Masamba owoneka bwino ndi maonekedwe okongola a nyenyezi zokhala ngati nyenyezi, atasonkhana maambulera amitundu ikuluikulu, amakopa okonda mipesa yamkati. Kusamalira hoya kunyumba kudzakhala kofanizira kwa wozunzika onse komanso munthu yemwe amaiwalika kapena yemwe nthawi zambiri amayenda pa bizinesi. Okonza zamkati amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito chomera popendekera - masamba owala a hoya amapatsa khoma lobiriwira mawonekedwe osinthika apadera.
Mitundu ya mbewu 51 yaphatikizidwa pamtundu wa Hoya wa banja la Kutrovy, koma mayina pafupifupi 450 ali mumkhalidwe wosatsimikizika. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, hoya amakula ku India, China, kuzilumba za malawi, ku South Korea ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa kondinendi ya Australia. Mtengowu udatchedwa dzina lolemekeza msungichuma Wachingelezi T. Hoy, yemwe adapereka moyo wake wonse kukulitsa mbewu zotentha m'malo obisalamo Duke of Northumberland.
Chithunzi cha Botanical
Hoya ndi mbewu zosatha ndi zopindika, kukwera, nthawi zina ndimayambira. Masamba awo ndi amtundu wachikopa, owoneka amtundu wa emarodi, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a sheen, mpaka 20 cm, 5 cm mulifupi, amapezeka moyang'anizana ndi zithunzi.
Maluwa ali ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, ndi oyera ngati chipale, zonona, ndimu, chikasu kapena simoni, wokhazikika mu inflillcence ya axillary. Ma Corollas ndi pamiyala isanu, yokhala ndi minofu, yosalala, ngati kuti velvet ikugwira.
Mu chikhalidwe chamkati, mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi:
- Meaty hoya, kapena sera ivy (H. carnosa), ndi mpesa wokhala ndi maluwa oyera kapena oyera onyezimira a beige.
- H. majestic (H. imperialis) - chomera chokwera chokhala ndi maluwa onunkhira amdima.
- South Hoya (H. australis) - achikunja okwawa amawombera ndi maluwa oyera okhala ndi malo ofiira.
- H. wokongola (H. bella) - chitsamba chokhala ndi maluwa obiriwira ndi maluwa apinki onunkhira bwino, otchuka pakukula kwakukulu.
Kubzala Hoya kunyumba
Ochita maluwa amayesa kubzala mbewu ndi kuzika mizu. Ndi kudekha pang'ono, ndikutheka kukulitsa hoya kuchokera ku tsamba loyera. Musanayambe kubereka hoya kunyumba, muyenera kuzolowera njira zomwe zilipo zatsopano zopezera mbewu zatsopano.
Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yobereketsa hoya ndi chiyambi cha nyengo yokukula. Ngakhale mbewuyo ilibe nthawi yopumulira, kukula kwake kumachepa nthawi yozizira. Kubwera kwa nyengo ya masika, hoya ndiwosavuta kubereka, ngakhale kuyesa kuzula mphukira kungachitike m'miyezi ingapo, koma osati pa nthawi ya maluwa.
Hoya: kufalitsa ndi odulidwa
Zidulidwazo zimadulidwa kuchokera kumtundu wathanzi. Iyenera kukhala yaifupi - 5-6 masentimita, yopangidwa ndi ma mbiri awiri ndi ma pepala awiri a 1-2. Masamba am'munsi amachotsedwa, ndikusiya awiri apamwamba okha. Asanazike mizu ya hoya, phesi liuma kwa maora angapo, ndiye kuti kagawo kamayesedwa ndi muzu wothandiza - heteroauxin, zircon kapena muzu, ndikuyika m'manda osakanikirana ndi dothi kapena mumadzi.
Zosiyanasiyana za gawo lapansi zodula mizu:
- peat ndi mchenga wotengedwa mbali zofanana;
- Magawo awiri a nthaka yachonde ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga;
- mapiritsi a peat;
- vermiculitis;
- moss sphagnum.
