Night violet (hesperis) ndiomera wazaka ziwiri wobadwa ku Greece ndi Asia Minor. Amamera ku Caucasus, Mediterranean, Siberia yaku Western, gawo la ku Europe la Russia.
Tsinde la duwa ndilokhazikika, kutalika kwa 40-50 cm, wokutidwa ndi glandular villi. Masamba ndi serase, yaying'ono, yopanda kanthu, yakuthwa komanso yotsogola. Maluwa ndi osavuta kapena apawiri, mpaka masentimita awiri mulifupi, lilac kapena utoto.
Chomera chimakhala ndi fungo labwino, chikukulira nyengo yamvula komanso usiku (nthawi yamadzulo) masana. Ichi ndichifukwa chake duwa limatchedwa phwando lamadzulo kapena usiku violet.
Mattiols limamasika kumapeto kwa Meyi maluwa - nthawi 1-1.5 miyezi, kutengera nyengo; nyengo yanthawi yotentha - zochepa. Mbeu zazing'ono za Matthiola zofiirira zimapitilira kumera kwa zaka 2-3 ndipo zimapezeka pang'onopang'ono, 6 cm.
Usiku wa violet umafalikira bwino podzilimitsa tokha, chifukwa chake kuti mabatani anu a maluwa asakulane, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse nthawi ndi nthawi (zaka 2-3 zilizonse).
Phwando lamadzulo. Kulima ndi chisamaliro
Night violet ndi duwa losazindikira, limakhala labwino kwambiri m'malo omwe ali ndi mthunzi komanso malo owala bwino ndi dzuwa. Mbewuyo imakonda kukhathamira pang'ono lamchere kapena losalemeretsa dothi.. Munthawi yamasamba akhama, ndikofunikira kuwunika kuthirira mosamala. Ma Vesere samalola chilala, koma nthawi yomweyo chinyezi chitha kuzimiririka ndikutchingira madzi sichingaloledwe. Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala pafupipafupi, koma osadzaza. Popewa kukhazikika pamitengo yayitali, mbewuyo imatha kumangidwa.
Usiku wa violet umakhala ndi kukana chisanu ndipo sufuna malo ena owonjezera m'nyengo yozizira. Chosankha chikhoza kukhala chisanu nyengo ya chisanu - ndiye duwa liyenera kuphimbidwa.
Kuswana
Phwando lamadzulo limafalitsa bwino podzilimitsa, koma ngati mulibe bedi lamaluwa ndi ma violets, ndipo mukufuna kutero, mutha kuyesa kufalitsa mbewuzo. Kuti muchite izi, koyambirira kwa Epulo, ikani njere zazing'onoting'ono, ndikuzizaza panthaka. Ndiye kuwaza kochepa wosanjikiza (mpaka 1 cm) wa peat-humus pamwamba, condense, moisten ndikuphimba beseni ndi pulasitiki wokutira. Kutentha kwa +20 ° C, mbande zimatuluka masabata 2-3. Kupereka mbande ndi kuthirira kwabwino, koma popanda kusunthika kwa chinyezi, posachedwa mupeza mbewu zathanzi ndi masamba enieni a 2-3. Tsopano maluwa ali okonzeka kubzala poyera.
Zomera zomwe zinaikidwa mmundamo zimafunikanso kuthilira ndi kumasula dothi kuti zitha kupereka mpweya wabwino ku mizu. Pakutha kwa chilimwe, masamba amphamvu ndi akhungu kwambiri azidzawoneka pamaluwaIdzayamba kuphuka masika.
Pakatha zaka zingapo, mutha kusiya chomera chimodzi kuchokera pagulu kuti mudzilime nokha.
Asanafesere, feteleza wachilengedwe ayenera kuwonjezeranso dothi.
