Chiyambi choyambira (Chiyambiyambi vulgare), kapena monga amatchedwa ku Europe - oregano, ndi wachibale wa ife tonse odziwika bwino timbewu tonunkhira, mandimu, sage, basil ndi zitsamba zina. Oregano ali ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso zopatsa thanzi komanso zopatsa thanzi. Monga chikhalidwe cha zokometsera, oregano akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kale mu zakudya za anthu ku Europe ndi Mediterranean. Oregano pafupifupi zonunkhira zofunika kwambiri popanga pitsa wabwino ku Italy ndi saladi wachi Greek. Chomera chili ndi gwero labwino la ma antioxidants, muli ascorbic acid, mafuta ofunikira komanso ma tannins. Popeza izi, oregano amalimidwa padziko lonse lapansi.
Choyambirira, kapena Oregano (choyambirira)Mwachilengedwe chake, oregano ndi mbewu ya herbaceous yomwe imamera kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Europe makamaka ku Mediterranean. M'dziko lathu, malo omwe mumakonda kwambiri a oregano ndi m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, lotseguka dzuwa ndi mawonekedwe amphepo, komanso masamba owuma komanso otambalala.
Oregano amadziwika bwino ndi anthu ngati chikhalidwe chosatha, zonunkhira komanso mankhwala azitsamba, omwe nthawi zambiri sawagwiritsa ntchito pophika chakudya, omwe tanena kale, komanso mu malo ojambulira maluwa okongoletsa komanso ngakhale mankhwala azikhalidwe. Oregano alinso ndi mayina ena, mwachitsanzo, m'dziko lathu amalitcha kuti mama. Chifukwa cha ntchito yoberekera oregano, mitundu yambiri idapangidwa, pali 16 mwa iwo ku State Register ya Russia, ndipo palinso zinthu zambiri zatsopano zomwe zidapangidwa zaka zingapo zapitazo, izi ndi zokula: Gulu labwino, chisanu, uchi wokoma ndi Ogranza.
Kufotokozera kwa oregano
Oregano ali ndi tsinde lolunjika bwino lomwe lili ndi nkhope zinayi komanso lakuthwa. Muzu wa oregano ndi wokwawa, ndipo masamba ake amakhala ndi mawonekedwe obisika ndipo amatha ndi m'mphepete. Masamba ndi obiriwira amtundu wakuda kumtunda wapamwamba ndi siliva pang'ono pamunsi. Kukula kwakulu kwambiri kwa mtengowu kungafanane ndi mita imodzi, koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala zitsanzo komanso kutalika kwa theka la mita mpaka 0.7 mita. Oregano limamasula mkati mwa chilimwe. Pakadali pano, mutha kusangalala ndi tating'ono-tating'ono tokhala ndi lilac komanso kakonzedwe ka inflorescence, m'maluwa a panicle-panicles maluwa pomwe mbewu zimayamba kupsa nthawi zambiri mchaka chachitatu cha August.
Ubwino wosakayikira wa mbewu iyi ndi fungo labwino kwambiri komanso labwino kwambiri lomwe limachokera ku maluwa ake. Oregano oregano, poganizira zonse zomwe zimafotokozedwa, nthawi zambiri amalimidwa kuti apange mafuta ofunikira kapena okulirapo, wokhala m'malo akulu, ngati chomera cha uchi.
Oregano ndi waudzu wobzala mbewu ndipo, mutakula m'malo osiyanasiyana ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana, imatha kusiyanasiyana. Nthawi yomweyo, oregano amakhala osasinthika ndi phesi lakuthwa, lomwe limatuluka ndi gawo lapamwamba la soya, ndipo mphukira, nthawi zonse imatha kukhala maluwa omwe amatungidwa maambulera. Mitundu ya maluwa ikhoza kukhala yosiyana: mutha kuwona maluwa oyera-oyera, pinki, lilac, omwe pamodzi ndi inflorescence amatha kutalika pafupifupi mita imodzi. Oregano nthawi zambiri amatulutsa mchaka chachiwiri mutabzala pamalowo.
Chisamba cha Oregano nthawi yamaluwa.
Kodi kukula oregano?
Njira yosavuta yopezera oregano panokha ndikukukula mwa kubzala mbewu m'nthaka. Komabe, oregano nthawi zambiri amabzala ndi mbande, ndiye kuti pamakhala kuthekera kwakukulu kuti mbande zamera kale chaka chino.
