Ngakhale ma lupins sanatchuke chifukwa cha mitundu yawo, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana zamitundu ya wokondedwa wamuyaya. Ma lupin ali okonzeka kudabwitsidwa osati ndi mitundu yokha ya mitundu yambiri ya masamba omwe ali ndi masamba ambiri kapena mawonekedwe okongoletsa a lupins achaka chilichonse omwe alibe chidwi. Pakati pa mbewuzi pali mitundu yomwe imadabwitsa mu mawonekedwe awo - lupins North America, yomwe imatha kukhala kunyada kwa chopereka ndipo imakopa chidwi iwo omwe amakonda exoticism.
Arctic Lupine (Lupinus arcticus)Achibale aku America a lupins
Ziphuphu sizimapita konse ndipo zimapita. Sangokhala pachabe powaganizira kuti ndiwachilengedwe, wopanda ulemu, wolimba komanso wokongoletsa nthawi imodzi. Zilichonse zomwe zimakambidwa, phindu lawo panthaka komanso kukongola kwa maluwa oyenda bwino ndi osatsutsika. Zonse zapachaka komanso zodziwika bwino kwaife zosatha zimatha kuthana ndi vuto lililonse. Ndipo ngakhale ndizosiyana pang'ono pamlingo, ndipo ntchentchentche zam'madzi zimaganiziridwa kwathunthu ngati siderata, izi ndizodziwika bwino kwa aliyense wobzala. Koma mu banja la lupins palinso mitundu ingapo yamitundu yambiri ya zokongoletsa kwambiri. Pakati pawo pali lupins zotere zomwe ochepa adazimvapo, koma pafupifupi aliyense adasilira - ngati sichoncho mwachilengedwe, ndiye pazithunzi zokongola.
Popanda lupins, munthu sangayerekezere malo amodzi a chilimwe kumadzulo kwa USA. Mapiri a Rocky okongola, minda yokongola ya Colorado, malingaliro abusa ku dzuwa la California ndi omwe ali "chithunzi" chawo kwa ma lupins. Gulu lapadera la mitundu yaku North America limasiyana ndi ma lupins odziwika bwino pazinthu zingapo zokongoletsa.
Chowoneka mosiyana ndi mapin onse aku North America ndi mtundu wawo wamitundu. Mu mbewu izi, pafupifupi nthawi zonse mtunduwo umayimiridwa ndi mithunzi yamadzi ozizira - kuyambira oyera mpaka opepuka komanso apakatikati, matalala ofewa a buluu, lilac, lilac, papo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa matani komanso mitundu yapadera ya utoto sikungadabwe motere chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwakumera kwa mbewu komanso mtundu wamtengo wapatali wazitsamba. Pafupifupi nkhokwe zonse za ku North America ndi mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi silvery, m'mphepete mwaimaso. Masamba a mbewu amawoneka abwino komanso osangalatsa, amaoneka osiyana ndi magawo aliwonse, kulola izi kukhala ngati nyenyezi zenizeni zamtundu wina uliwonse ngakhale musanafike maluwa. Kutalika kwambiri kwa nkhokwe zaku North America nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotalika masentimita 50-60, koma pali mbewu zomwe zimakhala zowongoka kwambiri kotero kuti zimaphuka pansi. Makungu oterewa amapanga mawanga ndi zopota, amakula kutalika kwake, ngakhale kuti tchire losangalatsa silimakhala lalitali, koma limaligonjetsa mosiyana: limawoneka ngati mbewu zowirira modabwitsa. Ndikosatheka kupanga mphukira m'matapeti pansi pa masamba ambiri.
Ma lupins aku North America, ngakhale ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera, masamba okongola komanso maluwa ochulukirapo a buluu, ali ndi njira yawoyake yofunika. Zomera sizothandiza pachabe ndipo masiku ano, zimangodziwika chifukwa cha achibale ochepa ndipo owerengeka adayambitsidwa mchikhalidwe, sanalandirebe kugawa ndi chidwi. Kupatula, ma lupins onse aku North America ndi mbewu zazifupi, nthawi zambiri zimatha kukhala zowonongera zachilengedwe, zomwe sizipanga zipatso zokha, koma chifukwa chodzilimitsa. Kulima kwawo sikuti nthawi zonse ntchito yofananira, nthawi zina kumafuna kubwezeretsa mbeu zatsopano zikatha kapena kulimidwa kwatsopano kwa mitundu yatsopano. Chifukwa chake, ma lupins aku North America akhoza kulimbikitsidwa kokha kwa iwo omwe amakonda kufalitsa mbewu pawokha, ngati zinthu zachilendo ndipo ali okonzeka kuyang'ana izi zomwe zimapezeka kunja, ndikwaniritsa malingaliro awo onse.
