Mu kasupe, monga lamulo, onse olima ndi osamalira maluwa amakhala ndi nyengo yotentha. Mwa zovuta zina, amayamba kukonzekera ndi kubzala maluwa osiyanasiyana poyera. Chiwerengerochi chimaphatikizapo maluwa okongola monga gladiolus.
Monga maluwa ena ambiri m'munda, gladioli amafunikira chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro choyenera. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kubzala mbewu moyenera mu kasupe ndikuisamalira bwino. Mukabzala, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti maluwa awa ndi ovuta kwambiri komanso osapindulitsa, koma chifukwa cha maluwa awo abwino mutha kuyesa pang'ono.
Kukonzekera koyamba
Monga lamulo, gladioli imayamba kukonzekera kubzala pafupi masiku 15-20 isanabzalidwe panthaka. April ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri. Mu nthawi yamasika, nthaka imawuma bwino komanso mwachangu, komanso kuwuma pang'ono. Ndipo kutentha kunja kumasintha pang'onopang'ono.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchotse mankhusu kuchokera ku mababu a mbewu zamtunduwu musanachitike. Izi zikuthandizira kumera kwa ana. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mu anyezi okhomedwa, zophukira zimawonekera koyambirira kwa masiku angapo. Ndipo poyeretsa, mutha kuwunika thanzi la mababu. Ngati mwazindikira mwadzidzidzi matendawa, afunika kuthandizidwa. Kuti muchite izi, mufunika antiseptic ndi mpeni wakuthwa bwino. Komabe, ndikosatheka kudzala mababu omwe ali ndi matendawa poyera nthawi yomweyo. Amanama pafupifupi masiku 7, ndipo nthawi imeneyi azichiritsa ndikuwuma bwino mabala ndi kuvulala konse.
Mutha kuyika ma tubers okonzekera bwino ndikuwotha kwambiri (22-27 degrees) sill windows.
Pambuyo pa milungu 4, ma tubercles amapezeka pamababu oterowo. Nthawi yomweyo musanadzalemo gladioli m'nthaka, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi yankho la mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Alimi okhwima amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amtunduwu pazinthu izi, zomwe zimangowonjezera manganese. Njira yotereyi iyenera kukhala ndi utoto wotuwa.
Tsegulani ndikugulitsa
Maluwa oterowo amalimbikitsidwa kuti abzalidwe poyera pamasabata oyamba a Meyi. Komabe, aliyense ayenera kuganizira za nyengo za madera omwe kubzala kumachitika. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, m'malo omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yotentha, kufikira kumachitika bwino mu theka loyambirira la Meyi.
Asanayambe kubzala mwachindunji mbewu zokongola izi, ayenera kupeza malo abwino. Monga tanena kale, maluwa amenewa ndi osasangalatsa, chifukwa chake, momwe amakulira, zimatengera momwe gladioli amakulira. Malo abwino kwa izi amawawonedwa kuti ndi omwe amayatsidwa bwino komanso otetezedwa bwino ndi mphepo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti gladioli imakula bwino mu chernozem, kapena, osakaniza loam ndi sandam loam. Pankhaniyi, acidity iyenera kukhala yopanda mbali kapena yofooka.
Musanadzalemo gladioli, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichotse nthaka panthaka. Chifukwa chake, mutha kuchotsa dothi lonyowa kwambiri. Ndikofunika kukonzekera malo oti mubzale mbewuzi mu nthawi yamvula. Kuti achite izi, amakumba bwino nthaka ndikupanga feteleza ofunikira. Izi zithandizira kusamalira kwambiri gladioli.
Kukula komwe mababu adzabzalidwe panthaka kumakhudzidwa ndi kukula kwake. Mwachitsanzo:
- Kuzama kwa kubzala babu, kukhala ndi mainchesi opitilira masentimita awiri, kuyenera kufanana ndi mainchesi 5 mpaka 10.
- Ma Tubers okhala ndi kukula kwake (ma sentimita atatu mulifupi) amawabzala mpaka mainchesi 4 mpaka 7.
- Mababu ang'onoang'ono (mainchesi 1 sentimita) amafunika kuyikidwa mu nthaka masentimita 3-5 okha.
