Momwe mungasungire mbatata?

Masiku ano, mbatata ndi malo otsogola padziko lapansi pambuyo ponga mbewu monga chakudya. Mbatata ndi mitundu yoposa chikwi yomwe imatha kulimidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana munthawi zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, kuti agwiritse ntchito chaka chonse pakudya ndi kufalitsa, chikhalidwechi chimafunikira malo osungira kwa nthawi yayitali. Mbatata zokonzedwa bwino, zomwe zimakhala ndi malo ogulitsa, zitha kusungidwa bwino mpaka miyezi 8-10. Munkhaniyi, tikuuzani momwe mungasungire mbatata zanu kapena zogula.

Momwe mungasungire mbatata.

Nthawi yokolola mbatata posungira nthawi yachisanu

Kukula mbatata pafamu yawo, wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amakumba zitsamba ndi mbatata zazing'ono kapena kukolola m'mbuyomu kuti azigwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse.

Zosungidwa nthawi yachisanu, zosonkhanitsa zoyambirira sizitsimikizira kuti zitetezedwa. Ndi ma tubers okhwima bwino okha omwe ayenera kusungidwa, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuchita zotsatirazi.

Chomera cha mbatata mbatata zimayamba kupanga masamba am'munsi ataphwa. Nthawi yakucha imakhala pafupifupi milungu 3-4. Nthawi imeneyi, nsonga zimaphwa ndikufa, ndipo wowuma ndi zinthu zina zimasonkhana mu tubers, ndikupatsa munthu kukoma ndi fungo lililonse labwino.
Masabata 1-2 asanakolole, nsonga zouma zimatchetchera. Mbatata zimasiyidwa mu nthaka kuti zipse. Mbatata imakutidwa ndi peelse coarse, imapanga maso owuma.
Kukumba mbatata kumayambika nyengo yowuma dzuwa, kotero kuti ma tubers ali ndi nthawi yowuma padzuwa, ndikatha kukonza - komanso kwakanthawi mthunzi.
M'madera otentha, mbatata zimakhazikika pansi, ndipo m'malo ozizira kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri kudziwa nthawi yomwe kukumba ndi nyengo.
Mitundu yoyambira ya mbatata imakololedwa mu Julayi-kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti, pakati - kuyambira pa Ogasiti 10-15 mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi. Chakumapeto - mchaka chachitatu cha Ogasiti - theka loyamba la Seputembala. Ndikosatheka kusunga mbatata m'nthaka yayitali: mvula yakugwa ikhoza kuyamba. Ma tubers amapeza chinyezi chambiri ndikuchepetsa kusunga nyengo yozizira. Ndi chilala chambiri, ma tubers amatha, m'malo mwake, amachepetsa chinyezi, kukhala ofewa kwambiri.

Zogula mbatata zogulira zosungira ziyenera kugula mitundu imodzi. Mitundu yosungidwa bwino ndi mnofu wachikasu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana (pakuwoneka, mtundu wa zamkati) imasungidwa mumtsuko wosiyanasiyana. Musanadzaze mbatata kuti zisungidwe, ndikofunikira kuziwuma mlengalenga kwa masabata 1-3, kuwateteza ku dzuwa kuti asasanduke kubiriwira. Zowonjezera zosungirako ndizofanana pakakulima palokha.

Kukonzekera mbatata kuti zisungidwe

Kuti tisunge bwino mbatata zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa mnyumbamo mpaka nyengo yotsatira, ndikofunikira kukonzekera tubers kuti ikayike mukakolola.

Mbatata zokumbidwazo zimamwazikana kwa maola angapo padzuwa ndikuloleza kuti ziume. Misewu ya Ultraviolet imawononga gawo la kachilombo ka bacteria.
Atagwedeza tubers pansi, amasanjidwa bwino ndikugawa magawo: yayikulu kuti ikhale chakudya, sing'anga yopanga kubereka, yaying'ono podyera mbalame ndi ng'ombe (ngati ilipo). Mbatata zodwala zimalekanitsidwa ndikuwonongeka, zowonongeka makamaka ndi kuwonongeka kwakumapeto, khansa ndi matenda ena oyamba ndi bakiteriya.
Mbatata zosanjidwa amazidonthetsa ndi antifungal biologics (phytosporin, bactofit, ndi zina), zouma mumthunzi, mudzaze chidebe chokonzedwa kuti chisungidwe ndikuyikidwa.
Kuti tisunge mbatata zambiri zathanzi, ndibwino kuti mukukula ndi kusunga mitundu yambiri yapakatikati komanso mochedwa. Koma pakasungidwa, sizifunikira kusakanikirana, popeza mtundu uliwonse umakhala payokha pazofunikira zake zotetezeka.

Mitundu yoyambirira siyisungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo kale mu Novembala tubers ayamba kukhazikika, kutaya kukoma kwawo ndikusakhala koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya. Mitundu yoyambirira imangosungidwa pongofalitsa.

