Catalpa (Catalpa) ndi nthumwi ya mtundu wa Bignonium. Kuthengo, chomera choterechi chimapezeka ku West Indies, China, North America ndi Japan. Mitundu ya catalpa bignoniform yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kale ndi Amwenye ngati chomera chomera pochiza matenda a pertussis ndi malungo. Amatcha chomera ichi "katoba", ndipo wazachipatala komanso sing'anga wochokera ku Italy, Scopoli, woyamba kufotokozera zamtunduwu, popanda zolinga zoyipa adasintha dzina lachi India kukhala "catalpa". Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, mtunduwu umagwirizanitsa mitundu pafupifupi 10-38. Mitundu ina imalimidwa ngati mbewu zokongoletsa m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, mwachitsanzo: ku Belarus, Ukraine ndi madera akumwera kwa Russia.
Makhalidwe a Catalpa
Kukongola kwa catalpa ndi mtengo wokongola kwambiri nthawi zonse kapena mtengo wopendekera, womwe kutalika kwake sikupita mamita 20. Maonekedwe a korona ndi ozungulira. Mitundu yambiri, ma masamba a masamba adakonzedwa motsutsana, amawimbira mluzu, ali ndi petioles zazitali komanso mawonekedwe owoneka ndi mtima, kukula kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 30x17. Mtengowu umaphuka bwino kwambiri. Kutalika kwa maluwa onunkhira ndi pafupifupi masentimita 7, ali ndi mawonekedwe a pabwino ndipo kirimu kapena mtundu woyera, mawanga ndi madontho amtundu wakuda amapezeka pakhosi. Maluwa ali m'gulu la piramidi pamavuto otseguka. Chipatsocho ndi mabokosi ooneka ngati pepala, kutalika kwake mpaka 0.4 m. Mkati mwa zipatsozi mumakhala mbewu zambiri zosasunthika. Zomera zoterezi zimatulutsa theka lachigawo la June kapena masiku oyamba a Julayi, pomwe zipatso zosadziwika sizigwa mumtengo nthawi yonse yachisanu.
Kubzala Catalpa poyera
Ndipo kubzala catalpa ndikuisamalira ndikofunikira chimodzimodzi monga mtengo uliwonse wokongoletsa. M'malo odyeramo ziweto, mbande za chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri zogulitsa zikugulitsidwa. Kukhazikika pamalo otseguka kumachitika mu nthawi ya masika, nthawi yophukira isanayambe, kapena kugwa, pomwe tsamba limatsika. Pobzala, muyenera kusankha malo owala bwino omwe ali ndi chitetezo chodalirika ku mphepo, chowonadi ndi chakuti zigawo zazikulu za mtengo wotere zimavulala mosavuta pakapezedwe. Ndibwino kwambiri ngati m'malo osankhidwa mwapang'onopang'ono madzi adziko azikhala ozama momwe angathere. Chomera ichi chimafunikira malo, pakati pa mmera ndi chomera china chilichonse, mtunda wa 4 mpaka 5 mita uyenera kuyang'aniridwa, osachepera. Kuzama kwa dzenjelo ikhale yolingana ndi masentimita 100, ndi m'lifupi -70 cm. Konzani zosakaniza dothi kuti mudzaze dzenjeli, chifukwa, pewani humus, dothi lamasamba, mchenga ndi peat, otengedwa mu chiyerekezo cha 3: 2: 2: 1. Osakaniza awa ayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi ma kilogalamu 5-8 a phulusa lamatabwa ndi 50 magalamu a mwala wa phosphate. Izi dothi losakaniza liyenera kukhala ndi acidity ya 6.5-7.5.
Pansi pa dzenjelo, muyenera kupanga chosanjikiza, chokwanira chake chomwe chikhale mainchesi 15. Monga chida chakuluzikulu, miyala yosweka kapena njerwa yosweka ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Zitachitika izi, dzenjelo liyenera kudzazidwa ndi dothi losakanizika ndi michere pafupifupi mpaka pamwamba. Kenako ndikofunikira kuyika mizu ya mmera mmenemo, ndiye kuti dzenjelo limadzazidwa ndi dothi lomweli. Dothi likapangidwa pang'ono, chomera chimafunikira kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri. Pomabzala, yesani kuti muzu wa mtengowo ukwere pamwamba pang'ono panthaka. Poterepa, madzi atatha kuthilira mu dothi, khosi la mphaka liyenera kutsikira pansi. Mukathirira, musaiwale kuti mulch bwalo lozungulira ndi cholengedwa chilichonse (peat ndichabwino).