Mbale yokhala ndi chogwirizira choyikidwa m'madzi kapena gawo lophimbidwa ndi pulasitiki wokutira kapena galasi pamwamba ndikuwanyowa nthawi zonse kuchokera ku botolo lothira, musaiwale kupukusa pafupipafupi. Alimi odziwa maluwa amagwiritsa ntchito mabotolo apulasitiki, omwe ali ndi gawo lodulira, ndipo amapatsa mpweya mwa kutulutsa nkhata.
Chombo chomwe chili ndi mizu yodulidwa chimayikidwa pamalo otentha pomwe kumatha kukhalabe kutentha kwa madigiri 22 Celsius. Mizu idzawonekera pambuyo pa masabata awiri. Chodzala chimadzalidwa mumphika wodziyimira popanda kudikirira mizu yoyambira, chifukwa, pofutukula, mizu yophweka imasweka mosavuta ikamabisidwa.
Kufalikira kwa tsamba la Hoya
Masamba amasankhidwa athanzi komanso achichepere, aduleni ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka petiole - ndipamene kukula kwake kuli. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa, kudula m'munsi kwambiri, kumakhalabe tsamba lomata pansi, ngakhale mizu, osapanga mphukira.
Njira yopezera buku latsopano kuchokera papepala lofanana ndi momwe hoya amafalira podzidulira. Kubzala zinthu nawuma ndi kuthandizira ndi muzu kapena zina zolimbikitsira mizu. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi dothi ndizofanana, komabe masamba amabzalidwa mumphika wophika wazidutswa zingapo ndikudyetsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Zimatenga nthawi yochulukirapo, pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, chithunzi chazithunzi chisanakhazikike pa tsamba lozika.
Kukula Hoya kuchokera ku Mbewu
M'munda wamkati, ntchito yoyendetsa mungu ndi yovuta, ndipo ndizosatheka kukhala mwini wa zinthu zobzala. Komabe, ndi mwayi uliwonse, zitha kugulidwa ku malo ogulitsira apadera kapena kulamula kwa ogulitsa. Mbeu za hoya zomwe zili pachithunzichi zimawoneka zazing'ono, zokhala ndi ma hemispherical komanso amdima akuda, okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi dandelion. Zimacha m'matumba ang'onoang'ono. Kubzala mu dothi osakaniza, wopangidwa ndi masamba ndi malo osungika osakanizidwa ndi sphagnum moss, akuyenera kukhala mchaka chopereka.
Mphukira zimawonekera mwachangu, patatha pafupifupi sabata limodzi. Dothi limathiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse, koma onetsetsani kuti madzi ochulukirapo amayenderera mu poto kudzera m'maenje okuya. Chombo chomwe chili ndi mbande chimasungidwa pakona kotentha, ndipo patatha miyezi itatu chomera chokhala ndi masamba 2-4 chimabzalidwa m'mbale zosiyanasiyana. Popewa matenda oyamba ndi fungus, nthawi ndi nthawi owonongedwa ndi madzi a Bordeaux.
Kudziwa momwe mungakulire hoya kuchokera kumbewu, mitundu yatsopano yambiri imapezeka, komabe, kwa mbewu zosakanizidwa njirayi sioyenera kwathunthu - mawonekedwe a makolo amitundu yosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri amatayika.
Wogulitsa Hoya kunyumba
Hoya samakonda kusinthidwa pafupipafupi. Chomera chakale chimasinthidwa kukhala chatsopano china chilichonse pakatha zaka 2-3, zitsanzo zapamwamba - chaka chilichonse. Ndikofunikira nthawi zonse kuti mlimi wa maluwa ayambe kudziwa kuti ndi poto yanji yomwe imafunikira hoya ndi momwe mungabyala mbewu moyenera, kusankha zinthu zofunika kwambiri popanga kusakaniza kwa dothi.