Chidebe chosungira mbatata

Miphika yosungirako mbatata

Kuti mbatata zambiri zikhale zathanzi, zotsatirazi ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa.

Mtundu uliwonse wamalo osungira, sungani kutentha kwa mpweya mkati mwa + 2 ... + 4 ° С. Kutentha kumene, mbatata ikupuma - siyipanga mizu ndipo sikuzizira. Kutentha kotsika kumalimbikitsa kusintha kwa wowuma kukhala dzuwa, pomwe kutentha kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti mizu ipangidwe. Kusungirako kuyenera kukhala ndi ma thermometers oyesa kutentha, komanso kuthekera kochitapo kanthu mukasintha. Ngati kutentha kukwera msanga, tsegulani mpweya, konzekerani mpweya wabwino.

Chinyezi mchipinda chomwe mbatata zimasungidwa siziyenera kupitirira 70-85%. Kuti mudziwe, ikani hygrometer m'chipindacho. Kuwonjezeka kwa chinyezi kumathandizira kuti maonekedwe akuumba. Mphepo yamkati imawuma kapena mpweya wabwino umagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pansi pa malo osungirako mbatata muyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mchenga, makamaka quartz, miyala, miyala, zinthu zina zotulutsa chinyezi. Pansi pa cellar ndi mitundu ina ya storage siyenera kukhala simenti, yokutidwa ndi linoleum, slate yosalala, batten ndi zida zina zofananira, popeza izi zimapeza chinyezi, zomwe zimayambitsa nkhungu ndi njira zina zoyipa.

Nyumba yosungiramo katundu siyenera kukhala ndi kuwala kwausana komanso kuwalitsa kwakanthawi. Kuwala kumathandizira kuti pakhale poizoni wa solanine mu tubato wa mbatata. Mawonekedwe akunja opanga solanine ndi mtundu wobiriwira kapena wamdima wakuda wa tuber. Mbatata zoterezi sizoyenera kudya anthu.

Kuti mupulumutse mbatata ku tizirombo ndi matenda a chisanu, muyenera kukonzekera bwino chipindacho, ndipo, kukonzekera tubers mu chidebe chosavuta.

Patulani pabwino pazirombo zakunja: mbewa, makoswe, slugs.
Tetezani mankhwala m'malo a kachilombo koyambitsa matenda oyamba ndi mabakiteriya (oyaka moto wa sulufule kapena zigawo za sulufule pamatayala achitsulo kapena gwiritsani ntchito njira zina zopatsira mankhwala kuchipinda).

Mitundu Yosungirako

Ngati malowa alola, ma cellars, mapishi, pansi panthaka, maenje a masamba ndi zina zofunika kuzikongoletsa ziyenera kumangidwa kuti azigulitsa zinthu m'nyengo yozizira. Amakhala ndi mashelufu apadera, ma pallet amayikidwa pansi kuti zopangidwa ndi zinthu zochokera kumbali zonse zikhale ndi mpweya wabwino.

Ndizovuta kwambiri kupatsa masamba osungirako nthawi yozizira kwa anthu okhala m'mizindayo, omwe kanyumba kawo kosungirako kali kutali kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi loggia kapena khonde kuti musungidwe. Pankhaniyi, kusungidwa m'matumba, maukonde ndi mabokosi, ngakhale okutidwa ndi malaya akale aubweya, sikoyenera. Ndiwothandiza kupanga mabokosi amatabwa osungira mbatata ndi masamba ena. Zovala zonse zopangidwa ndi mitengo yamatabwa ziyenera kujambulidwa kuti ziziteteza ku chinyezi chakunja.

Kusungirako kosavuta kwambiri pa khonde, loggia, mu makonde kungapangidwe mwaokha ngati bokosi / chifuwa ndi makhoma awiri, pansi ndi chivindikiro. Chidebe chotentha cha nyumba kapena chonyamula khonde pabwino chimakhala chosangalatsa mowoneka komanso chothandiza. Mutha kuzigula kapena kudzipangira nokha. Mitundu yonse yamtundu wanthawi yayitali / yokhazikika imakhala ndi makhoma awiri, pansi komanso chivindikiro. Malo opanda kanthu pakati pa khoma (4-6 cm) mu storages amadzazidwa ndi mtundu uliwonse wa kutchinga (utuchi wouma, zigawo zabwino zouma, chitho cha polystyrene, etc.). Akatswiri amisiri amatha kukonza storages zotere (makamaka, osati zotsekemera) ndi magetsi oyaka ndi magetsi oyendetsera.