Mukamatera, gladioli iyenera kuyikidwa kutali ndi bwenzi. Chifukwa chake, kwa mitunduyi tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kama womwe uli wa mita 1 mulifupi ndi kutalika kofanana.
Mababu akulu akulu odziwika bwino omwe amalima amalangizidwa kuti abzale kwakutali kwa masentimita 15 mpaka 20 kuchokera pa inzake. Pafupifupi mawonekedwe omwewo ayenera kukhala pakati pa mizere. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timaloledwa kuyikidwa pafupi.
Kusamalira mmera moyenerera
Zomera monga gladioli zimawoneka bwino kwambiri. Masamba awo ataliatali amafanana ndi malupanga, ndipo kuchokera ku maluwa achikuda, akulu ndi owala omwe amatengedwa mu inflorescence, ndizosatheka kungochotsa maso anu. Komabe, kuti chomera chikule ndikukula moyenera, ndikofunikira kuphunzira momwe ungayisamalire.
Chifukwa chake, gladiolus ayenera choyamba kuphunzira momwe angatungire madzi moyenera. Chapakatikati, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala koyenera komanso kofunikira. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nthaka ili ndi chinyezi chambiri. Pakapangidwa ma peduncle, kapena, pakakhala masamba atatu kapena anayi odzaza, kuthilira kuyenera kukhala kochulukirapo, mwachitsanzo, mwa 1 mita2 ayenera kusiya pafupifupi malita 10-15. madzi. Zimafunikira kuthirira gladiolus mokwanira panthawi yamaluwa, ndipo nthawi iliyonse chomera chikadzamwetsa madzi, timalimbikitsidwa kumasula dothi pang'ono, ndipo mutha kuyambiranso kakang'ono.
Komanso musaiwale za kudyetsa kwake kwa zomera. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuthira feteleza mwezi umodzi mutabzala, kenako masabata 6-8. Ma feteleza a nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvala pamwamba. Pa 1 m2 nthaka muyenera 25-30 magalamu feteleza. M'malo momwe dziko lapansi limakhala ndi nayitrogeni yambiri, kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumachepetsedwa ndi 2 times. Pakapangidwa masamba, gladioluses amafunika kudyetsedwanso. Kumbukirani kuti musanalowetse nthaka m'nthaka, iyenera kuthiriridwa.
Alimi a maluwa odziwa bwino amalimbikitsanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawo ndi yankho la michere ya micronutrient. Ndikofunika kusankha yankho la boric acid ndi potaziyamu permanganate munjira imeneyi.
Komanso mwadongosolo ndikofunikira kuchita udzu ndi kulimitsa nthaka. Danga la peat kapena humus lofanana ndi masentimita 3-5 okha limatha kusunga chinyontho m'nthaka, ndikupatsanso mpweya wabwino. Amathanso kuletsa kukula kwa udzu.
Mawonekedwe akusamalira gladioli wamkulu
Palibe chovuta posamalira mbewu zokulira. Muyenera kungoyang'anira momwe gladioli, komanso dothi. Chachikulu ndikuthirira madzi mu nthawi ndikuwongolera nthaka.
Maluwa atakula, ayenera kumangidwa. Kwa izi, zikhomo wamba ndizoyenera. Koma mutha kuchita popanda njirayi. Kuti muchite izi, gladioli imatalikirana masentimita 10 kuti iwapatse kukhazikika.
Muyenera kudula maluwa mosamala. Chifukwa chake, onetsetsani kuti masamba ochepa sanadulidwe. Izi ndizofunikira kuti bulb iyambenso. Monga lamulo, zidzakhala zokwanira kusiya masamba 4 kapena 5.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti maluwa amatenga matenda ambiri, komanso tizilombo tambiri taonongera timakhala. Chifukwa chake, kusamalira gladioli kuyenera kukhala kwabwino. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi yakulima mbewuyi kangapo ndi njira zapadera zopewera.
Monga mukuwonera, ndizosavuta kukula maluwa owoneka bwino kwambiri ngati gladiolus. Zomwe zimafunika ndikuonetsetsa chisamaliro chokwanira ndikudyetsa mbewu yake panthawi.