Lupine Brevera (Lupinus breweri).
Mitundu ya Ma Lupin ochokera ku USA
Amakhulupirira kuti mukamayenda kudera lakumadzulo kwa United States ndizosatheka kuti musakomane ndi lupins, mbewu izi zimasiyana kwambiri ku America chifukwa cha kuyimira kwawo kwapadera. Nyama zaku North America, kuchuluka kwa mitundu yomwe imayezedwa osati kuchuluka, koma mazana, imapangabe chisokonezo m'magawidwewo ndikuyambitsa mikangano pakati pa akatswiri. Ndi mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe opitilira United States, palibe zovuta kuzindikiritsa zomwe zingachitike. Zowonadi, pakupanga kwa minda gwiritsani mitundu 6 ya North America yokha. Ndipo tonse tili ndi mbewu zosowa kwambiri.
Siliva lupine (Lupinus argenteus) ikhoza kutchedwa chizindikiro cha lupins onse aku North America. Mtengowo ndi wokongola modabwitsa mutabzidwa m'magulu akulu, opusa, okongola komanso osangalatsa. Uku ndikukongoletsa kwenikweni kwa malo a ku America, osasintha momwe amasinthira kukula, mawonekedwe, ndi mitundu kutengera mikhalidwe, wotchuka chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kuzoloŵera m'malo osiyanasiyana. Kutalika, lupine zasiliva limatha kukhala 15-20 cm kapena kupitirira 60 cm mu nthaka yachonde. Masamba opindika okhala ndi m'mphepete mwa silika amakhala pamitengo yayitali ndikudabwitsidwa ndi malovu owonda, masamba okhala pamwamba komanso onunkhira bwino a siliva, omwe nthawi zina amatha. Maluwa okhala ndi zonenepa komanso zazitali mpaka masentimita 12 othana ndi utoto wamtambo ndikuwoneka ngati timiyala totseguka tosakhazikika pamagulo owala komanso owala. Kutali kwambiri, chifukwa cha mitundu yofananira, lupine iyi itha kukhala yolakwika ngakhale kwa sage kapena catnip. Mtundu wa maluwawo ndi wabuluu, wokhala ndi ma periwinkle, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malo oyera kapena ofiira. Kutentha nthawi yotentha kungapangitse kuti utoto ukhale wotumbulika kapena, mosiyana, wakuda bii. Zomera, zomwe zimakulirakulira mosalekeza, zimadabwitsa ndi mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa a makatani ndi mawanga, omwe samatha kutchedwa kuti amakongoletsa. Pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro awa, mutha kupanga mawonekedwe omasuka kapena kupitiliza kukhalanso. Nthawi zina, mitundu yokhala ndi masamba oyera a siliva kapena mawonekedwe ake okongoletsa amapezeka pogulitsa - lupine losalala ndi maluwa akuda ndi masamba otchedwa silvery. Kutulutsa kwa lupine kumudzi kumachitika kumayambiriro komanso pakati pa chilimwe, koma nafe nthawi zambiri timayamba maluwa mu Ogasiti ndi Seputembala.
Siliva Lupine (Lupinus argenteus).
Chosangalatsa kwambiri cha lupins zonse zomwe mungakumane nacho sichingatheke arctic lupine (Lupinus arcticus) Mtunduwu sunatchulidwepo mwangozi: mtengowu umapezeka ku Alaska ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo ovuta kwambiri. Kutalika kwa ma lupinswa kumakhala pafupifupi 40-50 cm, tchire ndilopakata kwambiri, ll, chotsamira chobiriwira chimadutsa kutalika. Masamba ndi okongola kwambiri, osinthika, wobiriwira wakuda wokhala ndi pachimaso pachimake. Mphukira ndiwotalikirapo, wovekedwa korona ndi spikelets zazikulu za inflorescence. Chiwerengero cha ma peduncle amatha kufikira makumi angapo pachitsamba chimodzi. Mpaka pomwe maluwa atamasuka, ma inflorescence amawoneka ngati "mabulangete" otentha chifukwa cha manda othamanga, ndiye amadabwa ndi mitundu ya buluu yokhala ndi utoto wofiirira wa mlomo wam'munsi komanso malo oyera oyera pamiyala yapamwamba, ndikupatsanso mbewuyo ndikuwonetsa kuti maluwa omwe ali m'makutu a inflorescence alibe zolimba. Maluwa a arctic lupine amatulutsa mu June ndi Julayi. Ndi mawonekedwe ake okongola ndi zambiri zachilengedwe, chomeracho chimawoneka ngati chozizwitsa chakampani iliyonse.
Arctic Lupine (Lupinus arcticus).