Mitundu yotsatirayi ilipo:
- "Nyenyezi". Chomera chokhala ndi tsinde lokwanira (mpaka 50 cm) ndi maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
- "Fungo lamadzulo." Chomera chooneka bwino kwambiri cha masentimita 45 chokhala ndi tsinde lalikulu kwambiri. Imakhala ndi fungo lokhazikika komanso limamasuwa kwambiri.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Kudula kwamasamba m'nthaka kumatha kubowola mizu ndikufa kwa chomera. Ngati mukuwona zotupa zilizonse pamapepala - mwachangu chotsani toyesa matenda mpaka matenda atakulirakulirabe.
Vitt yausiku imatha kudwala keel (matenda a mizu), yomwe imadziwika kwambiri kwa onse opachika. Potere, mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa ziyenera kuwonongeka (kuwotchedwa), ndipo dothi liyenera kukhala laimu ndikuwathandizira m'njira zapadera.
Kutentha, utoto wopachika umatha kuwonekera pamaluwa. Kukhalapo kwake kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kupangidwa kwa mabowo ang'onoang'ono pamasamba. Kuti muchotse tizilombo, ndikofunikira kupera phulusa la nkhuni kukhala fumbi ndi kuwaza mbewu ndi dothi lozungulira.
Agulugufe oyera (agulugufe oyang'ana kabichi) akaonekera, nyamayo iyenera kuthandizidwa kawiri ndi tizirombo (Fury, Tsimbush, Kinmins, Arrivo).
Ntchito ndi zothandiza za phwando lamadzulo
Usiku wa violet ndi wabwino kwa ma loggias okongola komanso makonde, umamva bwino kwambiri pafupi ndi nyumba pamabedi a maluwa ndi mabedi. Popeza matthiola moyandikana ndi maluwa owala bwino (mwachitsanzo, calendula), mutha kupanga nyimbo zoyamba kununkhira bwino m'munda mwanu kapena pa khonde.
M'mundamo, ndibwino kubzala matthiol m'magulu a mbewu 5-10, pamtunda wa 35-45 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Ndipo kenako kumapeto kwa masika, pomwe mbewu zimamera limodzi m'munda wanu mawonekedwe opindika amawonekera ndipo lingaliro limapangidwa kuti chifunga chonunkhira cha lilac chazizira pamwamba pa maluwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, mbewuyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe
Kuchokera pa mbewu za violet usiku muzilandira zinthu izi:
- Cardenolides;
- ma steroid;
- ma alkaloids;
- digitoxyside;
- glycobiovihozide;
- biovihoside.
Mu pharmacology, mmera umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati diuretic, mtima. Masamba amakhala ndi saponins, flavonoids ndi mafuta ofunikira. Kuchokera pamapepala mungathe kukonzanso antibacterial kutengera mowa.
Kulowetsedwa kwa njere ndi zitsamba za matthiola kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati diaphoretic, komanso pochizira rheumatism ndi gout. Pophika, muyenera kutenga 0,5 tsp. mbewu ya usiku violet ndi 1 tsp. zitsamba. Sakanizani zigawozo bwino ndi kuthira madzi otentha (1/2 l.). Kuumirira maola awiri. Tengani 3-4 pa tsiku, 100 ml.
Udzu umakololedwa mu Meyi-Julayi, mbewu - mu Ogasiti-Seputembala.
Onetsetsani kuti mukusamala ndikututa zopangira, komanso ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito udzu mkati. Popeza usiku violet ndi chomera chakupha.
Mbeu zophuka za matthiola (usiku wa violet) zimakhala ndi michere yambiri (phosphorous, calcium, magnesium, iron), komanso mavitamini A ndi C. Nthambi zamtundu wa violet zimathandizira pazinthu zomwe zimapanganso thupi kusintha. khalani ofewa komanso odana ndi zosoticyambitsani chidwi. Kuphatikiza apo, mbande imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika. Zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana (zokhwasula-khosi, pasitala, saladi, etc.) kuti mupatse zonunkhira.
Chifukwa chake, phwando lamadzulo silipereka zokongola zokha, komanso ntchito ngati aromatherapy kunyumba mukabzyala pa khonde kapena pa munda, komanso chomera chamankhwala ena matenda.
