Manyowa a nkhumba ndi chida chokonzera chakudya m'mimba m'matumbo a nkhumba. Manyowa a nkhumba ngati feteleza ali ndi katundu wambiri, wothandiza komanso wosathandiza kwambiri, kapenanso woopsa kwambiri, chomwe ndi chifukwa chake amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala.
Chochulukacho cha manyowa a nkhumba ndi kupezeka kwake ndi machulukidwe ake okhala ndi michere ndi zinthu monga nayitrogeni.
Tisaiwale za kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera ku manyowa a ng'ombe: nkhumba zimakhala ndi asidi wambiri. Izi ndichifukwa choti njira zomwe zimasokoneza ma asidi kukhala zinthu zina zofunikira siziperekedwa mgulu la nyama. Chifukwa chake, timagawa malowa kukhala othandiza komanso ovulaza.
Zothandiza ndi monga:
- chakudya chopatsa thanzi;
- machulukitsidwe ndi zinthu za nayitrogeni;
- zabwino;
- chimayendetsa bwino kutentha.
Machulukitsidwe okha omwe ali ndi zidulo ndi nthawi yayitali kuwonongeka kuposa mitundu ina ya chimbudzi angayesedwe kuti ndi oyipa.
Momwe mungagwiritsire manyowa a nkhumba
Chochita ndi manyowa a nkhumba, ngati alipo ambiri? Inde, muyenera kuigwiritsa ntchito, koma mosamala komanso moyenera. Choyamba, ziyenera kudziwika kuti manyowa a nkhumba ndi:
- zatsopano
- theka-lowola (theka-lowola);
- kuvunda;
- humus.
Iliyonse mwa mayiko awa ili ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Manyowa atsopano
Manyowa atsopano ndiowopsa kugwiritsa ntchito, chifukwa amakhala ndi asidi komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu za nayitrogeni. Zaka zake zimakhala mpaka miyezi 6. Mukathira manyowa ndi manyowa oterewa, azunzika chifukwa cha kuwotcha kwa asidi ndi nayitrogeni, ndipo dothi limatha kukhala losayenera kukula kwawo kwanthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya zambiri zimatsala ndikubzala mbewu zomwe sizinawonongeke zitha kubowola nthaka, ndipo mazira a majeremusi ndi owopsa kwa nyama ndi zoweta.
Ngati mukufunikira kuthira manyowa m'nthaka, ndiye kuti manyowa atsopano amatha kusakanikirana ndi lime pang'ono, komanso osakanikirana ndi manyowa a ng'ombe kapena manyowa akavalo pakukula kwa 1: 1.
Amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa atsopano mchaka kapena nthawi yophukira pomwe mbewuzo sizinabzalidwe. Kulowetsa dothi ndi manyowa oterowo kulibe kupatula. Kuchita izi sikungochepetsa acidity ndi kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni, komanso kuwononga mitundu yambiri ya majeremusi. Ngati mukufuna kuthira nthaka - ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa a mahatchi, kapena ng'ombe. Chifukwa chake, palibe mbewu sizipanga manyowa atsopano a nkhumba.
Manyowa owola
Amanama kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka chaka chimodzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa a nkhumba osakhwima kuli koopsa kale kuzomera ndi dothi, komabe kumafunikira kusamala. Imakhala yonyowa ndipo imakhala ndi asidi ndi nitrogen ambiri. Gwiritsani ntchito, ndikuwonjezera pang'ono m'nthaka mukugwa, kwinaku mukukumba.
Manyowa ozungulira
Ayenera kugona choposa chaka. Zowonjezera zoterezi ndizothandiza, zimataya pafupifupi 50% ya kulemera kwake, sizidzakhalanso zochulukirapo ndi nayitrogeni, ndipo ma Acid ambiri adzasungunuka kukhala zinthu zofunikira, mbewu za udzu zidzawola, ndipo majeremusi adzafa. Komabe, izi akadali feteleza wophatikiza, yemwe akuyenera kuwonjezeredwa pa pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 5-6 a feteleza pa 1 mita imodzi.
Zitatha izi, musagwiritse ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni, nayitrogeni mumizere yovunda idzakwanira!
Humus
Ndi feteleza wabwino kwambiri wachilengedwe. Kuti manyowa a nkhumba akhale humus, amafunika kugona mumulu wa mulu kapena mu kompositi kwa zaka zoposa ziwiri. Makhalidwe a humus ndi oyenera kwambiri kuvala dothi: kukhathamiritsa, kupukusa kutentha, kusapezeka kwa tiziromboti ndi helminth, kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni, komanso kuchuluka kwa ma asidi, komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu.
Kodi ndizotheka kupeza humus mwachangu kuposa zaka 2?
