Mwa mitundu 75 yodziwika ya maluwa a knizofia omwe amatha kuwoneka ku South ndi Central Africa ndi Madagascar, ena amakula m'mapiri motalika kwambiri - mpaka 4 km kuchokera pagombe.
Mwa akatswiri odziwa zamalonda dziko lathu lino sagwirizana chilichonse ngati nkosavuta kapena nkovuta kulima mbewu zosatha izi munthawi yathu, koma omwe adachita izi adayang'ana chithumwa chawo chonse. Kwa madera apakati a Russian Federation, imodzi yokha, yokhazikika kwambiri, mitundu ndiyoyenera mwachindunji - Tukka knifofiya.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Knifofiya mabulosi - Mitundu yodziwika, mitundu yambiri ochokera ku South Africa. Amadziwika ndi kukula kwakukulu (mpaka 2 metres), xiphoid greenish-green masamba (kutalika kwa 50 cm). M'madera akutali, maluwa amapaka utoto wofiirira, m'munsi m'munsi amakhala achikasu.
Mapeto a maluwa amaphatikizidwa ndi kupachikidwa kwawo. Kutalika kwa kachulukidwe kowoneka ngati kanyamaka kamakhala ngati masentimita 25. Maluwa amatenga masiku 50-60, kuyambira Julayi.
Magulu otsatirawa a mabulosi knizofia ndi otchuka kwambiri:
- Knifofia flamenco utali wa mita imodzi, wokhala ndi ma inflorescence ofiira ngati chikasu;
- Knifofiya popsicle kutalika komweko komanso mtundu wosazungulira wa inflorescence (utoto wachikasu pansipa, lalanje kapena coral ofiira pamwamba);
- Knifofiya wodabwitsika ma flaulo okhala ndi pinki yakuda yowala (mbali zotsika za maluwa) ndi ma kirimu achikasu (kumtunda).
Zophatikiza Knifophia imaphatikizapo mndandanda woyenera wa mitundu ndi mitundu yochokera ku mabulosi knifofiya.
Zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo:
- Knifofia alcazar 90 masentimita okwera, okhala ndi malalanje inflorescence;
- Mlendo waku Knifofiya waku Africa omwe ali osakaniza burgundy, maroon, chikasu ndi pinki inflorescence, mpaka mita 1.2 kutalika;
- Knifofiya bengal moto kukula komweko, kokhala ndi ma inflorescence achichepere ofiira, achikaso ndi achikasu a mawonekedwe a sultanate kapena mawonekedwe;
- Knifofia Fleming Torch mpaka 60 cm kutalika, kukhala ndi maluwa ofiira;
- Knifophia Chodabwitsa kuposa mita yayitali, ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono ofiira owoneka ngati malalanje kapena opindika ngati maluwa (otembenukira chikasu patatha maluwa).
Knifofiya Tukka Ndiwo mtundu womwe umagwirizana kwambiri ndi nyengo zosakhazikika, zomwe, zomwe zimakula pafupifupi mita imodzi, zimapatsidwa chisanu ndi kutentha komanso kukana kusintha kwakuthupi kwa kutentha.
Masipika ake a inflorescence, okhala ndi maluwa ofiira owala, amafika kutalika kwa 20 cm, masamba - 40. knizofiya limamasula pafupifupi mwezi kuyambira chiyambi mu Julayi. Amavomerezedwa kuti alime m'malo otentha.
Kubzala kwa Knifofiya ndi kusamalira poyera
Monga mbewu zina zonse zakunja, knifofiya adabwera m'minda yathu kuchokera kumayiko otentha. Pankhani imeneyi, kubzala ndi kumusamalira kuyenera kufotokozedwa mosamalitsa. Kupatula pa knizofia yemwe adatchulidwa kale, tukka amalimbikitsidwa kuti akhazikidwe kumadera akumwera, komwe nthawi yotentha imakhala yotentha ndipo nyengo yotentha imakhala yotentha komanso yochepa.
Mukamayandikira kumpoto, makamaka mumsewu wapakati, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti nthawi yachisanu izi zitheke. Malangizo pazosankha malo oyenera ndi kuyatsa kwabwino komanso kusapezeka kwa zolemba.
Eremurus ndi membala wa banja la Asphodel. Chimakula nthawi yobzala ndi chisamaliro poyera popanda zovuta, malinga ndi malamulo aulimi. Mutha kupeza malingaliro onse ofunikira m'nkhaniyi.
Kuthirira Knifofiya
Pofika nyengo yakula, muyenera kukonzekera kuthilira ndi mfundo zambiri za knifofiya kuti maluwa ake ndi opusa, komanso masamba ake ndi abwino.
Ndikwabwino kuchita izi m'mawa, kuonetsetsa kuti masiku 4-7 apita. Osakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri, chomera chonsecho chimalekerera bwino.
Knifophia primer
Zofunikira zadothi ndizachuma, chinyezi komanso mpweya wabwino. Kusunthika kwa madzi kumakhala kotsimikizika, chifukwa chinyontho nthawi zambiri chimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mizu.
Komanso, dothi lamchenga lotseguka bwino limangolandilidwa, ndipo mutha kupewa kuchulukana kwambiri kwa chinyontho mwakuyika nthaka pang'onopang'ono pa tsinde ndi miyala ing'onoing'ono kapena miyala.
Kuyika kwa Knifofiya
Kuika kumachitika pokhapokha ngati pali zovuta ndi kukula, kapena pali matenda.
