Kubzala ndi kusamalira gentian poyera: mitundu, zithunzi

Kuwona akuthambo kwa nthawi yoyamba, ochepa adzakhalabe opanda chidwi ndi maluwa awa, omwe ali ndi kukongola modabwitsa. Kulikonse komwe iwo amakulira, izi nthawi zonse zimasiyana ndi zomwe zimayambira, chifukwa ndizosatheka kuzindikira mawonekedwe awo owala, amtambo abuluu. Amitundu akuwonetsa kukongola kwawo konse ndikayambira m'dzinja. Ndi nthawi ino ya chaka pomwe amapanga mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwala kwamoto. Komabe, kuti musangalale ndi maluwa a mitundu, muyenera kuganizira zambiri, kuchokera pakupanga nyengo zabwino zokulira ndi kutha ndi chisamaliro choyenera cha mbewu zanthete izi.

Oimira owala kwambiri

Ngakhale mtundu wa gentians umaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa mitundu, komabe, m'dzinja, ochepa mwa iwo amasangalala ndi maluwa. Komabe, mosasamala izi, kupezeka kwa maluwa pamalopo kudzathandiza kusintha. Nthawi zambiri m'malo opanga mawonekedwe Wachikina wokongoletsa. Ndipo ndiyenera kunena, amalungamitsa dzina lake lachilendo. Poona chomerachi ndizosatheka kukhala ndi chidwi: mbewu iyi imadziyang'ana yokha ndi mtundu wake wowala, komanso mawonekedwe a duwa, komanso kuthekera kopirira nyengo iliyonse nyengo.

Wachikunja wokongoletsedwa wa ku China ndi wamuyaya, amapanga inflorescence yaying'ono nthawi yakula. Ndikulima kwa nthawi yayitali, maluwa amenewa amasintha kukhala makatuni akuda, mpaka kutalika pafupifupi 15 cm, pomwe amakhala ndi awiriawiri. Kuphatikiza apo, imakhala ndi mphukira zopyapyala modabwitsa pansi, zomwe zimakwaniritsidwa bwino ndi masamba owoneka ndi singano okongoletsa mphukira, zomwe zimatha kutengeka mosavuta kwa kapangidwe ka tarragon kapena rosemary.

Mtundu waung'ono wa mbewuyi sungasangalale, komabe, mawonekedwe a maluwa akuluakulu omwe amatuluka piloyo yake ndiwowonanso chidwi. Panthawi yamaluwa, mabelu amayendetsedwa m'mwamba. Pakadali pano, ndizokongola kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi yomweyo makumi ndi mamiliyoni a inflorescence pachimake, akubisala kanthawi masamba omwe amakhala ngati bulangeti lawo. Maluwa amtundu wa mabelu, okhala ndi gawo la masentimita 5-7, amawoneka okongola chifukwa cha mikwingwirima yowunikirayi, kuwapatsa iwo mitundu ina ya mitundu mitundu.

Kuwona maluwa osiyanasiyana amtunduwu, zikuwoneka ngati kuti adapangidwa mwaluso kukongoletsa dimba lanyundo. Ndikosavuta kukhulupirira kuti chomeracho chinali ndi mtundu wonyezimira wowoneka bwino. Koma amakhala othokoza kwambiri chifukwa cha malire a buluu, omwe amakwanira mawanga oyera panja pa corolla.

Mutha kusangalala ndi maluwa ochokera ku China osavuta kusintha mu Seputembala. Ndipo mutha kupeza chisangalalo kuchokera kukongola uku mpaka chisanu choyamba. Chomera sichigwirizana ndi chisanu chilichonse komanso chipale chofewa choyamba. Chifukwa chake, pamene chophimba cha chipale chofewa chikakhazikitsidwa, mabelu ake amapitirizabe kukhala otseguka.

Komabe, kuwonjezera pa kukana modabwitsa ndi kukongola, mbewu iyi ili ndi zabwino zina zambiri. Mtundu wautunduwu nthawi zambiri umayamba kuzika mizu mkati. Chifukwa chake, mmalo omwe mphukira zimakhudza pansi, tchire zatsopano zimayamba kupanga.