Mutha kutero. Ndipo pali njira zingapo zakwaniritsira cholinga ichi.
Choyamba, sakanizani manyowa a nkhumba ndi manyowa oweta kapena mahatchi. Izi zimachepetsa mapangidwe a humus mpaka 1.5 kapena kuchepera.
Kachiwiri, kuphatikiza kwa utuchi ndi phulusa:
- kuchepetsa nthawi ndi kuchepetsa acidity wa zinyalala;
- kudula kwa namsongole;
- kusintha kagayidwe kachakudya ndi kufufuza zinthu;
- onjezerani kukongola kwa zinthu zomalizidwa.
Potere, manyowa a nkhumba ndi utuchi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ngati zinyalala zamitengo kapena ngati dothi.
Chachitatu, pali njira yodzala manyowa m'nthaka nthawi yachisanu. Kuti izi zitheke, ndikofunikira kuyala feteleza panthaka isanayambe nyengo yachisanu, ndikuwadzazanso ndi dothi kuchokera pamwamba. M'nyengo yozizira, adzapita kumayiko ena, omwe adzafupikitse nthawi yosintha. Njirayi imathandizanso pamabedi. Kukonza manyowa a nkhumba kumathamanga chifukwa cholumikizana ndi dothi komanso chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa, chomwe chimatsimikizira kuti kutentha kumatentha pakukangana ndikuwonongeka, komanso chinyezi chokwanira.
Sanjani mabedi. Thirani m'malo mwake kapena pakati pawo. Finyani pamwamba panthaka. Pakatikati, ndikofunikira kukumba mabedi ndikuwathira bwino, kuti dothi limalumikizana ndi manyowa. Nthawi yomweyo, mutha kuwonjezera phulusa yaying'ono yamasamba kuti muchepetse kukhatidwa kwa nthaka.
Zochita zofananazi zitha kuchitika ndi manyowa, kungoyiyika mu zigawo panthaka ndikupanga masamba kapena udzu. Musaiwale za kulumikizana kwa manyowa ndi dothi. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chokoka mphamvu, ndipo chithandizanso kuti pakhale chinyezi chambiri komanso chonde.
Maenje a kompositi ndi milu
Dzenje la manyowa ndi njira yodziwika bwino komanso imodzi mwazida zapamwamba kwambiri zopangira manyowa onyowa. Njira yakuchitira izi imatsimikiziranso kugwiritsidwa ntchito manyowa a nkhumba ngati feteleza wabwino. Phulusa laling'ono, laimu kapena superphosphate (5 makilogalamu pa 100 makilogalamu a manyowa) utha kuwonjezeredwa m'maenje a kompositi. Izi zimachepetsa acidity. Kulumikizana ndi dothi kumachepetsa nayitrogeni, koma mbewu siziyenera kubzalidwa mozungulira mulu kapena dzenje kwa zaka zingapo.
Manyowa ukuyaka
Ngati manyowa ndi owuma komanso abwino komanso kuthamanga ndikofunika kwa inu, osati kuchuluka kwake, ndiye kuti akhoza kuwotchedwa. Ndi njira yabwino kutaya manyowa a nkhumba. Momwemo zidzaperekedwa:
- kunyowa;
- kuwonongeka kwa mbewu za udzu, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi mazira a helminth;
- kuwonongeka kwa asidi;
- kuyesa kwa nayitrogeni.
Kuti mupindule kwambiri ndi phulusa lomwe linadza, manyowa a nkhumba amayenera kusakanikirana ndi masamba owuma, udzu kapena zitosi zahatchi. Izi si humus, koma m'malo mwake, pokhapokha pakufunika kachulukidwe ka feteleza wa nthaka. Amatha kuwazidwa ndi mabedi m'dzinja kapena koyambirira kwamasika. Phulusa limatha kusakanikirana ndi madzi (chikho 1 pa 10 malita a madzi) ndikuthirira mbewu.
Ndowe ya nkhumba imakhala ndi kusunthira kwakukulu kwambiri kwa kutentha ndi zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, njira iyi ndi yankho ku funso loti muziyika ndowe ya nkhumba ngati simukufuna ngati feteleza. Mafuta obwera ndi manyowa, osati nkhumba zokha, ali kale mu CIS.
Phulusa ili ndi feteleza wophatikizidwa. Kuphatikiza apo m'nthaka ndi yaying'ono kuti tipewe kusintha kwa asidi - zamchere. Ndikofunikanso kupanga kufufuzaku pamalowo. Palibe chifukwa muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa ili m'malo mwa phulusa la mitengo mukamapopera mbewu.
Kodi ndizotheka kuthira dimba ndi manyowa? Zachidziwikire. Komabe, musaiwale malingaliro omwe alembedwa kale.