Chimawoneka ngati chomera ichi Nutkan Lupine (Lupinus nootkatensis- - Chomerachi ndikuchokeranso ku Alaska. Kutalika kwake kuyambira 40 cm mpaka pafupifupi mita imodzi kumamupangitsa kuti apange tchire lakuthwa, modabwitsa. Masamba okhala ndi timabowo tosakhazikika timakhala pamtunda wautali, womwe umangowonjezera kukula kwa mbewu. Imayenda m'mizere yambiri, yotakata, yokhala ndi maluwa a lilac-violet okhala ndi utoto wosalala komanso mitsempha yowoneka bwino. Kutalika kwa mabulashi a inflorescence kuli mpaka masentimita 25. Mtunduwu umatha kuphuka ngakhale mu Meyi. Ngakhale maluwa ambiri amapezeka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.
Nutkan Lupine (Lupinus nootkatensis).
Lupine Lepidus (Lupinus lepidus) - mawonekedwe odziwika kwambiri komanso omwe adayamba kale kukhala openda. Ma lupine amenewa amapanga ma sodi wokongola kwambiri okhala ndi m'mphepete mwa siliva. Makatoni achikoko ndi okongola modabwitsa, koma chomeracho chimakongoletsa kwenikweni kutalika kwa chilimwe, pomwe sentimita isanu, ikafupikitsa maluwa okhala ndi utoto wonyezimira, wamtundu wa buluu wamtunda wamtunda mpaka 10 mpaka 20 cm. Maluwa amayamba pamlingo wapansi, kenako ma pedunances amatuluka pang'onopang'ono. Chomera ichi chikuwoneka chokhudza mtima komanso chosangalatsa, makapeti siofota kwenikweni, koma okongola kwambiri.
Lupine lepidus (Lupinus lepidus).
Lupine Brevera (Lupinus breweri) imakondanso kulima ma rug. Uwu ndi mtundu wocheperako wa ma lupins, kutalika kwake komwe sikupita masentimita 15 pakubala kwa maluwa. Amayamba kukhala ngati mapilo owoneka ngati masamba amiyala ya siliva-emaridi wokhala ndi m'mphepete wokongola komanso wautali, inflorescence yofupikika yokhala ndi maluwa amdima akuda ndi malo osiyana. Kutulutsa kwa lupine wapadera kumapitilirabe nthawi yonse yotentha, chifukwa cha kutuluka kwamdima ndipo kumachoka pamalowo kumawoneka ngati chivundikiro chamdima wakuda.
Lupine Brevera (Lupinus breweri).
Mtundu wina wa North American lupins - wideleaf lupine (Lupinus latifolius) azitha kuyamikirira okhawo omwe amakhala kum'mwera, chifukwa kutentha kwake kwazizira kumangokhala madigiri -18 okha. Ndiwosakhazikika pamtunda wofunda mpaka wautali wa mita, ndipo masamba ake anali achikondi pazitali zazitali. Ma inflorescence ndi akulu, mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 45, otayirira, ali ndi maluwa obiriwira amtundu wakuda. Mtengowo umadabwitsanso ndi utoto, ngati kuti utazimiririka, womwe umakhala chiphokoso choyera kwambiri, komanso kamvekedwe koyamba.
Broadleaf Lupine (Lupinus latifolius).
Kugwiritsa ntchito North American Lupins mu Kukongoletsa M'minda
Maonekedwe achilendo a North American lupins, omwe ayamba kumene kutsegulidwa nafe, amawalola kuti azioneka ngati nyenyezi zenizeni. Ndiwofanana nthawi yomweyo koma siofanana ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino, imawoneka yamtengo wapatali, yabwino komanso yapadera. Ndipo amapanga mawonekedwe oterowo nthawi zonse komanso kulikonse, koma kusankha koyenera komwe akupanga komanso malo owazungulira kungawapangitse kunyadira kwenikweni kwa dimba lanu.
Pakupanga mundawo, ma lupins aku North America angagwiritsidwe ntchito:
- pamasamba otsetsereka;
- m'miyala yamiyala;
- m'mapiri obiriwira bwino ndi minda yamiyala yamkati;
- m'minda yonyamula miyala;
- ngati chomera choti chiwala;
- pamakoma othandizira kapena otsetsereka;
- kutsogolo kuli mabedi amaluwa okhala ndi dothi lamiyala;
- m'magulu azithunzi ndi masifayilo;
- mumapangidwe achilengedwe;
- mu kapangidwe ka minda yazithunzi;
- m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi (lupine nutkansky).