Kusamalira Catalpa
Catalpa imatanthauzira zomera za hygrophilous, pamenepa, ndikofunikira kuthirira kamodzi pa sabata, makamaka nthawi yotentha komanso yopanda nyengo. Pomwe mtengo ungamve kusowa kwamadzi, ndiye kuti kukongoletsa kwake kumacheperachepera, chifukwa masamba adzataya turgor ndi sag. Kwa mphaka wamkulu wamkulu wa kuthirira 1, malita 20 amadzi amatengedwa. Zikakhala kuti nyengo yachilimwe inayamba kukhala yonyowa kapena yozizira, kuthirira kumatha kuchepetsedwa katatu pa mwezi. Kuthirira komweku kumafunikira chomera chokhala ndi mtengo wokutira. Mvula ikathirira, tikulimbikitsidwa kumasula nthaka m'nthaka mozungulira mpaka pakuya kwa 0,3 m, mutalima. Ngati pali chilala chokhazikika, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kuyenera kukwera.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Musaiwale kudyetsa mtengowo mwadongosolo. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera yankho la manyowa mu dothi (1:10), pomwe malita 5 mpaka 6 a michere amatengedwa pamtengo woyamba. Kuvala pamwamba kumeneku kumachitika kawiri pachaka. Chapakatikati, timalimbikitsidwa kudyetsa amphaka ndi Nitroammophos, komanso kugwa ndi phosphorous ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu, panthawiyo safunika nayitrogeni.
Kudulira
Kudulira kumalimbikitsidwa mchaka chisanafike kutupa kwa impso. Munthawi imeneyi, onse ovulala, owuma, owonongeka ndi chisanu, matenda kapena nthambi za tizirombo ayenera kudulidwa. Monga lamulo, mtengo umapangidwa ndi kutalika kwa tsinde kuchokera masentimita 120 mpaka 200, pamwamba pomwe mbewu imamera nkukhala korona wotsika wa nthambi zinayi kapena zisanu. Pakapita kanthawi, ngati kuli kotheka, nthambi za chomera zimafupikitsika, pomwe zimayambira nthambi ndi nthambi ziyenera kuchotsedwa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Catalpa amalimbana kwambiri ndi matenda komanso tizirombo. Koma mbuto ikakhala yofooka kwambiri, ntchentche za ntchentche zimatha kukhazikika pamenepo. Kuti muwawononge, muyenera kuchita kangapo kawiri pochiza chomera ndi pyrethroid (Fastak kapena Decis). Komabe pamimba yolimira tiziromboyi imatha kukhazikika - horntail, ndi tizilombo ta hymenoptera, pomwe akuluakulu awo amafanana kwambiri ndi ma hornets. Nkhuni za mtengo wotere zimakhalapo malo oikira mazira ndi akazi achikulire. Pakupita kwa nthawi, mphutsi zimawonekera, ndikumapendekeka ndikuyenda nkhuni, kenako ndikuphika ndi ufa. Amphaka omwe adatengeka ndi mphutsi zotere amakhala atafooka ndipo pang'onopang'ono amawuma. Nthawi zambiri, zoyerekeza zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi cohailtail zimafa, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ngati mtengowo uli wathanzi komanso wamphamvu, ndiye kuti palibe tizirombo amene amawopa.
Catalpa imatha kudwala verticillus wilting (wilt), panthawiyi, kuyambira pakati pa nthawi yachilimwe, pamunsi pa korona wake mudzazindikira chikasu, kutsika ndi kufa kwa masamba. Matendawa ndi oyipa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha icho, mtengowo umataya masamba kumbali imodzi ndikuwoneka mbali imodzi. Ngati matendawa akungoyamba kumene, ndiye kuti chomera chimatha kuchiritsidwa, chifukwa chimayenera kuthiriridwa pansi pa muzu ndi Rovral kapena Maxim, ndikuthandizidwa ndi Fundazole kapena Topsin-M. Pofuna kupewa, mitengo ikhoza kuthiridwa ndi fungicides monga: Quadris, Previkur kapena Falcon.
Kukula m'malo apansi
Ngati mudzakulitsa mtengo wotere mumsewu wapakati, ndiye kuti mutabzala muyenera kusankha mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu ndi mitundu. Kukaniza kwambiri chisanu kumakhala ndi mitundu yotere yamtambo wokongola kwambiri. M'matayidwe apakati, ndikuthekabe kukula kwa bignoniform ndi ovoid catalpa. Mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyoyeneranso kulimidwa ku Moscow Region:
- Aurea. Mtundu wa masamba ake ndi wagolide.
- Picta. Mtundu wa masamba a masamba a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, osiyanasiyana.
- Nana. Fomu yaying'ono iyi siyikutulutsa maluwa.
- Kugwira. Maluwa a mitundu iyi ndi miyala yamtambo.
