mbadwo watsopano umawonekera m'chilimwe.

Njira zoyendetsera: kupopera ndi diazinon.

Mealybug - kachilombo kakang'ono tating'onoting'ono 2-4 mm kukula kwake. Amuna ndi akazi ndi osiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake. Akazi alibe zingwe komanso osayenda. Amphongo okhala ndi mapiko amodzi, oyenda. Tizilombo timeneti timapereka mibadwo 2-5 pachaka. Imakhazikika pamitsempha yamasamba, masamba yaying'ono ndi mphukira zazing'ono za rhododendron, kukwera muming'alu ya makungwa ndi masamba, kuyamwa madzi a m'manja. Ndi kubereka kwambiri, kumapangitsa kuti masamba azitha komanso kufa kwa masamba.

Njira zoyendetsera: kuthira malathion katatu pachaka.

Wachotsa weevil, kapena bevel wodwala - Tizilombo ta kachikulire, kutalika kwa 8-10 cm, kuda (anthu achikasu otuwa), okhala ndi mapiko achikasu kumapiko okhala ndi zikopa komanso mphuno yayifupi. Akuluakulu sagwira ntchito, koma akuwuluka. Amadyanso m'mphepete mwa masamba, nthawi zina amadya masamba, masamba ndi maluwa, kudziluma pakhungwa. Mphutsi za 1-1.4 cm, popanda miyendo, mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi mphutsi za Meyi. Amadya khungubwi pakhosi ndi mizu yomwe, ndikufikitsa mbewu yake kuimfa. Weevil amayikira mazira nthawi yonse yotentha. Mphutsi zimakhala ndipo nthawi yozizira m'nthaka, ndi mawonekedwe a pupae masika. Nthochi zimapezeka mu Meyi-June.

Njira zoyendetsera: mbewu zimamwetsedwa ndi 0-0-0.3% emulsion wa malathion. Usiku, munthawi ya ntchito ya achikulire, amapaka mungu ndi 0,3% ya malathion emulsion. Mu Juni-Ogasiti, 0,1-0.15% yankho la bazudine limafukusidwa kuti lilowe pansi kapena dothi la mulch. Zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwa mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi diazinon ndi furadan.

Spider mite - tizilombo tating'onoting'ono mpaka 0,5 mm, utoto, utoto kapena utoto. Akuluakulu okhala ndi miyendo 8, akuyenda kwambiri. Imawoneka pansi pa pepalalo, ndikuphimba ndi ukonde wocheperako mbali zonse. Amadya msuzi wamasamba, omwe amakhala bulauni ndikugwa.

Njira zoyendetsera: kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi agravertine, diazinon.

Khrushchik asian munda - polyphage yotakata. Zimavulaza mbewu kwambiri, zimadya mabowo osakhwima m'masamba achichepere, nthawi zambiri zimakhudza tsamba lonse, kusiya masamba ake okha. Mphutsi zimawononga mizu ndi zimayambira za Rhododendron.

Njira zoyendetsera: kupopera ndi diazinon.

Slime yolima - imawononga masamba ambiri a achinyamata, kukukuta potseguka. Amadyapo makamaka usiku kapena mitambo. Ndizowopsa chifukwa nthawi yochepa imatha kuwononga mbewu zazing'ono.

Njira zoyendetsera: kuthirira ndi 0,8% yankho la TMTD, kusonkhanitsa akuluakulu.

Kuponya kwakuda - Imakhala chomera chobiriwira, koma chapezeka posachedwa. Akuluakulu ndi ochepa (1-1.5 mm), akuda. Mabuu ndi achikaso, ang'ono kuposa tizilombo akuluakulu. Tizilombo timadyera masamba, timatulutsa timabowo tachikuda kumtunda kwa pepalalo, ndi mabowo akuda kumbuyo kwake. Masamba amasintha imvi, amatembenukira chikasu ndikugwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kupindika kumayambitsa kuyipa kwamaluwa ndi chotupa cholimba pakukula kwa mphukira.

Njira zoyendetsera: kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi 0,2-0.3% nikotini yankho kapena 0,5% ya malathion emulsion.

Wogwira ntchito ngati njenjete. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timadutsa pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, timadyanso tsamba lomwe limasungunuka, ndikuyika mbali yake, ndikupotoza m'mbali mwa pepalalo kukhala chubu cha ana. Masamba owonongeka, owuma ndi kugwa.

Njira zoyendetsera: mbewu zimapopera kapena kufinya ndi sulufule.

Chlorosis yosakanizidwa. Masamba achikasu amawoneka kumapeto ndi m'mphepete mwa masamba. Amatha kuuka chifukwa chosowa michere (nayitrogeni, potaziyamu), yomwe imasambitsidwa mosavuta panthaka nthawi yothirira. Chifukwa china chingakhale kusuntha kwamadzi pamizu. Nthawi zambiri, chlorosis imawoneka bwino m'mbali yachiwiri ya Julayi kapena August, masamba akamakula. Malo owala achikasu ndi achikasu kwambiri pakati pa mitsempha ya masamba kumachitika pakakhala kusowa kwachitsulo kapena ma magnesium m'nthaka, komanso ngati mizu yake itapangidwa, kapena ngati nthaka idasinthidwa kupita kumbali yamchere. Nthawi zina amayamba chifukwa chosowa calcium (mu Caroline rhododendron).

Njira zoyendetsera: Mavalidwe apamwamba ophatikizidwa ndi ferrous sulfate (7.5 g / l), magnesium sulfate (6.5 g / l).

Zotsatira za kusowa kwa michere m'nthaka ndi mawanga ofiira m'mphepete, kuchuluka kwa masamba mu chubu, kuyanika kunja kwa nthambi. Ndi njala ya nayitrogeni, masamba a Rhododendron amakhala ochepa, kukula kumakhala kochepa, maluwa amakhala ofooka, muzomera zobiriwira nthawi zonse, masamba akumalizira amapitilira zaka 2 zokha, osati zaka 3-5, monga mwachilengedwe kapena chisamaliro chazomera pazikhalidwe.

Njira zoyendetsera: kuvala pamwamba ndi ammonium sulfate kapena nitrate, kapena potaziyamu nitrate.

Necrosis - kufa kwa mtsempha waukulu wa tsamba, pomwe mbali yakumapeto kwa tsamba kumatembenuka. Zitha kuchititsa kuti mpweya komanso kutentha kwapansipansi kusiyanitse (makamaka munthawi yozizira komanso yolimba ya rhododendron).

Mkhalidwe wa mbewu ukhoza kukhudzidwa ndi mphepo yamkuntho, chilala, mchere wambiri m'nthaka, kusayenda bwino kwa gawo lapansi, kuwonongeka kwa mizu, kusowa kapena, m'malo mwake, michere yambiri m'nthaka. M'njira zonsezi, ndikofunikira kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa ndikuchotsa.