Vuto losamalira pakhomo la Violet ndi kufalitsa masamba

Violet kapena Saintpaulia ndi mtundu wa banja la a Gesneriev. Chimamera m'mapiri a East Africa. Zinapezeka ndi wasayansi Saint-Paul, yemwe ulemu wake udatchedwa. Mpaka pano, mitundu yambiri imaletseka kuchokera ku mbewu iyi, yomwe ili ponseponse m'minda yamaluwa.

Zambiri

Violet ndiwosakhazikika bwino, wokhala ndi tsinde lalifupi kwambiri komanso masamba ambiri amtundu. Maluwa ndi ochepa, osavuta, omwe ali ndi burashi. Kusankhidwa kwamakono kunatha kubereketsa mitundu yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a ma petals.

M'malo mwake, senpolia yamkati sindiye violet konse, imatchedwa choncho chifukwa chofanana ndi nkhalango ya violet ndi tricolor - mapayipi, makamaka amachokera m'mabanja osiyanasiyana.

Mapangidwe a senpolis ndi ovuta, chifukwa chake timangopereka mawonekedwe wamba. Makhalidwe omwe ma violets amagawana ndi awa: mtundu wa kutulutsa, kukula kwake, mtundu wa masamba, mtundu wa maluwa ndi utoto wake, komanso kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya mafelesi.

Mitundu yambiri yamakono ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi maofesi wamba a chipinda, ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana masamba, ndipo ma petals ndi ofanana ndi oboola kapena pawiri.

Pakati pa mitundu yokhala ndi zokongoletsera zapamwamba ndizodziwika Maduwa, amadeus, chitumbuwa chozizira, loto la cinderella, Isadora, angelica, lithuanian ndi ena.

Ndipo apa fungo lonunkhira ndi nthumwi ya ma violets enieni, osati senpole. Ndipo Alpine violet kwenikweni ndi cyclamen.

Chisamaliro chanyumba

Kusamalidwa bwino kwa nyalugwe kumathandiza kusangalala ndi maluwa ake pafupifupi chaka chonse.

Ma Senpoli amakonda kwambiri kuwala, koma sangathe kuyikidwa pakulowera dzuwa. Sizowopsa ngati kuwala kuwawalira m'mawa kapena madzulo, koma dzuwa litatembenukira kwa iwo masana, masamba adzatentha.

Kuti maluwa atulutsa bwino, amafunikira maola pafupifupi 13. Ngati lamuloli likawonedwa, maluwa amatha kukwaniritsidwa ngakhale nthawi yozizira.

Mtambo ukamira pa thermometer yomwe ili pansi pa 15 ° C, senpolia imaleka kukula. M'chilimwe, kutentha kwambiri kwa duwa kudzakhala 24 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, matenthedwe amatha kutsika pang'ono, koma osakhala pansi pamawuwo.

Komanso, kutentha kwakumalumpha ndi zojambula siziyenera kuloledwa. Chifukwa cha izi, senpolia ndibwino kuti isatenge nthawi yotentha.

Violet amafunikira chinyezi chachikulu, koma simungathe kupeza madzi paz masamba ndi inflorescence.

Kuthekera kokweza muyenera kutola kakang'ono. Ngati mumphika muli malo ochulukirapo, nkhalangozi sizimatulutsa mpaka mutadzaza mizu. Chomera ichi, miphika ya pulasitiki yaying'ono ndiyabwino kwambiri, kukula kwake kuyenera kukhala kakang'ono katatu kupatula kutulutsa.

Ground for violets

Mavuto wamba m'nyumba samatulutsa nthaka mwachangu, koma mosiyanasiyana muyenera kusankha gawo loyenerera. Mutha kugula m'sitolo, kapena mutha kudzipanga nokha posakaniza gawo la gawo la tinthu tating'onoting'ono, magawo awiri a tsamba, ndi humus ndi mchenga umodzi. Muyenera kuwonjezera supuni ya superphosphate ndi chakudya chamfupa.

Koma koposa zonse, dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso acidic pang'ono. Danga lonyowa liyenera kuyikidwa pansi pa mphika.

Kuthirira violets

Mukabzala, duwa limayikidwa pakati pa chidebe ndipo pang'onopang'ono limadzaza ndi dziko lapansi, kotero kuti palibe chotsalira. Mutabzala, thirirani chomera.

Kuthirira violets sikofunikira nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi kamodzi kwa masiku 7-10. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito kuthirira pansi. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi osalala, otentha.

Ziwawa zimatha, ndipo ngati masamba adetsedwa, akhoza kuthiridwa ndi kutsukidwa. Koma asanachite izi, duwa liyenera kuchotsedwa pawindo. Pambuyo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kapena kusamba, munthu sayenera kuthamangira kuyikapo njuchi m'malo mwake - kudikirira mpaka kuuma, apo ayi mawanga adzayamba kuphuka.

Feteleza wa violets

Komanso, senpolia imafunikira kuti umuna. Kuti muchite izi, tengani mavalidwe ovuta apamwamba, omwe amayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi yowonjezera unyinji wobiriwira. Feteleza kupitiriza mpaka isanayambike dormancy, pafupipafupi - kamodzi masiku 10 ndi kuthirira.

Alangizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wocheperako kuposa momwe amanenedwera.

Violet kumuika kunyumba

Indoor violets amafunika kumuika pachaka, chifukwa amadzaza nthaka pachaka. Poterepa, muyenera kusinthira mphika pokhapokha mutazindikira kuti duwa lilibe malo okwanira (masamba ofota, maluwa ofooka).

