Momwe mungapulumutsire maluwa a maluwa nthawi yachisanu?

Pa chitetezo chamaluwa nthawi yachisanu, muyenera kuganizira kale zikagulidwa. Osagula maluwa obiriwira; nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe komanso kumayambiriro kwa dzinja mutadzaza nyengo yozizira. Maluwa oterewa sangakhale opanda nthawi yozizira, ndipo masheya awo nthawi zambiri samasiyana chisanu, makamaka maluwa okhazikika. Ndikosatheka kuwasiyanitsa ndi dimba (osati wowonjezera kutentha) maluwa powoneka. Njira yokhayo yotuluka ndiyo kugula mbande kwa ogulitsa odalirika. Kuphatikiza apo, maluwa a m'munda nawonso ali ndi mitundu yambiri kapena yolimba. Ambiri opanga maluwa m'mabuku awo amaonetsa maluwa osakhazikika kwambiri m'magulu osiyanasiyana a paki kapena malo. Maluwa oterowo, nthawi zambiri, amalekerera nyengo yabwino kuposa maluwa amitundu ina, mwachitsanzo tiyi-wosakanizidwa. Komabe, pali zosiyana zingapo.

Rose m'nyengo yozizira

Muyenera kusamalira nthawi yozizira ya maluwa ngakhale mutabzala

Ndikofunikanso kuganizira kukula kwa maluwa: ndikosavuta kuphimba maulalo (osachedwa ndi chivundikiro pansi), komanso kutalika kotalika (kosafalikira) kotalika kuposa 1.2-1.5 m (kukwera theka ndi kutsika kwakukulu) ndizovuta kwambiri.

Kuti muganize zosunga maluwa mu dzinja, muyenera kubzala maluwa:

• maluwa omwe akukula mgululi ndiosavuta kuteteza ku chisanu kusiyana ndi obalalika m'malo osiyanasiyana m'mundamo;
• feteleza sangathe kulowetsedwa mu maenje obzala, omwe angayambitse kukula kwa mphukira kumapeto kwa chirimwe ndi nthawi yophukira. Nitrogeni (mu mawonekedwe a feteleza wamankhwala ndi mawonekedwe a humus) ndibwino kuti azipanga zochepa kuposa zochuluka.

Pomaliza, kuti zitheke bwino maluwa amaluwa, kuwakonzekeretsa nyengo yozizira ndikofunikira kwambiri:

• sikofunikira kudula maluwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, izi zimabweretsa kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano, zomwe sizikhalanso ndi nthawi yakucha nthawi yachisanu ndikumwalira (nthawi zina pamodzi ndi nthambi za dongosolo lakale);
• kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe, ndibwino kusiya kudyetsa maluwa a maluwa (maluwa safuna michere yambiri, kotero kuphukira kwa chilimwe ndi koyambirira kwa chilimwe ndi zovuta za feteleza kapena michere lokwanira nyengo yonseyo);
• ndikofunikira mu Okutobala (kwa Russia wapakati) kuchotsa pang'ono maluwa kuchokera masamba (kuyambira pansi) (amalekanitsidwa ndi nthambi ndikusunthira kuchokera kumtunda kupita pansi ndipo palimodzi ndi masamba omwe agwa kale amachotsedwa pamaluwa; ndibwino kuwawotcha kuti alepheretse kufalikira kwa pathogenic fungi spores) .

Kuteteza maluwa ndi hill.

Mwakutero, palibe njira zabwino zotetezera maluwa pazochitika zonse. Zambiri zimatengera kuthekera kwa nyakulimi ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zophimba kwa iye, nyengo yina, kuzizira kwa maluwawa, kukula kwake ndi kuthekera kwake pansi.

Njira yosungirako maluwa kuti asankhe?

Wosamalira mundawo ayenera kusankha njira zoti agwiritse ntchito, koma chifukwa chake ayenera kukumbukira zotsatirazi:

