Adiantum ndi chomera chamtundu wotchedwa herbaceous, chomwe chimadziwika bwino ngati fern wa mkati wamkati. Masamba ndi mapini, opaka mawonekedwe, amitundu yosiyanasiyana kutengera mitundu. Koma podziwika ndi kubwezera kwamadzi. Madontho amadzi akuyenda pansi masamba samamwe. Kumbali yosiyana pali zilonda (zokhala ndi mabala owonda).
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Adiantum Venus Tsitsi - mtundu wamba. M'mbuyomu, adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala: decoction ya mizu adathandizira ndikuthothoka kwa tsitsi mwa akazi, kuwalimbikitsa kukula kwawo kwakukulu ndikupanga iwo kukhala olimba; Mankhwala oteteza ku matenda a chinjoka, komanso ochizira matenda a chiwindi. Masamba amakhala ndi pini pawiri, osalala-mawonekedwe. Kutalika kwa tsinde lililonse ndi 25-25 cm, ndipo m'lifupi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 10. Petiole ndi yopyapyala, yakuda komanso yonyezimira, mpaka 15 cm.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
- Adiantum Compactum - fern 35 cm kutalika;
- Adiantum Imbricatum - mini, osapitirira 15 cm;
- Adiantum Aleutikum - mpaka 12 cm kutalika, ndi 15-20 cm mulitali, imalekerera dzuwa bwino kuposa ma fern ena;
- Adiantum Japonikum - kutalika kwa zoterezi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 45, kutalika kwa kuthengo ndi pafupifupi masentimita 30. Akadali ang'onoang'ono, mphukira zimakhala ndi hue-pinki yamkuwa, yomwe pang'onopang'ono imasanduka yobiriwira.
Adiantum Wokongola - mawonekedwe okongoletsa. Masamba amakhala opendekera katatu ndipo kanayi kupinikiza, kutalika (mpaka 60 cm) ndi kutalika (mpaka 45 cm), ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Petiole kutalika 30-50 masentimita, ndi mawonekedwe oyipa.
Adiantum Sphenoid - imafanana ndi mawonekedwe okongola a adiantum, imasiyana ndi matsenga ooneka ngati C omwe amapezeka m'mphepete mwa m'mphepete mwa zigawo.
Adiantum Show kapena wopanda tsitsi Masamba a fern awa ali ndi mawonekedwe osyanasiyana, mbali zoyenda, mbali zoyipa mbali zonse ziwiri. Kukula kwa masamba ndi 1520 cm. Brown petiole masentimita 20-35. Sporangia spaced spider.
Adiantum ndi odekha kapena pinki Ali ndi masamba (kutalika kwa 70 cm) ndi mainchesi (40-50 cm) omwe amapindika katatu.
Adiantum Transparent masamba a cirrus (ena ndipo amapinira kawiri) amafika masentimita 40. Fern uyu ali ndi petiole woonda kwambiri mpaka 10-20 cm. Sporangia yooneka ngati impso ali pamphepete.
Adiantum Ruddy masamba a mawonekedwe opakika zitatu, atatu cirrus, 30-45 cm kutalika ndi 20-25 cm. Sporangia ndi semicircular, yomwe ili m'malo omata.
Chisamaliro chanyumba cha Adiantum
Monga fern ena, adiantum amakonda mthunzi. Dzuwa lolunjika limapha izi, masamba amasanduka achikaso ndikuuma. Izi sizitanthauza kuti zonse ziyenera kuyikidwa m'malo amdima, pomwepo zitha kutaya kukongoletsa kwake.
Chilichonse ndichopepuka, zenera lakumpoto kapena lakumawa ndichichita. Mutha kuyikanso patali kuchokera pawindo, mwachitsanzo, pamtondo. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kusunthira fern kuchokera kumalo ena kupita kwina kudzapwetekanso.
Kutentha kosangalatsa kumayambira pa 15-20 ° C. Popeza usiku mbewu imakonda kuzizira (pafupifupi 15 ° C), ndipo masana imatha kuwonjezereka (mpaka 20 ° C). Kukula kwambiri kapena kuchepa kwa kutentha kumatha kubweretsa matenda ndi kufa kwa mbewu.
Kuthirira Adiantum
M'nyengo yozizira, adiantum imakhala ndi nthawi yopumira. Pakadali pano, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata, ndipo nthawi yogwira ntchito komanso nthawi yotentha, kutentha, kuthirira kumachitika katatu pa sabata, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi okhazikika, ofewa.
