Wisteria: chithunzi, chisamaliro ndi kulima m'maderalo

Chisangalalo chachikulu ndi mtima wachifundo zimabweretsedwa kwa olimawo ndi maluwa ndi maluwa okongola. Mmodzi mwa oimira okongola kwambiri ndi Chinese Wisteria. Kumubweretsa iye mu chiwembu chake kumatanthauza kulandira zovuta zambiri. Koma kukongola kwa duwa kumeneku kudzapatsa mphotho ngakhale wamaluwa omwe akuwopa chisamaliro chovuta ndi kulima kwa mbewu iyi.

Zithunzi zomwe alangizidwe ndi alimi a maluwa zimawonetsedwa ndi mabulashi omwe amagwa, omwe amakhala ndi mitengo yambiri, ndipo fungo lawo lamatsenga limakhala chovala chokongoletsa chilichonse.

Kufotokozera ndi mitundu ya wisteria

M'malo osiyanasiyana mungathe kuwona tanthauzo la wisteria ngati duwa kapena mtengo. Koma kwenikweni ndi liana, wokhala ndi nthambi zakugwa komanso thunthu lolimba. Pansi pazofunikira, monga, m'nthaka yokhazikika mosamala, pansi pa dzuwa lotentha, tsinde la mbewu ili kukula mpaka 20 mita.

Mu chilengedwe, wisteria amapezeka mu nyengo yotentha ya maiko aku Asia - Japan ndi China. Mbewuyi idabzalidwa kalekale ku America. Mphukira yachichepere imakhala ndi tsinde lopyapyala, mtengo wampesa wachikulire umatha kukhala ndi mtengo wokulirapo mpaka masentimita 25. Pa thunthu la mbewuyo pali nthambi zokhala ndi masamba obiriwira osambira masamba ang'onoang'ono.

M'nyengo yotentha, ziphuphu zimapanga maluwa mabulashi. Ma inflorescence a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewuyi amakhala osiyanasiyana - oyera oyera, ofiirira, amtambo. Maluwa ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ofanana ndi orchid. Fungo labwino kwambiri la inflorescence ndi chifukwa cha dzina la mpesa. "Wisteria" amatanthauzira kuti "wokoma."

Zipatso za mbewu - nyemba zopaka utoto. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka wopangayo, ndi a banja lankhondo.

Zosiyanasiyana

Lero zilipo Mitundu 10 ya Chinese wisteriazomwe zili mu vivo. Ovala maluwa amakula kokha mbambo zokongoletsera. Uwu ndi chipwirikiti:

• Macrostachia. Wophatikiza izi adapangidwira makamaka nyengo yozizira - kumpoto kwa America, Russia, Scandinavia. Zomera sizigwirizana ndi chisanu. Paokha chiwembu chimapanga kulumikizidwa bwino kwa zisakasa, malo okhala, nyumba zopangira. Maburashi ndi masentimita 35 ndipo ali ndi inflaccence ya lilac yokhala ndi fungo lotchulidwa.
• Alba Mtundu wamtundu wa wisteria wotumphuka wokhala ndi mabulashi oyera. Fungo lake limakhala loipa kwambiri kuposa la ena hybrids, koma oyera oyera inflorescence amawonekera kwambiri, amawokedwa m'mabwalo am'mizinda, m'maluwa osiyanasiyana;
• Wachichaina Izi zimapanga maburashi okongola kwambiri okhala ndi inflorescence yamafuta onunkhira. M'mundamo, chomera ichi chimakhala pafupi ndi mizati ya terata, makonde, mafelemu osiyanasiyana;
• Floribunda. Ichi ndi chomera cha ku Japan chomwe chimawoneka ngati mpesa wokhala ndi masentimita 45 a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pali mitundu yaing'ono yamadzi iyi. Amakula motalikirapo, ndikupanga mawonekedwe a chitsamba, omwe ndi abwino polenga bonsai;
• Zokongola. Wosakanizidwa, yemwe adapezeka atasankha mitundu iwiri yoyambayo, adawaphatikiza ndi zabwino kwambiri. Maburashi amaluwa ndi atali, mpaka 30 cm, maluwa ndi okulirapo, oyera oyera.

Kodi kukula kwa wisitia?

Wisteria - mbewu zokulira mwachangukuti gwiritsitsani yomweyo thandizo lililonse. Kuchita izi kwawapangitsa kuti akhale otchuka pakati pa okonza malo komanso oyamba kumene wamaluwa omwe amayamikira chikondi.

