Gimenokallis (Hymenocallis) anabweretsedwa ku mayiko aku Europe pafupifupi zaka 200 zapitazo, Latin America imadziwika kuti ndi kwawo. Duwa lakuthengo limamera m'malo ovuta kufikako ndipo chifukwa chake silinaphunzitsidwe mokwanira ndi akatswiri olima maluwa. Amasiyana ndi mbewu zina zofananira kuchokera ku banja la Amaryllis la hymenocallis ndi mawonekedwe ake osazolowereka masamba ndi maluwa oyera osalimba omwe ali ndi fungo lapadera. Mwa mitundu yambiri, yotchuka kwambiri ndi hymenocallis ya ku Carribean, yomwe imapezeka ku Antilles, koma Coastal, Chosangalatsa, ndi Broadleaf hymenocallis siotchuka kwambiri.
Kudzala Gimenokallis
Gimenokallis amapulumuka bwino ponseponse komanso kunyumba mumphika wamba wamaluwa. Duwa limawonedwa ngati lopanda tanthauzo, chifukwa limatha kukula pafupifupi nyengo iliyonse (nthawi yotentha).
Kukula hymenocallis mumphika
Mukamakulitsa hymenocallis mumphika wamkati, ndikofunikira kuti muwone kulimbikitsa kwa odziwa zamaluwa:
- Mu Okutobala - Novembala, kuchuluka kwa kuthilira kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, kukonzekera mbewuyo kuti ikhale nthawi yotsika, yomwe ikhala pafupifupi miyezi itatu.
- Mukaponya masamba mu nthawi yophukira, ndikulimbikitsidwa kusinthira dimba lake m'chipinda chozizira chakuda ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 10 mpaka 12 ndikuwasiya osavutikira mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February.
- Sabata yomaliza ya mwezi wa Febere, Gimenocallis abwezeretsedwanso kuchipinda chowala, ndikuthilira ndikuyamba pang'ono, pang'ono ndi pang'ono; tsamba limayamba pafupifupi mwezi umodzi.
Kukula kwakunja kwa gimenokallis
Musanadzalemo mababu a hymenocallis panthaka, ndikofunikira kuti iwo amere. Kuti muchite izi, mudzafunika mabokosi ofunikira kapena mapoto amtundu wina (makapu apulasitiki ang'onoang'ono angagwiritsidwe ntchito) okhala ndi mabowo otulutsa ndi osakaniza a dothi opangidwa ndi kupindika kwa peat komanso matanda. Mababu amayikidwa mumakontena okonzeka ndi dothi akuya pafupifupi masentimita 5 kwa masiku 15-20. Kutentha koyenerera - osaposa kutentha kwa 15 madigiri.
Mababu ophuka amalimbikitsidwa kuti abzalidwe pamabedi a maluwa koyambirira kwa Meyi, nyengo yofunda ikakhazikitsidwa ndipo nthaka yake imawotha bwino. Tsambali liyenera kusankhidwa dzuwa, ndi nyali zazitali kwambiri masana.
Ndikofunika kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi othirira, chifukwa kusowa chinyezi m'nthaka kumachedwetsa maluwa, ndipo owonjezera azizunza muzu wa mbewu. Mutha kukumba miyala yaying'ono pafupi ndi maluwa ndikuthirira.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa feteleza wa mineral kumachitika mu nthawi ya kukula nthawi kuchuluka kwa 3-4. Koma humus ndi manyowa ngati feteleza ndi osayenera, chifukwa amatha kuvulaza mbewu.
Kusamalira hymenocallis kunyumba
Malo ndi kuyatsa
Kuwala ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa hymenocallis, chifukwa chake iyenera kukhala yowala, yochulukirapo komanso yayitali. Chojambula pawindo chomwe chili kum'mwera kwa nyumbayo ndioyenera kwambiri. M'chilimwe, mmera umakhala wabwino panja (m'munda wakutsogolo kapena khonde), ndipo nthawi yophukira-nthawi yachisanu ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kuwunikira kowonjezerapo. Nyali zamasana zimatha kupanga kuchepa kwa kuwunikira kwakanthawi kochepa masana.
Kutentha
Nthawi yakula, gimenokallis imamera pa kutentha 18 mpaka 21 digiri Celsius, ndipo itatha maluwa, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kutentha kwa mbewuyo (5 mpaka 15 digiri Celsius). Zomera zobzala ziyenera kusungidwa pa madigiri 9-10 kuposa zero.