Kuchepetsa chinyezi kumayambitsa kuzungulira kwa mizu. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mlengalenga muzikhala madzi amodzimodzi, koma madzi omwewo. M'nyengo yozizira, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachepetsedwa bwino kupewa mapangidwe a nkhungu.
Kudyetsa Adiantum
Feteleza amamugwiritsa ntchito ngati chovala pamwamba panthawi yogwira ntchito, kuonetsetsa kuti kuwala ndi kowala, kwamtambo masamba, komanso kulimbitsa mbewu yakeyo. Feteleza zachilengedwe ndizabwino kwambiri.
Kupatsira Adiantum
Kuika kumachitika pokhapokha pakufunika, posankha poto pang'ono (osati yayitali) kuposa yapita. Gawo laling'ono limasankhidwa mogwirizana ndi gawo: peat, humus, dothi la pepala ndi mchenga (1: 1: 1: 1). Zonsezi zikaphatikizidwa bwino, khungwa lochuluka ndi makala ena (limalowedwa nthawi zina) limawonjezeredwa. Dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira.
Kufalitsa mbewu za adiantum
Amaberekanso mbewu kumayambiriro kwa Marichi kapena Ogasiti, nthawi yomweyo zibonga zimakhwima. Kuti muchite izi, tsamba la fern limadulidwa ndikudula nthangala (zitha kusungidwa kwa zaka). Bzalani m'mabokosi okonzedwa ndi dothi.
Njirayi imawonedwa ngati yowononga nthawi, chifukwa nyengo zobiriwira zimawonedwa ngati zabwino. Fesani mabokosi ayenera kutentha (mpaka 20 ° C), wothira ndikuphimbidwa ndi galasi. Tsiku lililonse ndikofunikira kuchotsa galasi kuti mpweya wabwino.
Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, kukula kwachinyamata kumayamba kuonekera, ichi ndi chizindikiro kuti galasi likhoza kuchotsedwa ndipo mabokosi adasunthidwa kumalo opepuka. Chule zikamera pang'ono, zimadulidwa, ndikusiya zolimba, zomwe kenako amazidulira ndikuziyika mumphika wina. Mwanjira imeneyi, zonena zolimba kwambiri komanso zolimba kwambiri zimapezeka.
Kufalitsa kwa Adiantum pogawa chitsamba
Gawoli la chitsamba liyenera kugwiridwa mosamala, popanda kuwononga mbewuyo, popeza ndi yosalimba komanso yosalimba. Pakujambulira, mumafunikira njira yokhala ndi rhizome komanso impso ziwiri. Nthawi yobala, monga momwe mbewu ikuberekera.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
- Adiantum imagwirizana kwambiri ndi majeremusi osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake choyera kapena mealybugs chodabwitsa kwambiri, ndipo popeza kupopera mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala kumapangitsa chomera, ndibwino kuti tisalole matenda.
- Malangizo a masamba amauma ndipo (kapena) zimayambira zimaphwa - mpweya wowonjezera komanso (kapena) kutentha kwambiri, kusowa chinyezi. Tengani chomera pamalo ozizira ngati palibe njira yochepetsera kutentha ndikumapopera mbewu nthawi zambiri.
- Masamba amatembenuka ndi / kapena chikaso - dzuwa mwachindunji. Sunthani fernyo kutali ndi zenera (mamita angapo, pachimake) kapena kukhazikitsa chitetezo pazenera, ndikupatsirani kuwalitsa. Ndipo amatembenuka chikasu chifukwa chosowa chinyezi komanso kufunika kokadyetsa.
- Masamba ofiira komanso osakhwima - Kuchulukitsa kambiri panthawi imeneyi ndi kutentha kotsika. Poterepa, kuwola kwa mizu sikusowa.
- Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti nthawi yozizira, nthawi yotentha, chipindacho chikatentha kwambiri, ndipo chomera chimakhala pawindo kapena pafupi ndi zenera, pafupi ndi batri - The adiantum iyamba kutembenukira chikasu kwathunthu. Izi zikachitika, mutha kuyesa kuchotsa poto pamalo abwino komanso kutentha pafupifupi 18-20 ° C, ndikunyowetsa nthaka nthawi ndi nthawi. Ngati zonse zili mu dongosolo ndi mizu, ndiye kuti masamba atsopano awoneka.