Wokula wopanga amafunika chimango chopangidwa ndi waya wolimbitsa, chitsulo kapena mtengo. Mera ukamakula, umakhala wokulirapo ndi masamba obiriwira olemera. Wisteria yaying'ono amawoneka bwino mumiphika, mu gawo la maluwa amkati. Mphika uyenera kukhala wokulirapo, ndipo wokonzeka kukhala ndi ndodo yodalirika yachitsulo. Komanso, liana mumphika pa loggia limawoneka bwino.

Kubzala wowoka m'munda kumafunika kupezeka kwa chithandizo chodalirika. Pamafunika kuyesetsa kuti muchepetse wophunzirayo. Chomera chambiri, chophuka kwambiri popanda kudulira koyenera chimadzaza zipatso zake.

Malo abwino oti khungu lizikhala pachimake ndi malo owumbika bwino ndi dzuwa, khoma la arbor, kapena kaphimbidweko. Chinese Wisteria imafunikira kutentha kosalekeza. Padziko lapansi pokhapokha padzatuluka maluwa okongola ndi ma inflorescence ambiri.

Alimi a maluwa odziwa bwino amadziwa kuti mitundu yonse ya mpesayi ndi yopanda pake. Kubzala ndi chisamaliro kumafuna chisamaliro chachikulu. Tisaiwale malamulo angapo:

• mpesa womwe wabzalidwa kwa nthanga umayamba kuphuka patatha zaka 8;
• mbande zogulidwa m'masitolo zimamera mpaka zaka 4, musanayambe maluwa;
• musanafike maluwa, nthaka yamlungu ndi mlungu iyenera kuthiridwa feteleza pafupi ndi mizu;
• ndikofunikira kuthirira liana osati mwamphamvu, koma mosalekeza;
• nthawi zina mmera sukutulutsa kwa zaka zingapo. Wopukutira uyu amafunika "kulasidwa" powonjezera potashi nyambo pansi nthawi yophukira;
• zowonjezera za nayitrogeni ziyenera kupewedwa. M'miyendo, nayitrogeni amapanga kukula kwamphamvu kwamphamvu, koma osati mapangidwe a inflorescence.

Kudulira

Kuti mbewu yabwino kwambiri ithe maluwa ndiyofunika chepetsa katatu pachaka. Nthambi zikuluzikulu zimakhazikika mchilimwe, patatha milungu ingapo, mabulashi akauma ndi kuphuka. Pankhaniyi, mutha kusintha chimango. Mipesa yaying'ono yaying'ono imadulidwa mu kugwa.

M'nyengo yozizira, simungathe kuchita izi pamanja. M'nyengo yozizira, ma liana amapanga masamba a inflorescence, ndipo mwangozi mutha kudula zokongola komanso zazikulu kwambiri.

M'dzinja, ndikofunikira kuchotsa mbali zonse zakufa za chitsamba, zomwe zimalepheretsa nthambi zazing'ono kuti zimere. Olima odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuyang'ana mpesa mtunda wa masitepe 7. Chifukwa chake kusiyana kwamtundu pa nthambi zakale ndi mphukira zatsopano zomwe zimamera kuchokera pamenepo zimawoneka bwino.

Nthambi zammbali zimafunikira kufupikitsa mpaka 20 cm. Kukula kwa nthambi zakale kumapangidwanso yaying'ono kotero kuti pali masamba 5 okha. Izi zithandiza liana kuti liziganizira kwambiri popanga inflorescence kuma nthambi zazifupi.

M'chilimwe, mutha kuchita zomwezo ndi nthambi zammbali, kusiya masamba angapo pa mphukira iliyonse. Ndikofunikira kudula nthambi zikuluzikulu "zomata" momwe adasankhira kuti adzayankhe mpesa. Kuyesera sikungavulaze. Mphukira wa elastic Amakula msanga, ndipo adzakhazikika pomwe adatumizidwa.

Kodi kukonzekera mbewu?

Matumba akuluakulu amapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe a mbewuyo masika asakhale okongola kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuti muchepetse popanda kuchotsa gawo lalikulu la tsinde, chifukwa pakhoza kukhala masamba a inflorescence.

Mutha kubzala mbewuyi pambewu zomwe zimatengedwa kuchokera pamatumba. Musaiwale - chomera chatsopanocho sichingafanane ndi mayi wowononga.

Ziphuphu atakutidwa mchikwama chachikulu chamakatoni ndikusiya kuti ziume m'malo otentha. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kusiyira phukusi milungu ingapo pamtunda wagalimoto. Pakumatsegulidwa nyemba, mbewu zimachotsedwa mosavuta.