Kuthirira
Pothirira pa hymenocallis, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okhazikika ndipo kuthirira kwina kuyenera kuchitika pokhapokha kuyanika pang'ono kwa dothi losakaniza mumphika ndi chomera. Kuuma kwa matope osaloledwa sikuyenera kuloledwa, chifukwa izi zimakhudza mawonekedwe okongoletsa a mbewu. Masamba amasiya kufewa ndikuyamba kuzimiririka.
Kuthirira kuyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi, koma pang'ono voliyumu, ndipo pambuyo maluwa amalimbikitsidwa kuti adule.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Panthawi yogwira komanso kukulitsa kwa hymenocallis ya mkati, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzidyetsa masiku onse a 7-10, ndipo nthawi yopumula, feteleza umodzi pamwezi ndi wokwanira.
Thirani
Kujambulidwa kwa Gimenokallis kumachitika pokhapokha pa nthawi yopuma ya maluwa, kutanthauza miyezi yophukira-yozizira. Zomera ziyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri, zimapereka nthawi kuti zithirime dothi ndikuchotsa duwa pang'onopang'ono. Tulutsani babuyo m'nthaka, yang'anani, ndipo ngati ndi kotheka, dulani mbali zowongolazo, ndikuwathandiza m'malo omwe adadutsawo ndi kaboni yoyambitsa.
Chidebe chatsopanocho chiyenera kukhala chachikulu kukula kuposa chimbuyacho. Pansi limakutidwa ndi dongo lotukulidwa, kenako ndikudzazidwa ndi gawo lina lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi.
Kubalana kwa Hymenocallis
Pakufalitsa kwinanso kwamaluwa amkati a hymenocallis, mababu ang'onoang'ono omwe angopangidwa kumene kuzungulira chachikuluwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amawonekera patatha zaka 3-4 mutabzala.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Matenda m'maluwa amkati nthawi zambiri amapezeka chifukwa chosasamalidwa bwino. Izi zitha kukhala zopanda kapena zochuluka chinyezi, feteleza, kuyatsa ndi kutentha kosayenera.
Anthracnosis ndi matenda omwe amapezeka pamene kutentha kwa mpweya m'chipindacho komanso chinyezi chambiri kukwera. Madontho akuda ndi mawanga a bulauni akhungu amapezeka patsamba. M'pofunika kuchotsa masamba onse odwala, kubwezeretsa nyengo kuti ikhale yachilendo, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi othirira ndikuchepetsa kuthirira, komanso kuchitira duwa ndi fungicide.
Staganospore - imadziwonetsera pamtengowo mu mawonekedwe a madontho ofiira ndi madontho pamasamba. Ndikofunikira kupopera pogwiritsa ntchito foundationazole (pafupifupi 4-5 magalamu 2 malita a madzi).
Zovuta pakukula kwa hymenocallis
- Zikatulutsa chikasu pamasamba, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuyatsa, ngati kuli kotheka - kukonzanso mbewuyo kumalo ena.
- Ndi kufota ndi kutsika kwa tsamba la chomera, muyenera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzi othirira nthawi yothirira ndikuwonjezera chinyezi.
Gimenokallis idzakusangalatsani ndi maluwa onunkhira bwino komanso fungo lokongola pokhapokha ngati atapangira nyengo yabwino.
Mitundu yotchuka ya hymenocallis
Carribe Hyallocallis (Hymenocallis caribaea) - chikhalidwe cha bulb ndi inflorescence yayikulu ya maluwa 6-12. Nthawi yamaluwa okangalika ndi miyezi yozizira.
Gimenocallis pagombe (Hymenocallis littoralis) - chomera chomwe chili ndi mitengo yolunjika ya maluwa ndi maluwa, ofanana kwambiri ndi ma daffodils. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina yokhala ndi masamba a mthunzi wosazolowereka - wobiriwira wakuda wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yotuwa.
Hymenocallis wosangalatsa (Hymenocallis festalis) - chikhalidwe chokhala ndi masamba akulu a emerald hue (pafupifupi masentimita 7 mulifupi ndi 40 cm kutalika). Maluwa amachitika kawiri pachaka - mkati mwa chilimwe komanso koyambilira kwa nyundo.
Hymenocallis wideleaf (Hymenocallis latifolia) - therere lambiri ndi maluwa osalala, limafika kutalika pafupifupi mita. Masamba ambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa emerald wokongola.
