Muzu wokhala ndi mitengo yobiriwira ya pamera (Paeonia anomala), wotchedwa peony, kapena muzu wa marin, kapena peony wamtendere, kapena peony wosakhazikika, ndi mtundu wa mtundu wa Peony. Nthawi zambiri, chomera choterechi chimapezeka ku Siberia, ndipo chimakonda kumera m'matanthwe, m'mipata ya mitsinje, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango zosakanikirana. Mtunduwu ndi ena omwe ali pangozi, ndipo adalembedwa mu Red Book of the Komi Republic. Mu dzina la mitundu, mawu akuti "anomala", otanthauzidwa kuti "osadziwika" kapena "olakwika", adawonekera chifukwa choti nthawi yophukira mbewuyi imasiyana ndi ena oimira mtundu wa Peony mu mtundu wake. Mtunduwu wabzalidwa kuyambira 1788. Omwe amalima amalima khola ngati chomera chokongoletsera komanso chokongoletsera. Monga chomera chamafuta, dzina la mtunduwu - muzu wa marin - lidatchuka kwambiri.
Zolemba pamizu ya marin
Muzu wazomera wotchedwa herbaceous rhizome uli ndi tsinde lopendekeka, kutalika kwake kungafikire mamita 1.2. Mizu ya mbewu yotere imapezeka mozungulira. Amaphatikizanso ndi timachubu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ngati timizeremizere, komanso mizu yofinya. Thupi loyera la muzu limakhala ndi fungo lokoma ndi fungo labwino. Kawiri komwe kamatulutsidwa m'mbale zokhala ndi lanceolate lobes petiolate masamba ndi kutalika kwa 0.3 m ndi mulifupi womwewo. Maluwa m'mimba mwake amachokera mainchesi 10 mpaka 12, ali ndi mitundu 5 ya utoto wofiirira kapena wapinki, palinso zonunkhira zambiri. Maluwa amayamba mu Meyi kapena June. Chipatsochi chimakhala ndi timapepala ta masamba 3-5, m'masiku oyamba a Ogasiti, mbewu zakuda za mtundu wakuda ziyenera kupsa.
Kukula muzu wa marija
Tikufika muzu
Pofalitsa mizu ya marin, mbewu ndi njira yamasamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati pali peony chotere m'mundamo, ndiye kuti chitsamba chitha kufalitsidwa ndikugawa nthambizo. Pogwiritsa ntchito chida chakuthwa kwambiri, chimayenera kudulidwa m'magawo angapo, poganizira kuti chidutswa chilichonse chimayenera kukhala ndi impso ndi mizu. Malo omwe mabala amayenera kuwaza ndi malasha osweka. Kenako ogawikirawo amasiyidwa poyera kuti magawo amatha kuwuma. Kuti muwabzala, muyenera kukonzekera mabowo a masentimita 50x50x50 kukula kwake, komwe muyenera kudzaza 2/3 ndi dothi losakanizirana ndi dimba, mchenga ndi humus, mukufunikiranso kuthira magalamu 20 a superphosphate ndi mchere wa potaziyamu. Maenjewo, omwe adagawikamo, adakutidwa ndi dothi lambiri, nthaka yake ndi yolimba. Madongosolo obzala amafunika kuthirira kwambiri. Mukabzala, muyenera kukumbukira kuti mtunda pakati pa tchire uyenera kukhala osachepera 0,7 m. Peony yosinthayo imagawika ndikugawidwa nthawi yophukira madzulo kapena tsiku lamvula. Mutabzala, mbewuyo sichimaphuka nthawi yoyamba. Chaka chamawa, muzu wapamadzi umaphukira, koma maluwa sadzakhala ochulukirapo, chifukwa mbewuyo imafunikira nthawi kuti ipeze mphamvu.