Kuti mukulidwe, kuyika mumphika wofunikira ndikofunikira. Mbewu zimakilitsidwa munthaka ndi 3 cm ndi madzi. Ndikofunika kuti mukukula pogwiritsa ntchito dothi losakanikirana ndi kuwonjezera pamchenga. Mphika wa mbewu uyenera kuyikidwa mumthunzi. Omwe alimi ambiri amaphimba mphika ndi galasi kuti atetezeke pakuchepera kutentha. Nthawi yonseyi yamera, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera madzi kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa nthawi zonse.

Mphukira zikaonekera, mphikawo uyenera kukonzedwanso pamalo owunikiridwa (osayatsidwa ndi dzuwa). Pamene mphukira amapanga masamba angapo, awo kuziika m'matumba osiyanasiyana. Osamadzula mbande zazing'ono mwachindunji. Liana ayenera kukula osachepera 25 cm.

Kodi mungakulire bwanji wistia m'malo apansi?

Kachilengedwe komwe chilengedwe chimamera ndi malo otentha. Madera akumpoto, a liana amadwala chisanu. Mitundu yambiri yazipatso sizingathe kulekerera ngakhale nthawi yophukira nyengo yathu. Kutentha kochepa kwa chomera kuyenera kukhala osachepera 10C. Ngakhale mizu ikapulumuka pansi ndikupanga mphukira, fanizoli sikhala nyengo yayitali.

Chomera chamtunduwu chimapangidwa bwino kokha ndi chitetezo chapadera nthawi yozizira. Ogulitsa maluwa amayika mbande m'chaka choyamba osati m'nthaka, koma amabzala m'mbale zapadera. Kwa mphukira muyenera chidebe cholemera 45-55 l. Liana amafunikira thandizo lamphamvu, komanso womata.

M'dzinja, ndikofunikira kuwunikira momwe zanyengo ziliri. Ngati usiku kutentha kugwera pansi pa 15C, mbewuyo iyenera kusamutsidwa kupita nayo mnyumbayo. Ndikofunikira kuti iyi inali chipinda chapansi kapena cellar.

M'nyengo yozizira, liana siligwira ntchito. Zomera sizifunikira kuunikira kowala, kuthirira zitha kuchitika kamodzi masiku 7. Mu chipinda chodzaza ndi chipale chofewa nthawi yozizira, a liana adzafa. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mbiya yokhala ndi mbewu imakonzedwanso m'mbali mwake mchipindacho, ndikuthiriridwa kamodzi pakatha masiku awiri. Kutentha usiku kukakhala kuposa 10C, mpesa ungathe kuyikika pamalo poyera.

Mpesa wachikulire uyenera kudulidwapo chisanachitike nyengo yachisanu. Pankhaniyi, chomera chimachotsedwa pamathandizo, chimakhazikika pansi ndikufundidwa ndi udzu, masamba, zovala zosafunikira. Mwa izi, zochulukirapo za mphukira zimayenera kudulidwa. Ndi malo odalirika, wisteria imatha kusuntha kutentha kuzungulira -22C.

Alimi osamalira maluwa amakwaniritsa kupulumuka kwa mtengowu kwa zaka zambiri, komanso maluwa owirikiza kawiri. Kukula zamabodza kuchokera kwa azimayi kumapangitsa kuti wisitia asamavutike kwambiri chisanu.

Zoyipa zazikulu za wisteria

Maonekedwe achilengedwe Chomera ichi chimatha kukhala chosokoneza kwambiri kwa wolima yemwe adakweza Wisteria koyamba:

• osasankha mtengo wamoyo ngati chothandizira cha mbewuyi. Liana pomalizira pake "limazungulira" mtengo ndi mabala amphamvu. Zomera zimangoyikidwa pafupi ndi mitengo yakufa ndi youma;
• Liana amapanga chivundikiro chomaliza chakasupe. Nthambi zake zopanda kanthu zidzayamba kusiyana ndi zobiriwira pazomera zomwe zatsala;
• maluwa sakhala okhazikika, ndipo osati nthawi yonse yolimba;
• nyengo yotentha, masamba a chomerachi amakhala ndi khungu lakuda;
• kuchuluka kwa zovuta ndi kuopsa kwa mungu wopanga sikupangitsa kuti izi zitheke, pomwe ana ang'onoang'ono amayenda;
• Masamba ndi zipatso za wowotchera ndizopatsa poizoni. Mukatha kulumikizana ndi chomera, muyenera kusamba ndi sopo thupi lonse.

Chinese Wisteria imapanga malo abwino okondana ndi magawo ake. Liana ili lidzakwanira bwino mumapangidwe aliwonseimasenda m'mbali mwa nyumba zakale, komanso mitengo youma. Fungo lamaluwa ophulika limakhala losangalatsa kwambiri kununkhira, komanso kuyeretsa mawonekedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kusamalira liana kumakhala kovuta, koma zotsatira zake zimakupindulitsani mukuyesetsa konse.