Sankhani malo a oregano
Pokonzekera dothi, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti oregano ndi chomera chomwe chimakonda madera otseguka bwino ndi nthaka yopanda miyala yopanda ma microdroplets, osakhala chinyezi kwanthawi yayitali (zilibe kanthu - kusungunuka kapena kugwa mvula). Mukabzala oregano pamalopo, musaiwale kuti chomera ichi sichitha zaka zingapo ndipo sichingafunike kufalikira.
Dothi lodzala oregano, kuwonjezera pa kukhala kwamaso ndi chinyezi chochepa, liyenera kukhala lachonde chonde. Kuti izi zitheke, makilogalamu 6.7 a manyowa ozungulira kapena humus, magalamu a 250-300 phulusa ndi supuni ya nitroammophoska akuyenera kuwonjezeredwa pa mita imodzi ya nthaka. Ngati mukukonzekera kubzala kwa masika kwa oregano, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kuthira manyowa m'nthaka, izi zikhala bwino. Mukamakumba dothi ndikugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, onetsetsani kuti mukuwonongeranso namsongole m'nthaka, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchotsa mizu ya tirigu.
Chapakatikati, tisakakonzanso dothi, lomwe layamba kale kubzala oregano, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera 2-5 makilogalamu a humus kapena manyowa ovunda bwino komanso supuni zingapo za nitroammophos.
Nthaka iyenera kuikidwanso kuti ikhale yopanda mipata. Izi zichitike polingalira kuti kubzala mitengo ya oregano, monga lamulo, ndi yaying'ono kwambiri ndipo mbande zimamera kwambiri panthaka ndikukula kwakukulu. Nthaka ikakumba, imakhalabe yopanga m'nthaka ndikuthirira madzi osungunuka kapena madzi amvula, koma nthawi zonse kutentha.
Asanafesere, mbewu za oregano ziyenera kusakanikirana ndi mchenga wamtsinje wofanana ndikufesedwa m'makola omwe adakonzedwa kale, ophatikizidwa mwakuya kwa sentimita imodzi. Mchenga wamtsinje ndi wofunikira kuti mbewu zikagawanenso pabedi. Pambuyo muyenera kuwaza mbewu ndi dothi ndi mulch pamwamba ndi humus. Njirayi ndi yosavuta, koma imathandizira kuti mpweya ubvundike kuchokera panthaka, ndikupanga mawonekedwe abwino mkati mwa dothi.
Gawo lotsatira lofesa mbewu za oregano liyenera kuchitika ndikubwerera kuchokera masentimita oyambira 23-26. Pakatha masiku pafupifupi 20, ndipo nthawi zina kuposerapo, mphukira zimatuluka. Mbewu zikangopanga masamba awiri enieni, zibzalidwe m'malo atsopano. Mukamatola mbande pakati pawo, ndikofunikira kusiya mtunda wa 18 mpaka 19 cm. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono kameneka kamene timakhala ndikutheka titha kubzala m'malo opanda pake a tsambalo.
Mutabzala, mbande za marjoram zimayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi ndi nthawi, kuwongolera maudzu, ndipo kutentha kumapangira iwo mthunzi wocheperako. Pafupifupi miyezi iwiri mutabzala mbewu ndikuyamba kulandira mbande zoyambirira, izi zidzakhala kale zodzala zokha.
Choyambirira, kapena Oregano (choyambirira)Kukula mbande za oregano
Njira yodzala mbande za oregano ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri, koma imagwiranso ntchito kwambiri. Kukonzekera njira yodzala mmunda kumayamba mchaka chachiwiri cha Epulo, pomwe dothi likukonzekera. Nthaka ya mbande imatha kukhala ndi magawo ofanana ndi mchenga wam'mphepete, dothi wamba la manyunda Pansi pa chidebe, kuonetsetsa kuti mulibe mabowo okumbamo, muyenera kuyikamo madzi okwanira masentimita angapo, ndikuthira dothi lokonzekereratu.