Ndikotheka kukula chikhalidwe ichi kuchokera pambewu. Mbewu zomwe mudadziphatikiza zimafunikira magawo awiri. Poyamba, mbewuyo imaphatikizidwa ndi mchenga wonyowa, pomwe imayenera kukhala milungu 8-12 pamtunda wa madigiri 20. Pambuyo pake, imayikidwa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi papulati la firiji, yopangira masamba. Kubzala zinthu, zomwe zimasungidwa kwa miyezi 12 firiji, zofesedwa panthaka nyengo yachisanu. Chapakatikati, mbande zimayenera kuwonekera, zomwe ziyenera kusamalidwa zaka ziwiri. Pambuyo pokhapokha, mbewuyo ikhoza kusinthidwa ku malo okhazikika, ndikuwona mtunda wa 0.7-1 mamita pakati pa tchire.
Mutha kukula pang'onopang'ono m'malo otetemera kapena owala bwino. Nthaka imafunikira chotsekeramo bwino, chomwe chili ndi zochuluka zazinthu zachilengedwe. Ngati dothi silili bwino, manyowa kapena manyowa ayenera kuwonjezedwa kuti akumbe. Dothi la Acidic limatha kuwongoleredwa ndikuwonjezera laimu.
Chisamaliro cha Maryin
Muzu wa Maryin umasiyanitsidwa ndi kusakumba kwake, komanso ndikunyinyirika pakuchoka. Chifukwa chake, kukulitsa malo anu patsamba ndizosavuta.
Kuthirira
Chomera sichifunikira kuthirira pafupipafupi. Nthawi, pansi pa chitsamba chimodzi, malita 20 mpaka 30 amadzi amathiridwa. Popewa madzi kuti asafalikire pamalowo nthawi yothirira, tikulimbikitsidwa kukumba zigawo za chitoliro kuzungulira chitsamba. Ngati madzi amathiridwa mwachindunji mwa iwo, ndiye kuti amadzalowetsedwa m'nthaka, momwe mizu ya marin imapangidwira. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, pakupanga masamba, ndipo ngakhale pakuyika maluwa mu Ogasiti, chitsamba chimafunika chinyezi chokwanira. Mvula ikagwa kapena mbewu zikathiriridwa, muyenera kumasula dothi pafupi ndi tchire. Muyeneranso kutulutsa udzu wonse udzu.
Feteleza
Ngakhale chomerachi chili chaching'ono, amavomerezedwa kuti azidyetsa mwachangu. Zovala zotere zimayamba kuchitidwa pafupipafupi mu Meyi. Kuti tichite izi, kamodzi pakatha masiku 30, tchire liyenera kuthiriridwa kuchokera kuchitsime, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera feteleza wa Bora kapena wina feteleza. Pankhaniyi, mu ndowa 1 imodzi yankho la michere musanatsirire muyenera kuyika supuni 1 yayikulu yosamba ufa kapena sopo wamadzi. Kudyetsa mwanjira imeneyi kutuluka kwa peony kumalimbikitsidwa madzulo kapena tsiku lamitambo.
Pa kukula kwakukulu, mbewu zazikulu zimafunikira kudyetsedwa pafupipafupi katatu ndi masiku 20. Ndipo muyenera kuyambanso kuvala kotereku Meyi. Pakudya koyamba, mugwiritsa ntchito yankho la urea (magalamu 50 a zinthu pachidebe chimodzi cha madzi). Pa chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba, mumtsuko umodzi wa osakaniza wokhala ndi urea, piritsi limodzi la microfertilizer limasungunuka. Pa chovala chachitatu chapamwamba, tengani yankho la michere yokhala ndi ndowa 1 yamadzi ndi mapiritsi awiri micronutrient.
Tchire chachikulire tikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsedwa ndi mizu, komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti nthawi iliyonse ya chitukuko amafunikira zinthu zina. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakukula, muzu wa marin umafunikira nayitrogeni, pakupanga masamba ndi maluwa, imafunikira phosphorous, nayitrogeni ndi calcium, ndipo pakuyika maluwa kwa chaka chamawa, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Pa chifukwa ichi, munthawi imodzi, chitsambachi chimayenera kudyetsedwa katatu m'malo mwake:
- M'masiku omaliza a Marichi kapena oyamba - Epulo, kuyambira magalamu 10 mpaka 15 a feteleza wa potaziyamu ayenera kuyikidwa pansi panthaka imodzi yayikulu. Ngati pali matalala panthawiyi pa nthawi ino, ma granules amayenera kugawidwa bwino pamwamba. Chophimba cha chipale chofewa chikayamba kusungunuka, michere yomwe imafunika pachomeracho pamodzi ndi madzi osungunuka imalowa pansi.
