Scoop Zima - Zambiri Zambiri

Anthuwa amatcha dzombe lakumpoto chifukwa cha kuwonongeka komwe kunapangitsa kuti kukuzizira. M'madera ozizira - nyongolotsi yozizira. M'mikhalidwe yoyenera, mzimayi mmodzi amaikira mazira 600 mpaka 2247, pomwe zokolola zimatha 95-98%. Mphindi 20-25 atatuluka mu chrysalis, scoops achinyamata ali okonzeka kukwera ndege ndi chakudya. Mitundu yoposa 100 ya ma scoops imavulaza mbewu panthaka (kudya masamba) komanso kumtunda kwa dothi. Ma scoops onse ndi ma polyphages, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kulimbana nawo, ndipo amapulumuka bwino pankhondo yolimbana ndi moyo komanso kubereka. Ndizosatheka kuthana ndi scoop kwathunthu (mawonekedwe amtundu wa ndege amauluka pamtunda wautali), koma kuchuluka kwawo kungachepetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zowongolera, gawo lotsogolera lomwe liri la njira zopewera komanso agrotechnical.

Scoop yozizira, kapena nthawi yachisanu yozizira (Agrotis segetum). © Philip Sansum

Zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa komanso kuchuluka kwa zovulaza nthawi yozizira

Makungu am'madzi a nthawi yozizira amawononga mitundu yoposa 140 ya mbewu za mabanja 36. Amagawidwa ndikudya masamba, tsinde lamkati, zomwe zimawononga mizu yazomera. Kwa tsiku limodzi, scoop imodzi imawononga muzu wa 10-20 mbewu za shuga beet. Amabzala mpendadzuwa, chimanga, fodya, mapira, thonje pa mpesa, ndipo posinthira chilimwe kukhala zamasamba ndiukadaulo, kuphatikizapo dzungu, zukini, mavwende, nandolo, mbatata, ndipo nthawi yophukira zimabzala mbewu nthawi yachisanu ndi nthawi yachisanu. Khungubwe, kudya mizu, kuwononga kubzala mphesa ndi mbande za mitengo yazipatso zazing'ono. Mwa namsongole, scoops amakonda kukhazikika ndikudya mizu yaainain, kubzala nthula, ndi bindweed.

Zilumba za nyengo yozizira zinkakhala ku Europe konse ku Russian Federation, kupatula madera akutali kwambiri a North North ndi louma. Malo omwe akuvulazidwa akuphatikizapo non-chernozem, steppe, bush-steppe, kumpoto kumpoto, ndi Northern Volga. Far East, kumwera kwa Siberia, Urals, North Caucasus. Chiwerengero cha mibadwo kumadera a Russia chikugwirizana ndi nyengo. Kumpoto komwe kumakhala kutentha osakwanira, mbadwo wina wam'nyengo yozizira umayamba. Kummwera, mpaka mibadwo 3-4 yolimba.

Kulongosola za zithunzithunzi zozizira

Zisanu (Agrotis segetum) amatanthauza tizirombo toopsa. Maonekedwe osasimbika komanso kukula kwa gulugufe ndichinyengo. Kutalika kwa thupi sikupita masentimita 1.8-2.2 ndi mapiko a masentimita 3.0-5.0. Mtundu wamapiko amtsogolo achikazi ndi wotuwa wonyezimira kapena wachikasu, pomwe mawanga ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yopepuka mizere yosweka kapena yopindika. Mtundu wa mapiko akutsogolo a amuna ndi wopepuka kuposa wa akazi. Akazi ali ndi mapiko akumiyendo amiyendo yakuda, m'mphepete mwake ndi m'mphepete mwa chingwe. Amuna ali ndi mapiko oyera a kumbuyo. Mutu ndi chifuwa cha kachilombo chimakutidwa ndi bristles. Zida zapakamwa zimayimiriridwa ndi proboscis yayitali yamphamvu. Ma Antennae mu akazi ndi mafatoni, amuna amuna osweka. Gulugufe amagwira ntchito madzulo, kudya kwambiri usiku. Pazakudya za usiku, utoto wozizira umatchedwanso kuwala kwa nthawi yozizira.

Chimba cha scoop ndi chachikulu, chonyezimira, chowoneka - chamtundu wamtambo. Peelyo imakutidwa ndi tirigu wabwino. M'mphepete mwake pali zingwe zakuda zazitali. Kutalika kwa thupi kumasiyana pakati pa masentimita 4.0-5.0. Chimbudzi chimakhala ndi miyendo 8: miyendo itatu yamatumbo a m'mimba ndi asanu.