Asanafesere, mbewu za oregano ziyenera kunyowa kwa tsiku mu nsalu yonyowa, kenako ndikuyika dothi losakaniza. Pakuyandikira kuya ndi chimodzimodzi - pafupifupi sentimita. Mutabzala oregano, chotengera chiyenera kuphimbidwa ndi chivundikiro cha pulasitiki chomwe chili ndi mipata yoyatsira mpweya wabwino, ndikuyika chidebe m'chipinda chilichonse chomwe chiri ndi kuwala kokwanira, koma matayala mwachindunji samagwera. Poterepa, chipindacho chiyenera kusunthidwa ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 19-21 pamtunda wa ziro, ndipo dothi limakhala lonyowa pang'ono ndipo nthawi zina mpweya wabwino mchipindamo.
Mitengoyi ikangopanga masamba enieni, ndikofunikira kuwatenga, kutanthauza kuti mbande za oregano zibzalidwe m'miphika yosiyana.
Asanabzike pamalo otseguka, mbande za oregano zimafunikira kuumitsidwa kwa masiku angapo, zomwe zimachepetsa kutentha, ndikubweretsa msewu wabwinobwino, usana ndi usiku.
Mbande za Oregano zibzalidwe pamalo otsetsereka mukakhazikika kutentha kwabwino. Muyenera kungochotsa mbande mosamala makapu ndikuyika mu dothi, kuyesera kuti musawononge mtanda wa dothi. Pambuyo pake, dothi lozungulira chomera liyenera kuphatikizidwa bwino ndikunyowa ndi humus, wosanjikiza masentimita angapo, izi zimasunga chinyontho ndikuchitchinjiriza kuti chisatenthe.
Nyengo yotsatira, chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro choyenera, payenera kukhala maluwa. Pafupifupi sabata isanachitike, ndikofunikira kudyetsa mbewuzo ndi nitroammophos. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuchepetsa supuni ya nitroammophoski theka la ndowa, izi ndizokwanira kwa mbewu 12-15.
Kufalitsa kwa Oregano pogawa chitsamba
Oregano amabereka bwino pogawa chitsamba, nthawi zambiri gawoli limayamba pomwe chitsamba chafika zaka zitatu kapena zisanu. Kugawikaku kumachitika mchaka, chifukwa chomerachi chimakumbidwa ndikugawika magawo kuti aliyense azikhala ndi masamba awiri abwino. Zigawo zogawika zibzalidwe m'mabowo, ndipo patatha milungu ingapo, kuzika kwawo kuyamba. Kuti magawo agawike mizu bwino, amafunika kuthirira okwanira komanso kumasula nthawi ndi nthawi dothi.
Kufalitsa kwa Oregano podulidwa ndi magawo
Kuti mufalitse marjoram ndi kudula kobiriwira, ndikofunikira kudula mphukira koyambirira kwa Julayi ndikuwadula kudula 12-14 cm, ndikusiya masamba ochepa okha korona. Ndikofunika kuzika mizu munthaka yopanda zakudya komanso yolimba yotsekedwa ndi filimu, nditayikidwa m'manda pafupifupi theka, kuthilira pafupipafupi komanso bwino, pafupifupi 4-5 pa tsiku. Zikatero, mpaka 100% ya oregano odulidwa amatha kuzika mizu.
Yokhazikitsidwa bwino komanso njira yofalitsira zigawo za oregano. Kuti muchite izi, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mphukira yolunjika kwambiri iyenera kutsitsidwa m'mabedi osanja opangika ndikuwazidwa pang'ono ndi dothi, kusiya korona umodzi pamwamba. M'tsogolomu, muyenera kulimbana ndi namsongole, nyowetsani malowo, kenako mphukira yotsatira ikayamba kukulira, ndikofunika kukumba panthaka ndikulekanitsidwa ndi chomera cha mayi, mukamadzala mbande zodzala zokha.
Mbande za oregano.
Chisamaliro cha Oregano
Koma ngakhale momwe mbande imalandiridwira, chisamaliro chake chimakhala chofanana nthawi zonse ndipo sichimasiyana m'njira zingapo. Tengani kuthirira, mwachitsanzo: ziyenera kukhala zochulukirapo, musalole zonse kusowa chinyezi komanso kuchuluka kwake. Nyengo ziwiri zoyambirira mutabzala mbewu pamalowo, ndikofunikira kuchotsa udzu ndi kumasula dothi, kupewa mapangidwe dothi. Pakatha nyengo zitatu, mbewu zikakula bwino, udzu umatha kuchotsedwa kwathunthu ndikungodulira pang'ono udzu womera.