Kusankha kwa mphika ndi nthawi yothira
Zisangalalo zimakula bwino m'zombo zazing'onoting'ono, zimachulukitsa michere yambiri, "imakhala" kwanthawi yayitali m'malo mwake ndipo imakana kuphuka. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kubzala mbewuyo mumphika wochepa. Zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira sizimagwira ntchito yofunika. Wofesayo amangofunika kukumbukira kuti chinyezi chimatuluka msanga kuchokera mu thanki yadothi kuposa pulasitiki imodzi, ndipo muyenera kusintha njira yothirira.
Poika hoya ndikofunikira. Madzulo a nyengo yachisanu, simuyenera kuyamba kumuyika, ndibwino kudikirira masika.
Zomera zomwe zimasunthidwa kumalo osakanizirana ndi dothi latsopano sizimamera bwino ndipo zimafa nthawi yayitali, osachira.
Mlimi wa Hoya
Dothi la hoya limapezeka mu shopu yamaluwa apadera kapena pangani gawo lanu. Zotheka kusankha ziwiya:
- pepala - 2 magawo;
- peat - 1 gawo;
- dziko la turf - gawo limodzi;
- mchenga - 1 gawo.
Potengera kubzala mbewu zambiri zokhwima, magawo a 0,5 a humus amawonjezedwanso. Tsiku latha, hoya amadzaza madzi kotero kuti palibe mavuto panthawi yochotsa duwa mumphika wakale.
Kwa Hoya wokongola, mufunika kusakaniza kwa dothi pang'ono - gawo limodzi:
- pepala;
- wosweka mizu ya fern;
- fibrous peat;
- mchenga;
- Zigawo 0,5 za zidutswa zosweka za makala.
Kodi kubzala hoya?
Ndikofunika kusokoneza mizu pang'ono, ngati zingatheke, gwiritsani ntchito njira yopatsirana. Khosi la muzu limayikidwa mulingo wofanana ndi tanki lapitalo. Ikani mbewuyo pakati pa mphika, ndikugwira ndi dzanja limodzi, tsanulirani dothi kuti lisawononge mizu. Ngati hoya ili ndi zithunzi zachikale, isanasunthire mbewuyo pachidebe chatsopano, thandizo limalimbikitsidwa, kenako dimba limabzalidwa kuti lisavulaze mizu yomwe idakankhidwira munthaka.
Zofunikira pakuziika ndikuti nthaka ya hoya iyenera kumasuka, mpweya- ndi chinyontho-chovomerezeka, popanda kusalolera kapena pang'ono asidi.
Hoya: chisamaliro chakunyumba ndi chithunzi
Chomera ndichosavuta kusamalira. Njira zazikulu zothandizira kusunga hoya sizosiyana ndikusamalira maulendo ambiri.
Zofunikira pakuyika
Liana amakonda malo owala bwino m'nyumba. Koma chogundidwa ndikuwotcha pansi pama pepala azitsamba siyenera kuphatikizidwa. Mawindo akum'mwera chakum'mawa kapena kum'mwera kwa windows ndi koyenera, bola ngati pali kuwala.
Mtengowo suyenera kusokonezedwa ndikusunthika kwa maluwa.
Mitengo yotentha ya omwe amathandizira kutentha imakhala yotentha. Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira imakhala pa kutentha osati kosakwana 12 degrees Celsius. M'nyengo yotentha, mbewu sizikhala ndi chidwi ndi kutentha kwambiri, zimathina ndipo zimawoneka zopsinjika ngati sizithandiza mwachangu. Amayankha mokondwa kusamukira kumunda kapena kukhonde, komwe kumakhala miyezi yotentha. Ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa usiku mpaka madigiri 15 kapena kutsika pang'ono, hoya imalowetsedwa mnyumbamo.
Kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa
Mitundu yofutukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hoya ndi yosiyana. Zomera zokhala ndi masamba olimba zimathiriridwa mutayanika masentimita angapo a kumtunda kwa dothi. South Hoya imafunikira chinyezi chokhazikika, koma osati chonyowa.
Mitundu yokhala ndi masamba opyapyala komanso a pubescent amakonda kukula mu zosakanikirana zapadziko lapansi komanso mthunzi pang'ono wamawindo akumadzulo. Komabe, acidization dothi lomwe lili mumphika liyenera kupewedwa.
Chomera chimakonda kupopera mbewu, komabe, ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa chipinda komanso kuchepa kwa masana, kufunika kowonjezera chinyezi cha mpweya kumazimiririka.
Kudyetsa Hoya
Zomera nthawi zambiri zimadyetsedwa ndi mchere wophatikiza ndi maluwa. Onjezerani kuthirira madzi mukutsatira mosamalitsa ndi kuchuluka komwe akuwonetsa wopanga pa phukusi. Pafupipafupi kavalidwe kapamwamba simangokhala nthawi yopitilira 1 pamwezi.
Musana feteleza hoya, ndimathiriridwa bwino tsiku lathalo. Omwe alimi ena ali ndi chidwi choti pasakhale calcium. Akatswiri ambiri amavomereza kuti mtengowo suyankha bwino kumadzi olimba, chifukwa chake, suthandizira izi.
Ambiri amasamalanso za funso loti ayenge nyambo. Mtengowo umadulidwa mchaka kuti uyambitse kukulitsa mitundu yakunja ndikupatsa liana mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri.
Momwe mungapangire Hoya pachimake kunyumba
Eni maluwa ambiri amadandaula kuti hoya sukutulutsa. Momwe mungasamalire hoya kuti musangalale ndi maluwa onunkhira odabwitsa chaka chilichonse? Ogulitsa maluwa odziwa ntchito yolima ndi utsi wa ivy amalangizidwa kuti azilimitsa mbeu kuti izitha kukonza nyengo yozizira, kupereka nthawi yopumira, osawamwetsa madzi ambiri, osawadyetsa nkomwe. Chomera chikapanda kutentha, sipadzakhala maluwa.
Pambuyo pamathandizo a hoya wilt, maluwa omwe samata - mu nyengo yotsatira, maambulera adzapangidwanso pa iwo.
Feteleza wa Hoya wokhala ndi zinthu zambiri za nayitrogeni amaletsa mapangidwe. Ndikofunikira kusankha kukonzekera komwe ma nitrogen sangakhalepo kwathunthu kapena pali zochepa zochepa.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo pakukula
Zolakwika posamalira hoya zimaphatikizaponso kuzungulira kwa gawo lapansi. Zotsatira zake - kuwonongeka kwa mizu, kenako mbewu yonse yokhala ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Kuchokera pakuwala, mphesa umakula pang'onopang'ono ndikukana kuphuka. Ndipo kutentha kukagwera m'chipindacho, kutsika ndi madigiri 15, kutaya masamba.
Pakati pa tizirombo touluka, tizilombo tambiri, nkhupakupa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zinaonedwa. Kuchita mobwerezabwereza mankhwala ophera tizirombo timathandiza kuchotsa. Ndikosavuta kuthana ndi mizu yazomera - zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira, ndipo chifukwa chazovuta za mbewuyo chikamveka, imachedwa kwambiri kupulumutsa mbewuyo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kulabadira njira zopewera - kuphera tizilombo ta maluwa ndi kugula zosakaniza za nthaka.
Hoya ali ndi mafani ambiri. Kutalika kwa maluwa ake kutuluka nthawi zonse kumayambitsa chidwi ndi kudabwitsa kwa cholengedwa chachilendo. Kusamalira hoya kunyumba ndi mphamvu ya aliyense, ngakhale wosazindikira. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito osachitapo khama kwambiri. Koma ndiye chisomo chochuluka bwanji pazithunzi zazikulu komanso maambulera okongola!