Khokho lanyumba yachisanu. © Drew Ontano

Kuzungulira kwa chitukuko ndi kubereka kwa scoops yozizira

Mukukula kwake, scoop imadutsa magawo onse kuyambira dzira kupita ku gulugufe. M'nyengo yotentha, tizilombo mu kumpoto timatulutsa m'badwo umodzi, komanso m'madera okhala ndi nyengo yayitali ya mibadwo 2-4. Kutalika kwa m'badwo kumatenga masiku 50-70 ndipo zimatengera kutentha. M'nyengo yozizira komanso yonyowa, scoop imayikira mazira ochepa (mpaka 40-50), pamalo oyenera - opitilira 2000. Popanga zomangamanga, amasankha madera otentha bwino okhala ndi dothi lotayirira komanso malo osungira maluwa osowa kwambiri. Atasiya dzira, mboziyo imadutsa zaka 6, imasandulika kukhala pronymphus m'badwo wamalimwe, kenako imakhala chrysalis ndipo patatha masiku 10-12 gulugufe amawoneka, omwe ali okonzeka kuuluka mu mphindi 10-25. Zaka zolimbikitsidwa zimawonedwa usiku kutentha kwa mpweya pamwamba + 12 * C. Chodyetsa chachikulu cha gulugufe ndi timadzi tokoma maluwa. Moyo wamunthu wachinyamata wozizira nthawi yozizira umakhala wochepa kwa masiku 5 mpaka 40 ndipo wonsewo umadzipereka pakukhwima ndi kuyikira mazira. Ana agalu akuluakulu a zaka 6 amapita nthawi yozizira; achichepere amafa chifukwa cha chisanu. Amadzibisalira pamtunda wa 20-25 masentimita ndikuthana ndi kutentha mpaka -11 * С. Chapakatikati, nthaka ikatentha mpaka + 10 * C, imakwera kumtunda kwa dothi, pomwe imasunthira ndikusintha kukhala agulugufe. Chifukwa chake, malo ofooka pakukhazikitsidwa kwa scoop yozizira ndi kuyikira mazira ophukira ndi kuchoka kwa mbozi kuti zikhale nthawi yachisanu, mbozi zam'madzi zimaterera dothi lokwera masentimita 10 kuti musambe. Kukumba mozama mu kugwa ndi kasupe kudzathandizira kuwononga kwa tizirombo tambiri. Mwayi womwe watayika udzatsogolera ku gulu lalikulu la agulugufe amibadwo yoyamba mu Meyi komanso mu Julayi wachiwiri. Pakatha masiku 5 mpaka 10, mbozi zazing'ono zimatulutsa mazira, ndipo zam'mbuyomu zimakula. Tizilombo ta mibadwo yonse tidzadya kwambiri mpaka pakati pa Okutobala. Akuluakulu omwe afika zaka 6 amasamukira kunthaka nthawi yachisanu. Mu theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti, agulugufe amaikira mazira, pomwe mbozi za m'badwo woyamba wa chaka chamawa zimamera ndipo kuyambira Meyi mayendedwe a nyengo yozizira ayambanso.

Scoop yozizira, kapena nthawi yachisanu yozizira (Agrotis segetum). © Martin Grimm

Njira zakuchitira ndi scoop yozizira

Zizindikiro zowonongeka kuzomera za chimfine

Mphemba zimawonongeka pamiyeso ya dothi ndipo zimatha kudya maziko a ana, mbatata za mbatata ndi mizu, kusiya zolakwika zomwe nthawi zina zimakhazikika. Scoops amadya pafupi ndi mbali yofesayo yamasamba, kusiya masamba okha. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kutchera khutu ku kufota kwa mbewu zambiri m'madera ambiri kwenikweni masana.

Njira za Agrotechnical kulimbana

Kukwaniritsa zofunika zotsatirazi zikuthandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa tizirombo.

Kusinthana kwa zikhalidwe pakusintha kwachikhalidwe, momwe kusinthana kwadongosolo kwa mzere wa mbewu kumathandizira kuti kuwononga mphutsi zochulukirapo ndi pupae.
Mukakolola nandolo ndi mbewu zina zokhala ndi nayitrogeni, kulima koyambirira ndikofunikira kuwononga mibadwo yam'chilimwe ya mbozi ndi pupae osati njenjete za nthawi yozizira, komanso tizilombo tina zovulaza.
Chiwonongeko chokwanira ndi anthu osachepera udzu. Ndi gulugufe waudzu wowonda kwambiri, gulugufe wa scoop wozizira samayikira mazira m'malo awa.
Kugwirizana ndi nthawi yofesa ndikubzala mbewu za m'munda. Ngati ndi kotheka, gwiritsani ntchito kubzala koyambirira ndi kubzala mbande.
Kubzala ndi kufesa mbewu za m'minda yamitundu mitundu.
Kukonza misewu yam'nyumba yam'chilimwe ku nthawi yamasamba. Kusintha kufesa kwa tirigu wokongoletsa kwambiri.
Zachilengedwe
Kubzala mbewu zomwe zimakopa tizinyama tambiri komanso onyamula fungus ndi matenda ena a scoops yozizira: banchus wakuda, tahina ntchentche, trichographma, etc.
Zokopa zokopa, nyenyezi, ma ngolo, ntchentche, tmouse, mpheta ndi mbalame zina zothandiza kubzala m'munda. Unyinji waukulu wa mbozi ndi pupae kuwononga jackdaws, akhwangwala, lapwings.