Mitundu

Mtundu wokongoletsedwa waku China sindiye yekha woimira mkati magulu amitundu yamaluwa yophukira ya banja lino:

• akhungu. Chomera chofikira mpaka 35 masentimita, momwe mitengo yopyapyala, yokhala ngati cilia yomwe ili pamiyala imapangidwa pakulima. Maluwa amakhala okha, akuluakulira, ali ndi utoto wowala wa buluu mpaka masentimita 6. Mtunduwu umayamba kuphuka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, ndikupitilizabe kukondweretsa wosamalira dimba mpaka Okutobala;
• akatswiri apadera (zodabwitsa). Chomera chachikale, chokongoletsera chachikulu chomwe ndi maluwa abuluu. Pakati pa masamba omwe agwa akuwoneka ngati chomera cha china. Amapereka mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu yachilendo - yapinki, yoyera kapena yachikaso;
• gentian ndizowawa. Pulasitiki yachikale, yophuka mpaka 30 cm, imakhala ndi tsinde lolunjika. Maonekedwe a maluwa ndi obiriwira pang'ono ndi oyera, omwe nthawi zambiri amakwaniritsidwa ndi utoto wagolide;
• wakuda wakuda. Chomera choyambirira, chomwe chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo m'mphepete mwa corolla yowala ya buluu ya madontho oyera. Masamba okhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira amawoneka owoneka bwino;
• kuumitsa mitundu. Mtunduwu umatha kukula mpaka 40-50 masentimita, kupanga mabelu ansalu, omwe amapanga manja ang'ono;
• Amitundu Farrera. Mtengowo umasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino wamtambo, womwe umapezeka mkati mwa corolla, koma kunja kwake sikuwoneka kowala kwambiri komwe kuli mikwingwirima yobiriwira yomwe imakwaniritsidwa bwino ndi diso loyera.

Palinso Mitundu ina ya mbewuomwe amalowa m'magawo a maluwa okha mu Ogasiti. Izi zikuchitikabe mu Seputembala onse, ndipo nthawi zina amalembedwera Okutobala. Mukabzala m'malo omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira, maluwa amatha kumachedwa kuposa masiku onse. Kawiri pa nyengo, chikasu chamtundu wina wamkaka ndimakondwera ndi maluwa ake, omwe panthawiyi ya chaka amakhala owonekera kwambiri. Komabe, mu Seputembala, mitundu yomwe imayamba kuphuka kuyambira pachiyambireni yophukira imawoneka bwino kwambiri:

1. Amitundu Kolakovsky. Mtengowo umakongoletsedwa ndi masamba, masamba okutira, okhala ndi masamba ambiri. Mtundu wa masamba ake ndi wonyezimira, wamdima, pomwe ukupita kumapeto kwa nthambi kumakhala kochepa. Maluwa ndi akulu kwambiri, ali ndi mainchesi 5 cm, amapangira chubu chopingasa chopindika. Utoto wonyezimira komanso kamvekedwe kabwino pazokongoletsera zimawathandiza kuchita zambiri. Itha kulekerera nyengo yayitali;
2. Amitundu amakhala maluwa atatu. Chomera chachitali moyenera, chomwe chimatha kufika masentimita 80. Chimapangidwa ndi mphukira m'munsi komanso masamba obisika, maluwawo amakhala ooneka ngati belu, okongoletsedwa ndi mano owongoka omwe amayamba kutseguka m'miyala kumapeto kwa mphukira.

Zinthu zabwino kwa nthawi yophukira

Zithunzi za mbewu izi zimakondweretsa aliyense wolimira. Komabe, mutha kusangalala nawo kukhala ndi moyo ngati mumaganizira za machitidwe awo akamakula. Izi mbewu wonyozaChifukwa chake, iwo akhoza kukhala okulirapo pafupifupi nthawi iliyonse. Ngakhale nthawi yomweyo, mkati mwa mtunduwu, titha kusiyanitsa mbewu zomwe zimatha kumva bwino pokhapokha ndi dothi linalake komanso kuwuma. Kuphatikiza apo, onsewa amatha kuzindikira zofanana.

Poganizira zokongoletsa za nyanjayi yachikasu, zimawoneka ngati zokongoletsa mapiri a kumapiri. Komabe, kuphatikiza kwawo pophatikizidwa pouma sikumakhala koyenera nthawi zonse. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti aziyikidwa mbali yakumadzulo kapena pang'ono kum'mawa, komwe kutentha kumachepetsa. Chomera chilichonse chimakula bwino pansi pauwisi wa dzuwa, pamtunda wopanda zakudya. Pakakhala zovuta kuti musankhe mbuto yabwino, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mubzale m'malo omwe muli mthunzi pang'ono.

