Kulima kwa Guaiawa m'nyumba

Guayava (Psidium guajava) mtundu wazomera zamtundu wa Psidium (kapena Guava) wa banja la mchisu, komwe myrtle, womwewo feijoa ndi buluzi, amadziwika kwa ambiri. Mitengoyi imachokera ku South ndi Central America. Chimodzi mwazomwe zatchulidwira pamtengowu ndi a Pedro Cieza de Leon m'buku la "Chronicle of Peru" kapena "Peruvian Chronicle."

Kuphatikiza apo pali mainiyasi, ma guavas, ma guavas (inga), ma guanavans (annona), avocados, ndi mitundu ingapo ya ma currants, omwe amakhala ndi masamba osangalatsa, ma chrysophyllums (ma caymitos), ndi ma plums.

- Cieza de Leon, Pedro. Mbiri ya ku Peru. Gawo Loyamba. Mutu xxvii

Guayava - mtengo wawung'ono wobiriwira, nthawi zina mitengo yocheperako yokhala ndi nthambi zambiri zotambalala, mpaka mamita 3-4 kutalika, koma amatha kutalika mikono makumi awiri. Ali ndi makungwa ofiira otuwa kapena opepuka, nthawi zina yokutidwa ndi ming'alu. Masamba pansipa pang'ono limatuluka, ali pamtunda wobiriwira.

Maluwa amakhala amodzi kapena gulu m'magulu axell ndi 4-5 petals. Zonunkhira, zoyera kapena zoyera, mpaka 2,5 masentimita, ndi zokumbira zachikasu zambiri kapena zachikasu. Maluwa 1-2 pachaka. Pali mitundu yonse iwiri ya-mungu wopukutira ndi mungu wodzipukuta. Njuchi ndi imodzi mwamagawo onyamula mungu.

Zipatso ndizazungulira, zozungulira kapena zooneka ngati peyala, zonunkhira bwino pang'ono, nthawi zina zimakhala zolimba kwambiri. Mtundu wa khungu loonda la mwana wosabadwayo ukhoza kukhala wachikasu, chikasu chowoneka bwino, chofiyira, chobiriwira kapena chobiriwira. Unyinji wazipatso za mbewu zamitundu mitundu zobiriwira zimakhala pafupifupi magalamu 70 mpaka 160, kutalika - 4-6,5 cm, m'mimba mwake - 5-7 cm. The zamkati mwazipatsozo zimakhala zoyera mpaka zofiira, zodzala ndi mbeu zolimba mpaka 3 mm kutalika.

Mtengo wachikulire wa Guayaia umapatsa zipatso za ma kilogalamu zana limodzi pazipatso zazikulu, ndi zochuluka kwambiri mwa iwo. Kucha kumachitika masiku 90-150 patatha maluwa.

Kulima ku Guayava

Guayava wamba sachita kunyalanyaza dothi, koma amakula bwino ndipo amabala zipatso pamadothi achonde, amakonda chinyezi. Itha kumalidwa ndowa zing'onozing'ono komanso zokhala munkati zam'nyumba. M'nyengo yozizira, guayava amalowa nthawi yotsika pomwe kutentha kumatsika mpaka + 5 ... + 8 ° C, kotero amatha kuyikidwa m'chipinda chozizira. Ndikayamba kwamasiku otentha mu Marichi, guaya iyenera kusinthidwa kupita ku khola kapena khonde ndikukhala ndi madzi ambiri kuti iyambe kumera. M'mwezi wa Epulo ndi Meyi, matalala akamadutsa, amatha kutulutsidwira kunja kwa bwalo ndikuyika malo abwino.

Mu Juni, maluwa a guayava amatulutsa maluwa oyera okhazikika ndikuyamba kumanga zipatso kukula kwa chitumbuwa. Mu Ogasiti ndi Seputembala, zipatso zimachuluka ndikuyamba kucha: choyamba zimatembenuka pinki, komanso kukhwima kwathunthu - kufiira. Zipatsozi zimakhala ndi mapuloteni, mafuta, chakudya, pectin, carotene, mavitamini ambiri ndi zinthu zina zopindulitsa. Zochizira, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza matenda osachiritsika.

Mukabzala chomera mchidebe, ndikofunikira kupanga dzenje kuti madziwo azitha, ndipo timiyala tating'onoting'ono timakutidwa ndiutali wa masentimita 3-5.Pamene chidebe chimadzaza ndi dothi losakanikirana labwino: magawo atatu a nthaka yokhazikika kapena gawo limodzi la mchenga.

Guayava womwazika ndi mbewu zomwe zimayenera kusungidwa atakhwima ndi kufesedwa nthawi yomweyo, komanso masamba obiriwira otsekemera ndi odulidwa. Kuyambira mbewu zimayamba kubereka zipatso mchaka chachisanu, komanso kuchokera ku zodula ndi zodula mchachitatu. Guayava siziwonongeka ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, imakula ndipo mowolowa manja imabala zipatso mpaka zaka 30 mpaka 40. Imafunika kuilowetsa zaka 2-3 zilizonse kukhala chidebe chachikulu chophatikizira ndi zosakanikirana zachonde.

Pali mitundu ina ya guayaia (zipatso za peyala, Guinean, zonunkhira bwino, zobala zipatso za ma apulo) zomwe zimatha kudaliranso mumipanda, ngakhale zina mwa izo zimaphukira ndipo sizimabala zipatso kawirikawiri m'magawo (zimakonda kwambiri kutentha ndipo zimapereka zipatso zokha pamalo obiriwira otentha ndi malo obiriwira, chifukwa chakuchita bwino Kukula ndi kubereka kumafunikira kutentha kwa + 25 ... + 28 ° C ndi kuyatsa kwabwino). Nthawi zambiri, mitunduyi imayamba kubala chipatso kuchokera mu mbewu mchaka chachisanu ndi chiwiri, kuchokera ku zigawo - mpaka chachinayi mpaka chachisanu, zimakondanso chinyezi komanso dothi labwino chonde.

Kuchokera pa zipatso zamtundu uliwonse wa guava, ma compotes, zoteteza, marmalade, jams amakonzedwa, ndipo amathanso kuwotcha zosaphika.