• nyengo yozizira (osati nyengo yachisanu yokha) maluwa amatha kuwonongeka ndi chisanu, okhudzidwa ndi bowa wa pathogenic, nthambi zitha kuthyoka zonse pogona komanso pansi pa chipale chofewa;
• duwa lalikulu lokonzekereratu nyengo yachisanu pakati panjira silingafe konse, ngakhale pogona pokhapokha (kusiyanasiyana ndi "madzi akuda", pomwe osati kokha pamtunda wapansi, komanso gawo la pansi la chitsamba limatha kuundana chifukwa chosowa chipale chofewa);
• Duwa lomwe limatuluka nthawi yachisanu ndikutayika kwa mlengalenga limafooka kwambiri, ndipo nyengo yozizira ikhoza kukhala yomaliza kwa icho (mbewuyo ilibe nthawi yoti ikule gawo la mlengalenga panthawi yachilimwe chakumpoto); ntchito ya wolima si kungokhala kuti duwa likhalepobe, koma kuti ateteze, ngati kuli kotheka, gawo lakumwamba;
• m'dzinja, maluwa pang'onopang'ono amadzikonzekereranso kuzizira (malinga ndi zomwe ndawonapo, kutentha kwakukulu kwa maluwa a tiyi wosakanizidwa pakati pa Seputembala ndi -5 ° C, pakati pa Okutobala -7 ° C, theka zoyambirira za Novembala -10 ° C, theka lachiwiri la Novembala - pafupifupi theka la Novembala - pafupifupi -15 ° C ngakhalenso -18 ° C);
• maluwa odulira (osati chifukwa chamaluwa okha, komanso malo ogona nthawi yachisanu), kukulunga msanga kwa tchire sikuti kumangoletsa njira zachilengedwe zokonzera maluwa asanu, komanso kungatheretse mbewu zonse zomwe zikusokonekera, makamaka ngati kukutentha masiku ambiri; Duwa limakhala lamoyo, ngakhale chisanu pang'ono chitha kuchiwononga;
• mukasiya chipatso m'chilimwe mutatulutsa kumapeto kwa chilimwe, mbewuyo "silingaganize" Kukula kwatsopano, maluwa sawuka, ndipo duwa limapambana.

Kuteteza maluwa ku matenda nthawi yachisanu

Matenda sakhala ochepera poyerekeza ndi chisanu poopseza maluwa - kumapeto kwa dzinja ndi kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu, pansi pa malo obisalako pang'ono kutentha, matenda owopsa a fungus - matenda oyaka a maluwa - amakula nthambi. Malo owoneka akuda amaoneka pamiyendo. Kukula, amatsogolera kuimfa ya nthambi yonse pamwamba pa chotupa. Ngati mutsegula maluwa mu nthawi yake, osadikirira kuti chipale chofewa chigwe, ndiye kuti mutha kusokoneza nthawi yabwino pakupanga matendawa. Ichi ndiye chinthu chachikulu.

Zimathandizanso kupopera maluwa maluwa musanagone ndi fungicides (mwachitsanzo, chitsulo kapena mkuwa sulfate). Kuphatikiza apo, ndibwino kuti mutulutse maluwa ndi mchenga woyera m'dambo kuti muteteze gawo laling'ono la mbewu ku chisanu ndikuziteteza ku matenda. Ndizosatheka kutalikirana ndi nthaka yotengedwa kuchokera pansi pa duwa, chifukwa imatha kukhala ndi mabakiteriya ambiri "osayenderana" ndi fungus spores.

Komanso sikulakwika kuterera ndi peat ndi utuchi - nditazizira, amapanga chishango chosakwanira kutentha ndi kasupe. Nthawi yomweyo, duwa limatha kufa chifukwa choti nthawi ya masika pansi pa nthaka gawo la mlengalenga limadzuka mwachangu, ndipo mizu yake idakali matalala milungu ingapo m'nthaka yozizira. Pofika nthawi yoti mizu yayamba kutenthedwa, gawo la mlengalenga limatha kufa.

Pogona pa nyengo yozizira.

Njira youma yopumira pogona nyengo yachisanu

Podziwa zovuta zonsezi, mutha kupita ku chisankho cha maluwa. Chodalirika kwambiri (ngakhale ndichofunika kwambiri pazakuthupi) imawoneka ngati njira youma yogona. Chingwe cha mabatani kapena zishango chimakonzedwa pamwamba pa maluwa, amatha kuthana ndi chisanu. Kuthambalala kumapuma pamizati ya njerwa kapena matanda omwe akumba pansi. Pamwamba imakutidwa ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu, komanso bwino - ndi pulasitiki wokutira, mutha kukalamba (ndikosavuta kutsegula mu kasupe kuti mpweya wabwino). M'mphepete mwa kanemayo amakankhidwira pansi ndi miyala, njerwa.

Kutalika kwa mphalapala kuyenera kukhala kotero kuti ndizotheka kupindika nthambi za maluwa, kuwaletsa kuti asaphulike, chifukwa cha maluwa akulu okwera ndi nthambi zazitali 60-80 cm, kwa ena - 30-60 masentimita.Ozizira kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera chipale chofewa kuchokera kumapeto. (popanda kuonetsa, dziko lapansi mozungulira mbewu zina zamtengo wapatali). Kumayambiriro ndi pakati pa Marichi, ndimatsuka chisanu kuchokera pansi, izi zimandilola kuti ndichoke ku kutentha komwe kumakhala koyenera kuti phukusi liyake. Kuphatikiza apo, filimuyo imatha kukwezedwa kuchokera kumapeto kwa mpweya wabwino.

Maluwa pansi pogona pouma mlengalenga (ngati zonse zidachitidwa pa nthawi yake) popanda kuwononga kapena kuwononga kwa mlengalenga.

