Luffa, kapena Luffa (Luffa) - mtundu wazipatso za herbaceous za banja la Pumpkin (Cucurbitaceae) Chiwerengero cha mitundu yonse ya loofah ndichoposa makumi asanu. Koma ndi mitundu iwiri yokha yomwe inafalikira monga mbewu zobzalidwa - uwu ndi mtundu wa Luffa (Luffa cylindrica) ndi Luffa adaloza (Luffa acutangula) Mitundu ina, zipatsozo ndizochepa kwambiri mwakuti kukula monga mbewu za mafakitale sikothandiza.
Luffa ndi wachiiguputo. © PekinensisZomwe zimayambira loofah ndi North West India. M'zaka za VII. n e. Luffa anali wodziwika kale ku China.
Pakadali pano, loofah ya cylindrical imalimidwa m'maiko otentha kwambiri a Old and New Worlds; Luffa acanthus sakhala wamba, makamaka ku India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, ndi Pacific.
Luffa achoka. © Huerta OrgázmikaKufotokozera kwamabotolo a loofah
Masamba a Loofah ndi omwe atsatira asanu kapena asanu ndi awiri, nthawi zina amatha. Maluwa ndi akulu osakongola, achikaso kapena oyera. Maluwa okhazikika amasonkhanitsidwa mu maluwa a inflemose inflorescence, maluwa apistillate amapezeka okha. Zipatsozi ndi zokhala ngati cylindrical, mkati mouma komanso fibrous ndi mbewu zambiri.
Kukula loofah
Luffa amakula bwino m'malo otetezedwa ndi mphepo. Amakonda dothi lotentha, lotayirira, lopanda michere, lomwe limapangidwa bwino komanso loyanitsidwa ndi mchenga. Pakakhala manyowa osakwanira, mbewu za loofah ziyenera kufesedwa mu maenje 40X40 cm kukula ndi 25-30 masentimita akuya, theka lodzazidwa ndi manyowa.
Luffa amadziwika ndi nyengo yayitali kwambiri yobzala, chifukwa chake iyenera kukhala itakula mu mbande. Mbewu za Luffa zimafesedwa kumayambiriro kwa Epulo ndi miphika, ngati mbewu za nkhaka. Amakhala olimba kwambiri, wokutidwa ndi chipolopolo ndipo amafunika kuwotcha musanafesere kwa sabata lathunthu pa kutentha kwa madigiri 40. Mphukira zimawonekera pambuyo pa masiku 5-6. Mbeu zobzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa Meyi m'mizere malinga ndi mawonekedwe a 1.5m x 1m pazingwe zotsika kapena zitunda.
Chomera cha Luffa pamathandizo. © JudgefloroLuffa amapanga tsamba lalikuru ndikupereka zipatso zambiri, motero amafunika feteleza wambiri. Kutengera 1 ha, ma 50-60 manyowa, 500 makilogalamu a superphosphate, 400 kg ya ammonium nitrate ndi 200 kg ya potaziyamu sodium. Ammonium nitrate imayambitsidwa mwanjira zitatu: mukabzala mbande, ndikumasuka kwachiwiri ndi kwachitatu.
Mizu ya loofah ndiyofowoka ndipo imapezeka munthaka, ndipo masamba amatulutsa chinyezi chambiri, motero amafunika kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri. M'mwezi wa Meyi, mbewuzo zikakhazikika bwino, ndikokwanira kuthilira kamodzi pa sabata, mu June-Ogasiti mpaka mpaka Seputembala - kamodzi kapena kawiri pa sabata. Pambuyo pake, madzi ochepa pafupipafupi kufupikitsa nyengo yakula ndikuthandizira kupsa zipatso.
Nthawi yakula, loofah amamasulidwa katatu.
Kuti ulimi wokuluka bwino, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi chomwe chimathandiza kuwongolera. Ngati sichinachitike, mbewuzo zimafalikira pamtunda, chifukwa zomwe zipatso zosapangika zikapangidwa, nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
Mitundu ingapo ya zida zothandizira ndizodziwika, pomwe waya trellis imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, yopanga mizere iwiri yama waya omwe amamangiriridwa pamitengo yama 4-5 m pambuyo pake, monga trellis yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula mphesa. Komabe, mukamagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kameneka, gawo la thunthu la loofah limagwerabe panthaka. Mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri ali ndi zotchedwa makonde, monga kukwera mphesa, koma zopangidwa ndi zopepuka.