Mkhalidwe amitundu yosowa ya lupins
Dothi lodzala nkhokwe zaku North America liyenera kufanana ndi malo awo okhala. Popeza lupin zonse zimakonda kumera m'mapiri, m'miyala ndi dothi lopepuka, m'mundamo, kumangoyala, mchenga, wamchenga, wamchenga kapena wamchenga. Zomera izi zimakondedwa ndi osauka m'malo opatsa thanzi dothi. Pa dothi wamba, ndikofunika kuti muyike dothi lokwanira. Malo oyenera kwambiri ndi malo okhala ndi miyala, minda yamiyala, malo okwera kapena achilengedwe. Ngakhale chiopsezo chochepa kwambiri chodzaza madzi, kuchepa kwa madzi, kusayenda kwa madzi kumafuna njira zina zowonjezera, kapena pogona pena.
Mukamasankha malo a North American lupins, ndikwabwino kuyimilira kumapiri akumwera, otetezedwa ku mphepo komanso zojambula, m'malo otentha. Mthunzi wazomera sungayime. Amabzalidwa m'malo otentha okha.
Nutkan Lupine (Lupinus nootkatensis).
Chisamaliro cha Lupine ku North America
Ma lupin achichepere amafunikira chinyontho cha dothi labwino. Koma ndi kuthirira kwa izi mbewu muyenera kusamala kwambiri: mitundu iyi imatha kufa ngakhale ndikungowaza madzi pang'ono. Ngati dothi lasankhidwa bwino, mbewuzo ndizotetezedwa kuti zisakhumudwike, ndiye kuti nthawi yothirira mbewu zazing'ono ndibwino kuyendetsa nthaka kuti isanyowe komanso kuti madzi asasefukira. Makuponi a North America safuna kuthirira, koma kuti muwone bwino kwambiri maluwa, ndibwino kuti azitha kuthiririra pokonza nthawi zowuma. Makamaka okonda chinyezi ndi Nutan lupine yekha, amene amakonda kuthirira nthawi zonse.
Makuponi aku North America amakonda nthaka yosauka ndipo safunikira feteleza. Kusamalira iwo, kupatula kuthirira, sikufunika. Mukamaliza maluwa, mutha kudula mitengo yoyenda yokha, koma ndibwino kuti mbewuyo ibala zipatso momasuka, kumwaza mbewuzo, ndi kutolera zina zake mtsogolo: motere mbewu imangoyambiranso yokha.
Zisanu za lupin zosowa
Ma lupins onse aku North America (kupatula wideleaf) ndi mbewu zodziwika bwino. Amatha kupirira ngakhale chisanu chozizira kwambiri chotsika madigiri 40 a chisanu, safuna kukonzekera nyengo yozizira. Ngati mu April mulibe mbewu, ndiye kuti izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino kwachilengedwe ndikufa, osati nyengo yachisanu yopanda tanthauzo.
Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Ma lupins athu aku North America amadwala ma slgs ndi nkhono zokha, komwe kuli bwino kuchitapo kanthu pasadakhale, kukhazikitsa misampha ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zolimbana. Akakulidwa mumphika kapena chikhalidwe cham'madzi, kuphatikiza m'miyala yamiyala yamkati, ma lupin ochokera ku United States nthawi zambiri amadwala nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata za kangaude ndi nthata zofiira, ndi tizirombo tina. Ndikwabwino kulimbana ndi tizilombo nthawi yomweyo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Kubala North America Lupins
Kusavuta kwa kubereka kwa mbewu ndi njira yofunikira osati kungogawana mabulidwe ochokera ku USA mwachilengedwe, komanso kumasuka kwazomera zawo. Chaka chilichonse, ndibwino kusonkhanitsa gawo lina ndikusungira, kuti nthawi zonse pamakhala mwayi wobzala mbewuzo pokhapokha ngati itafa ndi kuzimiririka, kudzilimitsa mwadala sikungokhala mwangozi.
Mbewu zobzalidwa zimabzalidwa m'nthaka mwachindunji. Mu yophukira, kufesa kumachitika kokha m'madera okhala ndi nyengo yofunda, yophimba mbewu isanu chisanu. Panjira yapakatikati, kufesa masika ndikofunikira, pambuyo poti chiwopsezo chobwerera chisanu chitha. Mwezi wa Meyi ngakhalenso wa June sizikhala zovuta kusamalira mbewu chifukwa chakuti nkhokwe zotere zimatuluka mwachangu - sabata limodzi kapena awiri, kenako ndikukula.
Kubzala kumachitika mosazama komanso pang'ono, m'nthaka yopanda michere m'mabedi kapena m'malo okhazikika. Mkhalidwe waukulu wamera wochezeka ndi chinyezi chokhazikika. Zomera zisanapangire masamba awiri enieni, mphukira zimadulidwa kapena kubzalidwa patali 15-25 cm pakati pa tchire. Mutha kubowola mbewu osati pamalo okhazikika, koma pamenepa, kuphatikizira kumatha kukhala vuto. Ma lupin achichepere amapatsidwa kuthirira muchilala ndikuteteza mbewu ku namsongole pomera nthawi zonse.