Utoto wozizira, kapena nthawi yozizira (Agrotis segetum)

Zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamakono zopangidwa motengera mitundu yaying'ono yothandiza: Fitoverm, Agrovertin, Trichodermin, Actofit, Haupsin, Bitoxibacillin ndi ena. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yonse yotentha. Samazunza anthu, nyama, tizilombo tothandiza (njuchi, bumblebees). Njira zakukonzekera ndi nthawi yamagwiritsidwe ntchito zimafotokozedwa momveka bwino muzowalimbikitsa. Palibenso chifukwa chowonjezera kuchuluka kwa mayankho: sizibweretsa zomwe zikuyembekezeka.

Njira zamankhwala zoyeserera

Pabanja panu, pamalo ochepa okha, ndi bwino osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Kwa othamanga ndi iwo omwe amangokhulupirira mu njira zowongolera zamankhwala, mankhwala otsatirawa akhoza kulimbikitsidwa pansipa.

Koma kumbukirani! mankhwala ndi oopsa kwa anthu, zotsalira zawo zimatha kudziunjikira m'minda ya m'munda. Matendawa amapezeka pang'onopang'ono ndipo samawoneka nthawi yomweyo, ngati poyizoni. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito ndi mankhwala mosamala kwambiri, kuyang'anira njira zotetezera zanu komanso mogwirizana ndi malangizowo.

Chapakatikati, paulendo woyamba kuthawa agulugufe (kutentha kutakhazikika pamwamba + 12 ... + 15 ° С), kukonzekera kwa mankhwala Decis, Fury, Karate, Proteus, Fas, Sherpa, Arrivo, Inta-VIR, Strela, Machesi, Karbofos amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mbewu. M'nyengo yotentha, Zolon, Danadim, Fufanon, Dursban nawonso amalimbikitsidwa.

Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ochiritsira a chomera sangakhale osaposa 2 nthawi imodzi. Kukonzanso komaliza kumachitika masiku 3040 musanakolole. Ma makemikari sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbewu zomwe zikukula mwachidule. Mankhwala onse amachitidwa mosamalitsa mogwirizana ndi malingaliro.

Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa aluso asalangize kuti asauze masamba obzala ndi ziphe, koma kuwaza bwino udzu womwe umakonda (zoyera kapena zopyapyala wamba, kubzala nthula, bindweed), kuziphimba (mwachitsanzo, decis) ndikuziyika mozungulira mabedi.

Njira za anthu ovutikira

Njira zakuwongolera zimachokera pa "zizolowezi" za tizirombo.

Samalola kununkhira kwa zitsamba zophera tizilomboto ndi kupanga kwawo.
Amakopeka ndi kununkhira kwa maluwa omwe amakonda komanso maluwa obzala maluwa.

Gulugufe wamtundu wautali samavomera kununkhira kwa anyezi, masamba a burdock, nsonga za mbatata, mivi ya adyo, chitsamba chowawa. Kulowetsedwa zakonzedwa mwa Chiwerengero cha 1: 2-3. Thirani gawo limodzi la chomera chophera tizilombo (botolo lomwe limayenda bwino) ndi magawo awiri a madzi otentha, tsimikizani kwa masiku awiri, onjezerani malita 4-5. Sungunulani 25-30 g ya sopo yochapa bwino (bwino zomatira), zitsamba zonunkhira. Kudzola mankhwalawa kumatha kubwerezedwanso patatha masiku 7-10.

Fungo la calendula, cilantro, basil, lomwe mutha kuwakhazikitsa mabedi kapena kuwabzala pakati pa mbewu zamasamba, kumayendetsa agulugufewo kutali.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito decoctions ndi kulowetsedwa kwa zitsamba zambiri, mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kumbukirani! Sikuti zitsamba zonse ndizovomerezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito, chifukwa zimathanso kukhala ziphe zamphamvu zomwe zimayambitsa poyizoni (aconite, dope, ndi zina).