Cyclamen. Kugula, chisamaliro chakunyumba, kubereka

Cyclamen (Cyclamen) - chomera chokongola kwambiri chomwe chatchuka kwambiri m'gulu la olima maluwa. Panthawi ya maluwa, maluwa ake amawoneka ngati “malilime a lawi lowala” kapena agulugufe akunja akuwuluka mlengalenga. Pali mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu yazomera zomwe zimasiyana kutalika kwake (kuchokera pa 15 mpaka 35 cm), mawonekedwe a phulusa-siliva amawoneka pamasamba amdima kapena opepuka wobiriwira, komanso mtundu wamaluwa ndi terry.

Pafupifupi chaka chonse m'malo ogulitsira maluwa alionse omwe mungagule zojambula zamaluwa zodabwitsa izi. Ambiri aiwo akulira m'chipinda cha pawindo, ena m'munda. Komabe, akamakula cyclamen kunyumba, alimi a maluwa nthawi zambiri amakumana pomwe nyengo yazamoyo komanso zokonda zina zamaluwa zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimapezeka munyumba ina.

Chifukwa chake, makamu “osaphunzitsidwa bwino” nthawi zambiri, atangotuluka maluwa, cyclamen ikataya, imatumizidwa kuchidebe cha zinyalala, ngati chomera chosowa. Ena amateurs amatenga duwa monga "nthawi imodzi" ndipo nthawi yomweyo amalitaya utamasula. Pakadali pano, cyclamen, m'malo omwe angathe iye komanso chisamaliro choyenera, amatha kukhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 20, akukhala wokongola komanso wopambana chaka chilichonse.

Mitundu ya cyclamen

Kuti mupeze zolakwika zochepa mukamayang'anira cyclamen yam'nyumba, choyambirira, muyenera kudziwa mitundu ndi mitundu iti yomwe imagulitsidwa kwambiri m'masitolo apadera, momwe amasiyana. Mitundu makamaka imagulitsa. Cyclamen waku Persian (C. Persicum). Zomera zazikulu ndi 15-30 cm kutalika (kutengera mitundu). Amakhala ndi muzu wozungulira wozungulira wokhala ndi mizu yopingidwa ndi chingwe komanso malo amodzi apical ukuaji. Chachikulu kapena chaching'ono, chokhala ndi petals yovunda kapena maluwa owala kawiri, onunkhira kapena onunkhira amabwera mitundu yonse: kuchokera ku pinki yoyera mpaka yofiyira kapena yofiirira, nthawi zina mamayilo awiri amapezeka. Mitundu yodziwika bwino yamtunduwu wa cyclamen ndi mtundu wobiriwira wam'munsi mwa masamba ndi maluwa opendekeka kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Epulo. Maluwa atamera, masamba amataya masamba, ndipo amayamba nthawi yopumira. Mu Ogasiti mpaka Seputembala, kuuka kwa Persia, amayamba kukula masamba ndi kuphuka. Mpaka pano, obereketsa apanga mitundu yamakono ya cyclamen yomwe sinataye masamba ndikugulitsa chaka chonse. Amalimidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amagwetsa mbeu zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwa cyclamen, komwe sikumamera pachimake, kudzatsogolera kuti kwa nthawi yayitali agwirizane ndi njira yake, kapena kuwononga mphamvu pakamasamba asanakwane, kumwalira posachedwa.

Mutha kupeza zochepa pazogulitsa cyclamen wofiirira (C. purpurascens), womwe umadziwika kuti sunali wamtali (mpaka 15 cm), masamba ang'onoang'ono (mpaka 2-4 masentimita) ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera-pinki. Amasiyana ndi Persian cyclamen pamaso pa mizu yomwe imapezeka mu tuber yonse, mu mtundu wofiirira wa redt wa m'munsi wamasamba, komanso makulidwe otukuka - limamasula nthawi yachilimwe ndikupuma nthawi yophukira-nyengo yachisanu. Samataya masamba, kapena pang'ono pang'ono amataya. Nthambi za mwana wamkazi zimawonekera pa tuber ndi zaka, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobereka (Persian cyclamens sapanga ana). Ndizosowa kwambiri kugula mtundu wamtunduwu pa sitolo, ndizowona kugula kwa alimi omwe amalima m'munda wamtunda mumsewu. Utoto wofiirira wa Cyclamen wafala kwambiri ku France, Poland, South Germany, komanso umapezeka ku Ukraine, komwe umatha kukhalako nthawi yachisanu popanda pogona.

Mu dilesi yogulitsa maluwa mutha kugula ndi Neapolitan cyclamen (C. neapolitanum) kapena cyclamen ivy (C. hederifolium). Mtunduwu umasiyanitsidwa ndi lobed kwambiri kapena cholozera, monga ivy, masamba omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe siliva osiyana. Maluwa ofiira ofiira pamunsi ali ndi malo okhala ndi mawonekedwe a V (m'mitundu yoyera yoyera) siali). M'chilimwe, mbewuyo imapuma masamba a masamba (cyclamen ya ku Persia), ndipo mwana wamkazi amaphatikizika pamizu (yofiyira cyclamen). Mitundu yamtundu wa cyclamen iyi imayamba mu Ogasiti-Okutobala patangotha ​​nthawi yovunda, pokhala lopanda masamba. Pokhapokha maluwa atamasulidwa ndi masamba omwe amabisala. Duwa limakhala lolimba nthawi yozizira (limaletseka chisanu mpaka -28ºº), chifukwa chake ndicopindulitsa kwambiri kukula m'munda wotseguka. Imakula bwino padzuwa komanso pamithunzi ya mitengo. Imalekerera chilala ndipo imaphukira nthawi yakugwa, pamene maluwa ambiri amaliza udzu wawo. Ndi cyclamen iyi kuti kuposa wina aliyense amasintha nthawi yanyumba, amakula msanga ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali (mpaka zaka 50). Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mpaka 1972 ku Europe, mitundu iwiri yomaliza ya cyclamen idawonekera pansi pa dzina lomweli - cyclamen european (C. europaeum).