Tinaona kuti oregano m'malo amodzi imatha kumera kwazaka zambiri, komabe, kuti mupangitsenso mbewuyo, ndikofunikira kuti ipangitsenso tsambalo zaka zisanu zilizonse kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Ngati oregano sanakulidwe ngati chomera chokongoletsera, koma amadulidwa chaka chilichonse ndikuwuma (kapena kupeza mafuta m'tsogolo), mutatha kutchetcha kulikonse, ndikofunikira kudyetsa mbewuzo ndi kulowetsedwa kwa manyowa a nkhuku, kuchepetsedwa nthawi 15 ndi madzi, chifukwa chaichi mungathe gwiritsani ntchito mullein, koma ndizovomerezeka kuyipaka maulendo 10 (pamtunda wa lita imodzi pa mita lalikulu).
Ndizololedwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamagalimoto aliwonse, monga nitroammophoski mu 15-20 g pa mita imodzi ya nthaka ndipo makamaka mwanjira yosungunuka. Ngati mukukulitsa udzu onunkhirawu patsamba lanu lokha, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kuchita popanda kuthira feteleza, pokhapokha udzakula mwakukula mwakuthupi.
Kudula ndi Kusunga kwa Oregano
Mphukira za oregano zitakula pafupifupi mita, mutha kuyamba kuzidula. Njira yabwino kwambiri yodulira ndi nthawi yomwe mbewu zimaphuka komanso kununkhira kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika nthawi ya Julayi mpaka Seputembara.
Kudula kumachitika bwino kwambiri kutalika kwa theka la mita. Pambuyo pake, zigawo zomwe zidadulidwa zimayenera kulumikizidwa, ndipo kale mu mawonekedwe awa zimatha kuzimitsidwa. Zikuwoneka kuti udzu wouma wa oregano umanunkhira wamphamvu kwambiri. Kuti udzu ugoneke nthawi yayitali osataya mawonekedwe ake, uyenera kusungidwa m'malo otetezedwa ku dzuwa, onetsetsani kuti masamba onse azikhala ndi masamba.
Nthawi zambiri, zophukira zouma za oregano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira chaka chimodzi ndi theka mpaka zaka zitatu, zonse zimatengera chipindacho - chouma chomwe chili, sprigs nthawi zambiri amasungidwa nthawi yayitali komanso mosiyanasiyana.
Choyambirira, kapena Oregano (choyambirira)Kugwiritsa ntchito oregano
Oregano ndi njira yabwino ngati zokometsera zosiyanasiyana, komabe, chifukwa cha kukoma kwake ndi kununkhira kwake, muyenera kuwonjezera pang'ono, sikufanana ndi zomwe aliyense amakonda. Ponena za kukoma: kukoma kwa oregano kukonkha kumawawa pang'ono, ngakhale kuyaka pang'ono. Oregano amangopita ndi tsabola wakuda, basil, marjoram. Oregano amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira mbale zochuluka: apa pali nyama ya mwanawankhosa ndi mwanawankhosa, nyama yamwana wankhumba ndi nkhumba. Mutha kuphika mbale zonsezi mu uvuni komanso pa grill, kukoma kwake sikungawonongeke.
Oregano ndioyeneranso mitundu yambiri ya masaladi ndi soseji, makamaka kwa otchuka pafupifupi dziko lonse la msuzi wa phwetekere.
Kuphatikiza apo, oregano ali ndi mankhwala angapo, mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozizira, tonsillitis, ngati diaphoretic, expectorant, komanso mawonekedwe a tiyi.
Pali umboni kuti oregano amathandiza ndi matenda a periodontal ndi stomatitis, kusowa tulo, komanso ndimutu.
Oregano amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupewa matenda a matumbo, gastritis, rheumatism ndi atherosulinosis.
Mwambiri, chomera ichi ndichofunikira komanso chothandiza patsamba lanu ndipo, mwachidziwikire, kwa inu, ndipo ngati mutatenga sprig ya oregano ndikuyika mukapu, ndiye kuti moleyo adzazimiririka.
Tikuyembekeza kuyankhapo kanthu pa kulima kwa oregano oregano ndi maphikidwe omwe mumakonda kugwiritsa ntchito kuphika komanso ngati chomera chamankhwala.