Chipatso cha Luffa. © devopstomZomera zopatula za laffa zimabzalidwa kuti zizitha kupondaponda panjira yoyenda ndi mpanda.
Ma Luffa zimayambira m'malo angapo omangirizidwa kuti azithandizira. Kumayambiriro kwa kukula, nthambi zonse zammbali zimachotsedwa. Kuti muchepetse nyengo yakukula, tsinani tsinde lalikulu mtunda wa mamita 3. Zipatso zonse zopuwala ndi zowonekera zimachotsedwa. Ndi zipatso 6-8 zokha zomwe zatsalira mu cylindrical loofah ndi 10-12 m'mbali lakuthwa.
Mu dothi labwino komanso nyengo yabwino komanso luso lamalima lokwanira, zipatso za 3-5 zimapezeka pamtengo umodzi wosalala, zipatso zisanu ndi zitatu ndizowongoka.
Kugwiritsa ntchito loofah
Luffa analoza (Luffa acutangula) umalimidwa chifukwa cha zipatso zosapsa zanthete zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zakudya monga nkhaka, komanso masamba ndi supu. Zipatso zakupsa siziberekeka, popeza ndizowawa kwambiri. Amadya masamba, mphukira, masamba ndi maluwa a acanthus loofah - kutulutsa pang'ono, amawotchera ndi mafuta ndipo amakhala ngati mbale yam'mbali.
Luffa cylindricalkapena chinkhupule (Luffa cylindrica) imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chakudya chimodzimodzi. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti masamba ake ndi olemera kwambiri mu carotene: zomwe zili mkati mwake ndizokwera pafupifupi 1.5 kuposa karoti kapena tsabola wokoma. Iron mumasamba muli 11 mg / 100 g, vitamini C - 95 mg / 100 g, mapuloteni - mpaka 5%.
Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapangika nthawi yakupsa kwa loofah timagwiritsa ntchito kupangira masiponji ofanana ndi masiponji (omwe, monga mbewu yomweyi, amatchedwa loofah). Siponji yamasamba yotereyi komanso njira yochapira imakhala ndi kutikita bwino. Oyendetsa nyanja a Chipwitikizi anali oyamba kupeza kugwiranso ntchito ngati pamtengowo.
Kuti mupeze zofunda, zipatso za luffa zimakololedwa zobiriwira (ndiye kuti chomaliza chimakhala chosalala - cha "bafa") kapena bulawuni, i.e. okhwima akafuna kuyeretsa (pamenepa, mankhwalawo amakhala ocheperako). Zipatsozi zimaphika (nthawi zambiri masabata angapo), ndiye, monga lamulo, zimawaviika m'madzi (kuchokera maola angapo mpaka sabata) kuti muchepetse khungu; kenako peel, ndipo ulusi wamkati umatsukidwa ndi zamkati ndi burashi yolimba. Chochapacho chomwe chimasambitsidwa chimatsukidwa kangapo m'madzi amchere, ndikuwotcha, ndikuwuma padzuwa, kenako ndikudula pakati pazofunikira.
Bast kuchokera ku Luffa. © KorrenNkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse isanachitike, mpaka 60% ya loofah yomwe idalowetsedwa ku USA idagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zosefera za injini za dizilo ndi mafuta. Chifukwa chomveka komanso chosagwedezeka, zida zam'madzizi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zisoti zankhondo zachitsulo komanso zida zankhondo za US Army zonyamula zida. Mbewu za Loofah zimakhala ndi mafuta osavuta 46% ndi mapuloteni mpaka 40%.
Mu lylindrical loofah, mitundu yonse ya masamba ndi mitundu yapadera yaukadaulo yopangira bast imadziwika. Ku Japan, msuzi wochokera ku tsinde la loofah umagwiritsidwa ntchito podzola, makamaka popanga milomo yapamwamba kwambiri.
Chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala azikhalidwe zakumwa.
Kulowetsedwa kwa zipatso za luffa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala achilengedwe ku Colombia pamatenda oyamba a mphuno ndi ma paranasal sinuses. Adayambitsidwa mankhwala a homeopathic (mu ma dilutions oyenera) pazifukwa zomwezo, kuphatikiza ndi zomwe sizigwirizana.