• Wachikhalidwe waku China adakongoletsedwa. Chomera ichi chimafuna kuunikira kwabwino nthawi yakula, yomwe imakhala nthawi yonse yotentha komanso yophukira. Chapakatikati, amakhala bwino mumthunzi wocheperako, kotero, mtundu wofananawo nthawi zambiri umabzalidwa pafupi ndi mababu a kasupe. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pa nthawi ya kufa kwa gentian womaliza, mwayi umapezeka wolandirira kuwunika kwakukulu;
• Amitundu Farrera. Chomera chimatha kumera bwino bwino. Mukakulitsa mitundu yina, ndikofunikira kusankha anzawo moyenera. Ndikwabwino kuwaphatikiza ndi chimanga ndi mababu a masika, omwe kumayambiriro kwa chaka amapanga mthunzi wocheperako.

Pokonzekera malo a mbewu, ndikofunikira kulingalira osati kuwunikira kokha, komanso chinyezi chamlengalenga. Mitundu ya Autumn imakula bwino ikabzalidwe m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Chifukwa chake, malo abwino kwambiri kwa iwo adzakhala malo pafupi ndi matupi amadzi - mitsinje, dziwe kapena akasupe. Kubzala ma gentians achikasu ndikulimbikitsidwa m'munda wamdimba wamba.

Wachikunja Wachikunja yemwe adakongoletsedwa, omwe amalimbikitsidwa kuti abzalidwe mu nthaka yonyowa, ya acid komanso yotsekera komanso mawonekedwe otayirira, ali ndi zomwe akukula. Poterepa, nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa mokwanira.

Mitundu ya Amitundu imamera bwino pamadothi osasamala komanso malo omwe mpweya wochepa umatha. Mitundu ina yonse yazomera sizimadziyimira zokha. Polankhula zambiri za kapangidwe ka dothi, mitundu yambiri imamva bwino m'malo otakasuka, opepuka, okhala ndi michere yambiri. Zofunika ngalande ziyenera kukhalapo, nthaka iyenera kuvomerezedwa.

Kubzala mbewu

Pokonzekera mabowo kuti mubzale tchire chachikasu, muyenera kuwadzaza ndi madzi kuchokera kumiyala. Komanso, ziyenera kukhala zazikulu - chifukwa muyenera kuchoka pamitengo ya mbiya zadothi, zomwe ziyenera kupitirira katatu. Zomera siziyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi 15-30 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.

Kusamalira mbewu zikutuluka m'dzinja

Pokhudzana ndi amtundu wokhala ndi pachimake cha yophukira, palibe zochitika zapadera zofunika. Pa kukula kwawo kwabwinobwino, ndikokwanira kukhala ndi dothi lonyowa, lomwe ndilofunikira kwambiri makamaka pakakhala chilala. Komabe, kuthirira nthawi zonse kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri chifukwa dothi limakhala lonyowa komanso lopepuka. Maimu amabweretsa vuto linalake ku China wakongoletsedwe, motero, kuthirira madzi ofewa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mukamasamalira gentians yophukira, nthaka pakati pa tchire iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mulch. Ndipo kwa Chinese wokongoletsedwa wamagulu amavomerezeka kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mchenga wowuma. Mitundu ina yonse ya mbewu sikufuna kwambiri pazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mulch.

Nyengo yachisanu yophukira

Ma gentians achikoma amalekerera nyengo yachisanu bwino, motero palibe chifukwa chochitira zochitika zapadera mowalemekeza. Mitundu yambiri imakumana ndi nthawi yozizira ndi maluwa otseguka, koma izi sizikuwavulaza. Chifukwa chake, pobwera masika, iwo samatalikiranso ndipo amapanga inflorescence zambiri.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Autumn gentians imalimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda ambiri. Komabe, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa malinga ndi nthaka, pochititsa njira zotchingira madzi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pansi pa izi, mbewu zimatha kuyamba kuvunda. Mwa mitundu yophukira, pali mitundu yomwe imatha kuwonongeka ndi slugs.

Pomaliza

Akunja amakopa alimi ambiri ndi maluwa ake osangalatsa, motero wolimawo, yemwe adaganiza zokulitsa malo ake, sadzadandaula ndi chisankho chake. Chomera sichofunikira kwambiri pakukula, chifukwa chake imamva bwino pamitundu yambiri. Zomwezi zikugwiranso ntchito posamalidwa achikasu.

Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa kuti kukongola kwawo kumatha kusungidwa mothandizidwa ndi zochitika zazikulu zomwe zimachitika pokhudzana ndi zikhalidwe zina zambiri zokongoletsera. Choyamba, zimakhudza kuthirira, komwe kumaloleza khalani chinyezi chokwanira nthaka. Chifukwa cha kukana kwambiri kwa gentians kumatenda ndi tizirombo, sizingabweretse zovuta kwa wofesayo.