Ngati bajeti ya banja ilola, mutha kugula chidebe chofewa cha m'nyumba, kapena chimatchedwa khonde lonyumba. Ili ndi nsalu ya hema wamtundu wa chikwama chachiwiri. Pakati pa khoma la matumba pamakhala chotenthetsera (nthawi zambiri chopanga nthawi yachisanu) ndi chowongolera kutentha kwa magetsi. Khonde lanyumba limasungira zinthu pamtunda wozungulira mpaka -40 ° C. Chapakatikati, m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba chimasonkhanitsidwa, kutsukidwa / kutsukidwa ndikusungidwa m'malo owuma mpaka nthawi yozizira.

Chidebe chosungira mbatata.

Mitundu yazopangira zothira mbatata kuti isungidwe

Kutengera chida cha chosungira mbatata chakonzedwa kuti chitetezedwe mbatata.

Zodziwika kwambiri ndi makatoni amitengo. Kugwetsa mwachidule matabwa, ndipo chotseguka chapamwamba chimathandizira kusinthana kwa mpweya wabwino. Mabokosi okhala ndi makilogalamu 10-12 a mbatata ndiosavuta kunyamula ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, gulitsani zinthuzo. Zojambula zimayikidwa pa racks kapena mashelufu kuti kuyambira pa khoma losungirako malo opanda kanthu ndi osachepera 25-30 cm, kuchokera pansi mpaka pansi pa bokosi / chidebe pafupifupi 15-20 cm komanso kuchokera pamwamba pamphika wa mbatata mpaka padenga osachepera 50-60 cm. otungira opanda kanthu ndi 10-15 cm.

Ndikosavuta kutsata posungira mbatata m'matumba okhala ndi ma mesh, omwe, ngati mabokosi, amapezeka kuti amasungidwa mwachangu ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, amasankha mazira owola, owola, owonongeka komanso odwala.

Ngati makoswe akhazikika munthawi yachisanu, ndiye kuti ndibwino kusungiratu zinthu zopangira ma waya awiri okhala ndi maselo ang'onoang'ono, omwe pansi pake amakwezedwa pansi. Kupyola mu gridi yokhala ndi umodzi, makoko amatuluka ndi kukuta mbali mbatata, moyandikana ndi gululi. Eni ake amasunga mbatata m'mibiya zachitsulo zokhala ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono osinthana ndi mpweya, wokutidwa ndi mauna achitsulo pamwamba.

Malamulo oyambira posunga mbatata

Mbatata zosungidwa zimayenera kuperekedwa ndi mpweya wabwino.
Ndibwino kusungitsa mbatata kuti banja lanu lizisungamo zazing'ono (10-12-15 kg) zomwe zimayikidwa pallet kapena mashelufu, kuphimba kuchokera kumtunda ndi chivundikiro chilichonse kuteteza kuzizira.
Asanayike mbatata kuti zizisungidwa, ndikofunikira kusanja bwino ndikusiyanitsa odwala, owonongeka, ndi timadzala tambiri ndi athanzi.
Ndiwofunika kufalitsa beets pamtunda wa mbatata zomwe zasungidwa. Chinyezi chofinya chomwe chimachokera ku mbatata "zopumira", beets amateteza chakumwachi ku chinyezi chambiri, zomwe zimatsogolera pakugonjetsedwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
Maapulo ochepa omwe amaikidwa m'bokosi lomwe limasungidwa mbatata amachedwetsa kumera.
Mukamaweta mbatata zochuluka, embankment sayenera kupitirira 1.5 m kutalika. Pamwamba muyenera kuphimba mbatata ndi burlap kapena bulangete wakale, bulangeti. Njirayi imachepetsa kuzizira nyengo iliyonse ikadzawonongeka ndipo idzasunga mwayi wosinthana ndi ulere. Ngati pansi ndi kozizira kwambiri, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kuti mumawotha, kuphimba mbatata ndi zinthu zotenga madzi.
Ndi mtundu wina uliwonse wosungira nyengo yachisanu, ndikofunikira kusanja tubers katatu, ndikuchotsa odwala komanso obiriwira.
Mitundu yoyambira ya mbatata nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Sangokhala osungira.

Mbatata zosungidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba.

Mbatata zoyambilira zotsalira pambuyo pa Novembala zimasungidwa ngati chomera chodzala. Sichigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Tubers kumachepa, kutaya chinyontho, kukhala wopanda.

Mbatata zodzala zimasungidwa zofanana ndi chakudya.

Mukayika malo osungirako mbatata zogulidwa, mitundu yotsatirayi ikhoza kutsimikiziridwa: Gatchinsky, Atlant, Scarlet, Seagull, Slavyanka, Zhuravinka, Dolphin, Kolobok, Tiras, Nevsky. Ikasungidwa bwino, imasungika nthawi yayitali mpaka mbewu yatsopano ya mbatata.

Kuyambira mbatata zam'mawa zoyambirira mpaka zitatu Koma, monga lamulo, mitundu yoyambirira imangosungidwa ngati zinthu zodzala.