Zingawonekere kwa olima maluwa atsopano kuti kuchita ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso momwe akukonzera ndikovuta, koma sizili choncho nthawi zonse. Ngati mutsatira malangizowo mwatsatanetsatane pakusamalira ndi kusamalira duwa, simungamvetse machitidwe awo okha, komanso mumamvetsetsa mtundu wa cyclamen, ngakhale utagulidwa kuchokera kwa wogulitsa wosakhulupirika.

Kugula kwa cyclamen

Mukamagula cyclamen, choyambirira, muyenera kupenda mosamala kuti pakhale matenda komanso tizirombo. Kuchokera pazomera zamaluwa, ndibwino kuti musankhe yomwe ili ndi masamba ambiri, masamba owoneka bwino ndi fungo labwino. Ngati tuber imatuluka theka la gawo lapansi, ndiye kuti titha kunena kuti ndi cyclamen yaku Persia, ngati itapatsidwa mphamvu, ndiye "European" cyclamen. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mudziwe pafupifupi nthawi yomwe maluwa ndi kugula cyclamen kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, kuti akhale ndi nthawi yokwanira kuti azolowere zinthu zachilendo komanso maluwa. Ngati zizindikilo zonse zikuwonetsa kuti mbewu yomwe sinagulidwe siyimaphukira nthawi yake, muyenera kuchotsa maluwa onse mu stasis kuti tchire lisathe msanga komanso kukhazikitsa mayendedwe awo.

Kupatsirana kwa cyclamen

Mitundu yonse ya ma cyclamens, makamaka yotulutsa maluwa, imagwiritsa ntchito molakwika kufalikira, motero ndikofunika kuisinthira zaka 3-4 zilizonse. Ndondomeko imachitidwa bwino musanayambe kugwira ntchito. Chizindikiro choti ndikusintha ndikukula kwa masamba atsopano (omwe sataya masamba), omwe samapezeka nthawi yopuma. Dothi lodzaliramo limakhala lopepuka komanso lotsekedwa bwino ndi acidic kapena kusalowerera ndale. Gawo labwino kwambiri ndi chisakanizo cha dziko lapansi (turf, humus) ndi mchenga wosakanizika chimodzimodzi. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zopangidwa kale kuchokera kumisika yodziwika bwino. Miphika imatengedwa bwino yaying'ono kuti muchepetse kusayenda kwamadzi ndi acidization ya gawo. Pakabzala, cyclamen tuber yaku Persia imayikidwa kuti gawo lake lachitatu likhale pamwamba pa dothi, tuber "European" imakutidwa ndi dothi lotalika masentimita atatu.

Mikhalidwe ya cyclamen

Chinthu chachikulu mukamasamalira cyclamen ndikuupatsanso kuwunikira komanso kutentha kozizira (12-18 ° C) popanda kukonzekera. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira duwa ndi madzi ofunda. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika m'mphepete mwa chidebe kapena thireyi, koma nthaka itatha. Potentha, mmera umafunika kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kupewa kukhetsa madontho amadzi pamasamba, maluwa ndi mkati mwa malo. Maluwa amakula bwino mchipinda chokhala ndi chowongolera chothandizira mpweya, ndipo nthawi yozizira kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwawindo. Kuzizira kokha kumatsimikizira kukula kwathunthu komanso maluwa ambiri kwa zaka zambiri. Kupitilira muyeso kumatha kupangitsa kuti matenda a fungus atenthedwe, ndipo kutentha kwambiri kwa zomwe zimapangitsa kumatha kusokoneza masamba ndi kuvunda kwawo. Kutentha, kutentha kwambiri, duwa limatha kukhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba kapena nthata za akangaude. Munthawi ya kukula ndi maluwa, cyclamen imafunikira kuvala kwapamwamba, komwe kuyenera kuchitidwa panthaka yonyowa ndi feteleza wamadzimadzi mkati mwa masabata awiri aliwonse.

Kufalitsa kwa cyclamen

Duwa limavomereza mopweteketsa kubala mwanjira yogawa chitsamba. Kuti njirayi ikhale yopambana, ndikofunikira kutenga ma tubers akuluakulu omwe ali ndi malo angapo okula (Persian cyclamen) kapena ana ambiri ("European cyclamen"). Mizere yolekanitsidwa iyenera kuyeretsedwa (yodzazidwa ndi makala) ndikuyanika kwa masiku angapo. Mutabzala, kuthirira nthawi zambiri.

Cyclamen itha kukhala wamkulu pambewu. Kukula kokha kumene kudzafunika kuchokera kwa wolitsa osati luso, komanso kupirira, popeza malupu oyamba a Persian cyclamen adzadikirira mpaka miyezi iwiri, ndi cyclamen wofiirira mpaka sikisi. Maluwa amabwera patangotha ​​chaka chatha kumera.