Tsopano pafupi nthawi. Ndikofunikira kuphimba maluwa ngati kuzizira kumayembekezereka (nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika usiku) pansipa -10 ... -12 ° С. Monga lamulo, awa ndi theka lachiwiri la Novembala. Palibe ntchito pobisalira poyambira kuzizira (Seputembara ndi Okutobala) - sizingawononge maluwa, ndipo maluwa sangathenso chifukwa cha malo oyamba.

Njira yowuma mlengalenga imateteza zitsamba za rose kuti zisawonongeke - zonse panthawi yogona m'chipululu komanso pansi pa chipale chofewa nthawi yozizira ndi masika. Chimateteza ku chisanu bwino. Koma kuchokera pakuwotcha koyambitsa - osati nthawi zonse. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu kasupe sindikufuna kutsegula maluwa ngati ataphimbidwa mwamphamvu, komanso makamaka pamene chisanu sichinasungunuke. Pakadali pano, mu February-Marichi, pansi pogona, padali kutentha pang'ono koyenera bowa.

Kuteteza maluwa ku matenda ngati kutsegula kwawo kuchedwa, osati koyipa:

• matabwa osungirako maluwa chaka chilichonse amachitira ndi antiseptic;
• tsamba la secateurs pogwira ntchito ndi maluwa nthawi zambiri limatetezedwa kuti tizilombo toononga (potaziyamu permanganate, mowa, moto, ndi zina zambiri);
• m'dzinja, maluwa amatuluka ndimchenga woyera (amateteza pansi pamtondo, amatenga matenda);
• mulch nthaka kugwa ndi nthambi za spruce kapena mulch ina iliyonse (kudzipatula ku magwero a fungal spores);
• sonkhanitsani ndi kuwotcha masamba a duwa omwe mwakhala mukukula.

Mwambiri, pogona pouma ndi bwino kupulumutsa maluwa m'nyengo yozizira. Komabe, zimaphatikizapo kutseka ndi kutsegulira kwa maluwa, kutulutsa nthawi yayitali ndi zinthu. Sikuti aliyense angakwanitse kugula ndalamazo ndipo angakonde njira yosavuta pobisalira, kupereka kudalirika kwa dzinja.

Pogona maluwa ndi spruce

Otsatirawa akhoza kuwafotokozera. Maluwa pogona kumapeto kwa Okutobala - Novembala koyambirira, mutatha kufufuma masamba otsika. Nthambi zimagwada pansi, zokutidwa ndi wosanjikiza nthambi za spruce. Izi zimalepheretsa maluwa kuti asakhudze pansi, koma amatha kudutsa kutentha kwa dziko lapansi mpaka maluwa. Pamwamba pa maluwa amaika nthambi za spruce ndi zinthu zosalukidwa. Utoto uwu wa lapnik umateteza nsalu yopanda nonzoven ndipo nthawi yomweyo manja kuchokera ku singano ya maluwa. Kuphatikiza apo, amalowetsa maluwa.

Kuti muteteze maluwa kuti asakhumudwenso, musanapindule ndikofunika kuti muike pansi pa nthambi za mulingo woyenera (onani. Mkuyu.). Amateteza nthambi kuti zisawonongeke m'munsi. Kuti nthambi zigwiritse, zimapinidwa kapena mtundu wina wa katundu umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zina pamakhala kulemera kokwanira kwa nthambi za spruce Zinthu zopanda nsalu zimapanikizidwa mozungulira mozungulira ndi miyala. Monga nthawi zonse, ndikofunikira kutchera pansi ndi chitsamba patsogolo.

Pophweka, chiwonetserochi chikuwonetsa pogona la duwa limodzi, koma momwemonso, mutha kuphimba gulu la maluwa mwachangu. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuyimilira maluwa oyandikana nthawi imodzi.

Ndikofunikira kutsegula maluwa mu April pang'onopang'ono. Ndipo kumbukirani kuti nthawi ino akhoza kuwonongeka:

• kuchulukana kozizira kwambiri (kuchotsedwa koyambirira kwambiri komanso kwadzidzidzi);
• kuchokera pakuwotcha kachilombo (ngati, m'malo mwake, kutchingira kumachotsedwa mochedwa);
• kuchokera pakuwotcha ndi dzuwa (ngati mthunzi umachotsedwa dothi lisanatenthedwe).

Amayamba kutsegula maluwa pakati pakatikati pa Russia, nthawi zambiri mu theka loyambirira la Marichi (kutengera nyengo). Nthawi yomweyo, amachotsa chipale chofewa ndikutsegula filimu yotsegulira maluwa kuti zitsitse maluwa. Pambuyo poululidwa kwathunthu, maluwa amawadulira. Koma iyi ndi gawo lina pa maluwa a maluwa.

Zachidziwikire, kusungidwa kwa maluwa nthawi yozizira kumadalira zabwino zonse (kapena m'malo mwake, nyengo). Koma zimangotengera inu kuti muyika chiopsezo theka kapena maluwa anu kapena gawo limodzi kapena awiri okha.

V. Vysheslavtsev,

"Momwe mungasungire maluwa nthawi yachisanu",

Munda wamasamba ndi masamba.