Kwa knifofii njirayi imakhala yopweteka kwambiri, ndipo popanda chadzidzidzi siyichita.
Feteleza wa knifofiya
Kudyetsa pafupipafupi kumathandizira kukulitsa maluwa ndikuthandizira kukula.
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, muyenera kudyetsa ndi feteleza wovuta, ndipo musanabzala muyenera kuwonjezera michere (m'tsogolomo, kuyambitsa kwake sikungakhale kopanda pake - chaka chilichonse kumapeto kwa chaka). Maluwa atangotha, feteleza wa potashi kapena phulusa zimayambitsidwa.
Kniphofia pokonza
Kudulira mukamakula poyera ndikofunikira. Izi zimachitika kumayambiriro kasupe pambuyo poti zofunda zichotsedwa. Pakudulira, masamba onse achikasu ndi ozizira amachotsedwa.
Maluwa atatha, maluwa amapunthidwa mpaka muzu, osalabadira njere (palibe phindu lililonse potola mbewu za mitundu yosakanizidwa, popeza mitundu ya zipatso za amayi siinatenge).
Maluwa knifofiya
Duwa la Knifofiya ndilopadera! Masamba amatulutsa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo amatha kuyamba kuchokera kumiyeso yotsika kapena kuchokera kumtunda, kutengera mitundu ndi mitundu. Chodabwitsa china cha inflorescence yake ndi kuthekera kwawo kosintha utoto.
Mtundu uliwonse / mitundu imakhala ndi mtundu woyambirira (mwachitsanzo, wofiyira), womwe umasinthika kukhala wina (mwachitsanzo, lalanje), koposa apo, nthawi zina kupitilira kamodzi.
Knifofiya nyengo yachisanu
M'madera osiyanasiyana a nyengo, nthawi yozizira ya knizofia amakonzedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kummwera, imatha kukolola pokhapokha pokhapokha poti pakhala pobisalirako. Amayamba kukonzekera kugwa, kumangiriza masamba kuti chinyontho chisalowe m'matumba, ndikuwaza ndi masamba.
Amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito nthambi za spruce ndi kutchingira mafilimu, koma pomaliza pake, mabowo olowera mpweya uyenera kupangidwa popanda kulephera, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina amangokhala osakanikiza filimuyo pansi ndikuwoneka ngati mipata. Njira izi zidzakulitsa kulolerana kwazizira ndi mbewu mpaka -15 ℃.
Kumpoto, mulimonse momwe zingathekere kusiya knifofiya panja panja nthawi yozizira - amakuumba, ndikuyika mu chidebe chokhala ndi michere komanso gawo labwino lamadzimadzi, kenako ndikusunthira kuchipinda. Kutentha m'nyengo yozizira pankhaniyi kumasungidwa pa +8 ℃. Kubwerera komwe kumachitika kumachitika poti pakhale nyengo yofunda, pomwe kuwopseza kobwerera kuzizira kudutsa kwathunthu.
Knifofiya akukula kuchokera kumbewu
Njira yakukula kwa knifofiya imaphatikizapo kugulidwa kwa mbeu zatsopano pazifukwa ziwiri:
- Poyamba, mbewu yochokera kumwera siyigwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mbewu zomwe zimatha kukhwima pakatikati.
- Kachiwiri, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mitundu yosakanizidwa ya Knifofiya silipatsira machitidwe awo kudzera m'mbewu.
Kufesa njira zochitira kumapeto kwa Marichi kapena koyambirira kwa Epulo. Kuti muchite izi, musagwiritse ntchito zinthu zakuya zosadzazidwa ndi dothi losalala komanso lopepuka. Kukula sikufunikira, njere zimangogawidwa pamtunda ponyowa, ndikuwaza pang'ono, ndikufundidwa ndi filimu ndikuyika malo otentha komanso owala.
Kuwombera kuyenera kuwonekera pakadutsa masabata awiri. Nthawi ndi nthawi mukakweza filimuyo, mumatha kuzolowera mbewuzo pang'onopang'ono, ndipo masamba atatu ngati akuwonekera, ayenera kuwokedwa mumiphika yosiyana.
Kufalitsa kwa knifophia pogawa chitsamba
Kuberekera ndi kugawanitsa zitsamba ndikoyenera kwambiri pakatikati pa Russian Federation. Ngakhale mbewuzo sizoyenera, cholembedwa chogawidwa chitha kusangalatsa chaka chamawa ndikubera kwamaluwa.
Gawoli limatengedwa kale kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi, kukumba chomera cha kholo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mpeni wakuthwa kupatutsa zovala za mwana wamkazi zomwe zimapangidwira masamba am'munsi. Dengalo limawuma pang'ono, ndikukonkhedwa ndi makala ndipo patatha maola ochepa chomera chimabzalidwa pamalo osatha.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Zovuta za knifophia ziyeneranso kuphatikizira chiwopsezo chachikulu. Mukamatsatira malamulo onse a chisamaliro, sizotheka kudwala, komabe, pali zovuta zochepa zowonongeka ndi masamba ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zikatero, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawo kumakupulumutsa. Apanso, tiyenera kudziwa kuti kudula kwamadzi m'nthaka kumachulukitsa chiopsezo chakukula kwa mizu, komwe fungicides amathandizira kuchotsa osakula kwambiri madigiri (mbewu zodwala ziyenera kuchotsedwa m'munda wamaluwa nthawi yomweyo kupewa matenda oyandikana nawo).