Kuti kulima kwa catalpa kuyende bwino, ndikofunikira kukumbukira ma nuances angapo ofunikira. Podzala, muyenera kusankha malo pomwe pali dzuwa, dothi liyenera kunyowa osalowerera loam. Catalpa iyenera kukhala m'malo obiriwira kapena kum'mwera kwa kapangidwe kake. Zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zoyambirira, mtengowo umafunikira kutetezedwa ku mphepo, komanso uyenera kutetezedwa bwino nthawi yozizira. Zonena zakale zokhudzana ndi mitundu yozizira zosagwirizana ndi nyengo yachisanu sizifunikira pogona nyengo yachisanu. Zikakhala kuti zimayamba kuzizira kwambiri, ndiye kuti ikayamba msamba imatha kuchira msanga.
Catalpa kuswana
Pofalitsa catalpa, njira yobala (mbewu) imagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso ngati masamba - zipatso. Mbewu zisanafesere sizifunika stratization.
Momwe mungakulire kuchokera pa mbewu
Kubzala mbande kumachitika mu February kapena March. Mukangofesa, mbewu zimayenera kumizidwa m'madzi ofunda kwa maola 8-12. Kubzala kumatha kuchitika mu kugwa, pomwe mbewu siziyenera kunyowa. Mu gawo lapansi, muyenera kupanga ngalande zomwe mbewuzo zikaikidwamo, ziyenera kuwazidwa pamwamba ndi dothi. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu, ndikutsukidwa pamalo otentha (madigiri 20 mpaka 22) ndi malo owala bwino. Musaiwale kuteteza mbewu ku dzuwa mwachindunji, komanso kuwapatsanso mpweya wabwino komanso kuthirira. Mbande zomwe zimalimbitsa nthawi yachisanu zimabzalidwa panthaka yophukira masika, pomwe vuto la chisanu kukuzizira (pafupifupi kuyambira m'ma mpaka kumapeto kwa Meyi).
Kudula
Zidula ziyenera kukololedwa theka lachiwiri la nthawi yachilimwe. Kutalika kwa zodulidwaku kuli pafupifupi mainchesi 8, pomwe impso zingapo ziyenera kupezekapo. Pokonzekera, muyenera kusankha zitsanzo za anthu akuluakulu. Muzu, zodulidwa zimabzalidwa dothi losakanikirana ndi mchenga ndi peat, kenako ndikuphimbidwa ndi chithunzi chowonekera kuchokera pamwamba, chomwe chingakuthandizeni kupanga chofunikira pakuyatsa nyumba. Samalirani zodula chimodzimodzi monga mbande. Mutha kumvetsetsa kuti zodulidwa ndizokhazikitsidwa ndi mbale zazing'ono zomwe zidatulukira. Amabzyala panthaka kuyambira pakati mpaka kumapeto kwa Meyi.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yamatumbo omwe ali ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Wamaluwa amalima zochepa chabe za mitundu ya catalpa. Afotokozedwa pansipa.
Catalpa vulgaris (Catalpa bignonioides), kapena catalpa bignoniform
Kuthengo, imapezeka ku North America, mtunduwu umakonda kumera m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Kutalika kwa chomera chotere kumatha kufika 20 metres. Kufalikira korona kuli mawonekedwe ozungulira. Mtundu wa khungwa loonda kwambiri ndi la bulauni. Mu mtengo wotere, masamba obiriwira obiriwira amafunika chisamaliro chapadera; mawonekedwe ake ali ofanana kwambiri ndi masamba a lilac, koma amakula. Kutalika kwawo kumafika masentimita 20, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi mpaka masentimita 15. Kutsogolo kwawo kulibe kanthu, ndipo mkati mwake mumatuluka m'mitsempha. Ngati mupera tsamba, mutha kumva fungo losangalatsa. Kutalika kwa maluwa oyera onunkhira ndi pafupifupi masentimita 5, m'mero ali ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yachikaso, ndipo pamtunda pali kachidutswa kofiyira. Ndi gawo limodzi la ma piramidi lotayirira la piramidi, lomwe limafikira mainchesi 20 komanso kutalika kwa masentimita 30. Maluwa pafupifupi masiku 20. Chipatsocho ndi bokosi lopyapyala, lalitali (pafupifupi masentimita 40), mkati mwake muli njere zazing'ono. Wopangidwa kuyambira 1726. Mitundu yokongoletsa:
- Aurea (Golide). Mtundu wa masamba ake ndi wachikaso.
- Kene. Masamba a masamba achikasu amakhala ndi mitsempha yobiriwira komanso chidutswa cha mtundu wakuda pakatikati.
- Otsika (Nana). Fomu lamtchire ili ndi korona woyambira.