- Ndili ndi mpweya wouma m'nyumba, adiantum imalowetsa kangaude. Zotsatira zake, ukonde wa kangaude umaonekera pamasamba, masamba amatuluka, kenako amatembenuka chikasu ndikugwa. Ndikofunikira kuchotsera ma capubs mwachangu ndikumatsuka pang'onopang'ono chomera pansi pa shawa yotentha komanso mtsogolo - onjezani chinyezi.
- Ngati masamba akupindika koma osaphwa - izi zitha kuwonetsa kuchepa kwa magazi kapena kupezeka kwa ntchito mkati mwa chinyezi kwambiri.
Mphamvu zakuchiritsa za adiantum
Masamba a Adiantum ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zofunikira, pakati pawo: triterpenoids, flavonoids, lipids, sodium, phenolcarboxylic acids ndi zotuluka zawo, komanso mafuta ofunikira. Mankhwala ufa, kulowetsedwa, manyumwa amakonzedwa kuchokera kumasamba, omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kalekale ku Western Europe.
Zotulutsa zamadzi zimakhala ndi antibacterial katundu, infusions ndi manyumwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati expectorant komanso antipyretic. Kukonzekera komwe kumapangidwa pamaziko a adiantum kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda opumira, matenda a chiwindi, ndulu ndi chikhodzodzo.
Monga njira yotulutsira kuchokera pakuluma nyama yodwala, mandimu ochokera masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuwonjezera, amathandizanso zilonda zopweteka. Wodziwika kwambiri, mwinanso, ndi decoction wa tsitsi lopindika, lomwe lingachepetse kuwoneka konyansa. Ngati mukukonzekera kulowetsedwa kwa mowa, ndiye kuti mutha kuchiza psoriasis.
Zizindikiro ndi zikhulupiriro
Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kuoneka ngati chomera m'nyumba kumatha kuwongolera mlengalenga ndikukulitsa. Ponena za fern, pali malingaliro angapo.
- Amakhulupirira kuti pakubwera kwa ferns, mlengalenga momwe mchipindamo mumasinthira, amakhala ofewa, komanso miyeso. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mikangano yapakanthawi imachitika mnyumbamo chifukwa cha kufulumira, mkwiyo, wokhala m'modzi mwa okhalamo (ndipo ngakhale onsewo), ndiye ndikubwera kwa fern, munthu amakhala wofewa, amayamba kukhazikika. Ndiye ngati mukufuna mtendere ndi chitukuko - pezani fern.
- Fern amatchedwanso duwa la "tanthauzo la golide"; limasiyanitsa zinthu zamkati ndi zakunja, zimathandizira kutsegula, kupeza zomwe zili mkati mwake.
- Chimodzi mwazizindikiro ndi mwayi. Chomerachi chimanenedwa kuthandiza "kugwira mwayi ndi mchira." Kuphatikiza apo, amateteza mwiniwake kuti asagwiritsenso ntchito ndalama mosafunikira.
- Chikhulupiriro china ndikuti adiantum imathamangitsa mizimu yoyipa, kuteteza nyumba kuti ipangidwe ndi zoyipa.
- Palinso ndemanga zoyipa. Malinga ndi zisonyezo zina, mawonekedwe a ferns amalonjeza matenda. Izi zitha kufotokozedwa pazifukwa ziwiri. Choyamba, fern iliyonse imatha kuyambitsa chifuwa chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa spores pansi pa tsamba. Kachiwiri, kupweteka kwa mutu kwakapweteka, mwachitsanzo m'mawa, kumatha kuonedwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti usiku chomera chimatenga mpweya wa okosijeni ndi kutulutsa mpweya woipa, ndipo mutu umapweteka chifukwa chosowa mpweya.
- Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti fern ndi mtundu wa "vampire" yamphamvu, yomwe imatenga mphamvu yanu. Pankhaniyi, mutha kuyika pafupi ndi TV yogwira ntchito. Awa ndi mtundu wosavomerezeka, komwe amatha kuyamwa mafunde ambiri ndi mphamvu.
Mulimonsemo, ichi ndi chomera, ndipo mukukhulupirira kapena ayi, ichi kapena kuti malodza ndi bizinesi ya munthu aliyense. Kupatula apo, pomaliza, zomwe munthu amakhulupirira ndizomera zotere.