Ndikwabwino kufalitsa mbewu kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndikusinthika, kuti mizu yake siyakukhudzidwa.

Nipping violets

Ziwawa ndizabwino kuphatikiza, koma kuti awonjezere kukongoletsa kwake ayenera kutsina. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa masamba otsika. Zitha kudulidwa ndi petioles, chifukwa zimangotha msanga ndipo zimangotenga mphamvu kuchokera ku duwa. Muyeneranso kuthana ndi ulesi wama inflorescences ndi masamba oyipa komanso achikasu.

Nthawi zina Sinthani mbewu kuti chitsamba chimere chimodzimodzi.

Pang'onopang'ono, mutachotsa masamba am'munsi, thunthu la senpolia lidzaonekera ndipo m'kupita kwa nthawi limayamba kuwonekera. Kuti duwa likhale lokongola, monga kale, mutha kulisintha ndikukulitsa thunthu mu dothi kapena kudula masamba onse, ndikungotsala masentimita angapo okha.

Pambuyo pa izi, chitsa chomwe chatsala ndikudula chimayikidwa m'madzi mpaka muzu utapangidwa ndikuwoka m'nthaka, potero chomera china chimapezeka.

Kufalikira kwa ma violets padera

Senpolia ingafalitsidwe ndi njere, nthochi ndi tsamba. Njira yambewu sikugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha zovuta zake, komanso chifukwa chakuti, duwa limataya masinthidwe amtundu ndipo mutha kulandira mavalo wamba.

Ngati mbewu yanu yakula kwambiri ndipo ma rosette atsopano ayamba kupanga, ndiye kuti amafunika kupatulidwa ndikubzalidwa muzinthu zina. Mutha kuchita magawidwe ngakhale maluwa.

Kufalitsa masamba a Violets

Njira yofala komanso yophweka ndikumakula kwa violets kuchokera ku tsamba. Kuti muchite izi, tengani tsamba lolimba ndi petiole ndikuyika madzi kuti apange mizu. Koma mutha kuyesa yomweyo kubzala tsamba mu gawo la mchenga, dothi la pepala ndi peat (4: 2: 1). Chidebe ichi chimakutidwa ndi galasi ndikutenthetsedwa ndikuwunika bwino, koma kuti mphezi zachindunji zisagwere pachidebe.

Nthawi zina dothi limafunikira kuthirira, koma kungoti lonyowa pang'ono. Zimachitika kuti pepalali limayamba kuzimiririka kapena silisintha konse. Izi zikachitika, palibe chifukwa chothamangira ndikutaya zinthu - nthawi zina zimatenga nthawi yayitali kupanga chomera chatsopano.

Ngati mawonekedwe a masamba achichepere, tsamba lakale lili bwino, ndiye kuti liyenera kudulidwa. Pambuyo pake, mutha kuyesanso kuzigwiritsanso ntchito kuti mukhale ndi kubereka kachiwiri.

Mukazika tsamba mu nthaka, ndiye kuti simungathe kuwona momwe mizu imapangidwira, koma kuthamanga kwa mawonekedwe awo ndi mwayi wopezeka ndi violet yatsopano ukuwonjezeka.

Matenda Achiwawa

Mitundu yamtundu wa senpolia imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda, koma mitundu yokhala ndi mitundu yambiri ilibe mphamvu pankhaniyi.

Chimodzi mwazofala kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza ma violets ndi powdery mildew. Imadziwoneka yokha mu zovala zoyera paz masamba azomera. Ngati matenda atapezeka, tikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito Fundazole kapena Bentlan.
Mochedwa kumapangitsa kuti kuzizika kwa mizu ndi mapangidwe a bulauni mawanga pa masamba. Zomera zikadwala, ziyenera kuwonongedwa ndipo chidebe chomwe chidakuliramo chimayenera kuti chisalemo.
Gray zowola zimapanga timiyala tathupi la mbewu. Ngati pali aliyense amene apezeka, ayenera kudulidwa kaye ndipo fungoser ikachiritsidwa. Nthaka yomwe mbewu zodwala zidakula sizitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Furaziosis imawoneka ndi chinyezi chambiri. Zimatsogolera kuola kwa tsinde ndi petioles za masamba. Ngati mukuzindikira zizindikiro izi, mankhwalawa ndi fungus.
Dzimbiri limawoneka ngati masamba ang'onoang'ono a lalanje pamasamba. Pochiritsa duwa, gwiritsani ntchito 1% yankho la mkuwa wamkuwa.

Tizilombo ta violets

Pakati pa tizirombo ta ma peyala, nkhupakupa ndizowopsa kwambiri. Zimakhudzidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya majeremusi awa. Ngati tizirombo tikapezeka, ma cobwebs pamasamba kapena zilembo zofiirira zimawoneka kuti sizingadye, gwiritsirani ntchito maluwa ndi acaricide.
Komanso "alendo" omwe amakhala pafupipafupi ndi nkhanu, zomwe zimasiyira madzi owuma pamasamba. Ngati chizindikiro chapezeka, gwiritsani ntchito duwa ndi Agravertin.
Kupindika kumawononga masamba ndi maluwa. Ngati zilonda mu senpolia yanu, ndiye kuti maluwa onse ayenera kudulidwa, ndipo chomeracho chikuyenera kulandira chithandizo ndi Actara.
Duwa lanu litagundidwa ndi nematode, ndiye kuti lidzavunda. Njirayi imafanana ndi matenda a imvi zowola, koma mutapezeka ndi nematode, palibe fangayi. Ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi tiziromboti, mbewuyo imawonongeka.