Catalpa wokongola (Catalpa speciosa), kapena catalpa wokongola
Dziko lokhalamo mitunduyi ndi madera akum'mawa a North America, mbewu zotere zimakonda kumera m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja. Kutalika kwa mtengo wochititsa chidwiwu sikupita mamitala 30, mawonekedwe a koronawo ndiwotambalala. Pamwamba pa thunthu lonyowa pali khungwa loonda-lamellar la imvi. Kutsogolo kwa masamba obiriwira okongola masamba obiriwira kumakhala kosalala, iwo amatalika masentimita 30 ndi mainchesi 15 cm. Amakula kale kuposa mitundu ina ya catalpa. Pansanja yamasamba pamakhala kupindika pang'ono. Maluwa onunkhira amtundu wamchere-yoyera amafika masentimita 7 m'litali ndipo amakhala ndi m'mphepete mwa wavy, pamtunda wamkati mwawo muli mikwingwirima yachikasu komanso madontho a bulauni. Ndi gawo limodzi lama inflorescence, kutalika kwake komwe kumasiyana kuchokera pa 15 mpaka 20 sentimita. Chipatsochi ndi bokosi lalitali kwambiri (pafupifupi 0.56 m), lomwe, litatha kucha, limasweka masamba awiri. Walimidwa kuyambira 1800. Mtundu wokongoletsera wotchuka ndi ufa kapena ufa: pamwamba pa masamba amitundu pali mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yoyera ndi ya kirimu.
Catalpa ovate (Catalpa ovata)
Koyambira kuchokera pakati pa China. Kutalika kwa mtengo wotere ndi pafupifupi 10 metre, komabe, mukakula m'mundamo, nthawi zambiri umapitirira mamita 3.5. Pakakulidwa pakati pamtunda wamtunda, nthawi zambiri kamakhala kamafumbi, ndiye kuti kutalika kwake kumakhala kosaposa ma sentimita 150. M'maluwa onunkhira oyera, pharynx amapaka utoto. Ndi gawo limodzi la zoopsa, zotalika masentimita 25. Chipatsochi ndi bokosi lalitali (pafupifupi 0.45 m). Mtunduwu umasiyanitsidwa ndi kujambulidwa kwake, umafunanso nthaka yopatsa thanzi komanso yonyowa.
Catalpa Fargesii
Mwachilengedwe, mutha kukumana ku Western China m'nkhalango zotentha. Kutalika kwa mtengo wabwino ngati umenewu sikudutsa 20 metres. Ma pepala osavuta a masamba osavuta omwe ali kunja kwambiri ofanana ndi masamba a lilac ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira komanso petioles masentimita khumi. Pamaso pawo palibe kuzungulira kowala kwambiri kufananizidwa ndi mbali yolakwika. Kutalika kwa maluwa ofiirira-apinki kapena ofiira pafupifupi 35 mm, mkati mwa corolla pali timadontho tofiira tofiirira. Mankhwala owononga inflorescence amakhala ndi maluwa 7-15. Mtunduwu umamasula masabata 4 m'mbuyomu poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya catalpa. Mtengo wotere umakongoletsa kwambiri.
Catalpa hybrid (Catalpa hybrida), kapena ozungulira catalpa
Chosakanizidwa ichi chidapangidwa ndikuwoloka mphaka ya ovoid ndi mphaka wamba. Zomera zotere zimafika kutalika kwa 16 metres ndipo zimakhala ndi korona wozungulira. Masamba akuluakulu obiriwira obiriwira pambali yakumanzere ndi pubescent. Ngati mupera tsamba, mutha kumva fungo losangalatsa. Makulu akulu otulutsa inflorescence amakhala ndi maluwa ofika 25mm. Mtunduwu umadziwika kwambiri pakupanga mawonekedwe.
Catalpa pakupanga kwapangidwe
Catalpa imadziwika ndi kukula mwachangu, kukana zinthu zovuta, komanso kusachita bwino kwake. Mtengo wotere ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kubzala zipatso za alley, komanso chomera chimodzi, chodzalidwa pamaso pa ofesi, cafe kapena shopu. Zomera zoterezi zibzalidwe m'mphepete mwa nyanja Ngati muphatikiza mitundu yamitengo yamitengo nthawi yobzala (mwachitsanzo, ndi miyala yamtengo wofiirira ndi ya golide), mutha kukwaniritsa zokongoletsa zochulukirapo. Popeza mtengowu suthana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya, umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyang'anira misewu yamizinda. M'mapaki amzindawu mutha kuwona catalps atazunguliridwa ndi hedeni wa cotoneaster kapena hawthorn, "mawonekedwe" oterewa amawoneka ochititsa chidwi nyengo yonseyo.
M'minda ndi dachas, mphaka nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu komanso zamitundu yambiri. Zomera zotere zimayimira mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a mawonekedwe. Kuonjezera kukongoletsa kwa mtengo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mubzale pafupi ndi mitengo yazithunzithunzi kapena mitengo ikuluikulu.Kuti azikongoletsa dimba laling'ono kapena malo oyandikana nawo, akatswiri amalangizidwa kuti musagwiritse ntchito mitundu yambiri ya mbewu zotere, mwachitsanzo, nana.