- M'masiku omaliza a Meyi kapena oyamba - Juni, baka, amamwetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya phosphorous-nitrogen-potaziyamu (20: 10). M'malo mwa yankho lotere, mutha kutenga zamoyo. Chifukwa chake, tchire lingathe kuthiridwa ndi yankho la mullein (1:10) kapena zitosi za mbalame (1:25).
- Mtengowo ukazirala, mutatha theka la mwezi m'nthaka pansi pa chitsamba muyenera kupanga feteleza 15 wa potaziyamu ndikufanana kwa superphosphate. Kuzungulira chomera, muyenera kupanga poyambira pomwe feteleza ofunikira amagawaniridwanso. Kenako imathiridwa ndimadzi ambiri ndikusindikizidwa ndi dothi.
Zisanu
Pakukonzekera mbewuyo nthawi yachisanu, mphukira zake zimafunikira kudula pafupi ndi dothi. Kenako chitsamba chimakutidwa ndi phulusa lamatabwa kuchokera pamwamba, manja awiri kapena atatu akhale okwanira. Pogona nthawi yozizira ndikofunikira kwa ana ang'onoang'ono okha omwe ali ndi zaka zitatu. Ndipo tchire akuluakulu safuna pobisalira, popeza ali ndi chisanu chokwanira kwambiri.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Chomera chotere chimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Komabe, zitha kukhala, mwa zina. Kuti mupewe matenda oterewa ndi fungus enanso, tchire liyenera kuthandizidwa katatu pochotsa madzi a Bordeaux (50 magalamu a zinthu amatengedwa pachidebe chimodzi cha madzi). Muzu wa Marin umathiridwa mu kasupe pambuyo poti mphukira zachinyamata, ndiye kuti umalandiridwanso kangapo ndi masiku 10-12. Mukapopera chitsamba chimodzi, malita awiri mpaka atatu a yankho ayenera kupita.
Chomera china chotere chimatha kutenga matenda a dzimbiri. Pofuna kupewa, mmera umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njira ya mkuwa wa oxychloride (magalamu 60 a chinthu ndi sopo wochepa wamadzi amatengedwa pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi). Mutha kuyika m'malo mwake ndi yankho la Bordeaux osakaniza (onani pamwambapa) kapena sulufule wa colloidal (100 magalamu a zinthu pachidebe chimodzi cha madzi).
Kukolola Marin
Monga mbewu zokongoletsera, monga lamulo, mitundu yam'munda ndi hybrids yothawira peony mwakula. Chomera chamtundu sichimawoneka bwino, motero, chimapangidwa nthawi zonse kuti mupeze mankhwala opangira mankhwala, pomwe ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti chitha kusungidwa kuchokera ku tchire wokhala ndi maluwa ofiirira.
Kutolere zida zopangira mankhwala kumachitika nthawi imodzi mu zaka 5 kapena 6, pomwe kukonzekera kwa mizu ndi udzu kumachitika. Mutha kusonkhanitsa zida zopanga nthawi yonse yomwe mukukula, koma ndibwino kuti muchite izi posachedwa. Kukumba tchire lonse sikuyenera. Poyamba, mothandizidwa ndi chikwakwa kapena mpeni wakuthwa kwambiri, muyenera kudula gawo la chitsamba chomwe chili pamwamba pa nthaka. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mizu ndi udzu wa mbewu zoterezi zimayikidwa mosiyana kwa wina ndi mnzake kuti ziume ndikuziisunga. Kusonkhanitsa pamakhala kumachitika atangoyamba kuwuluka mozungulira. Zowuma, zimayikidwa mumthunzi.
Kututa mizu kumachitika mu nyengo yonse yakukula. Dothi zotsalira ziyenera kuchotsedwa pamizu yokumbidwayo, kenako zimatsukidwa pansi pa madzi ozizira ndikulekanitsidwa ndi mpeni kuti izikhala ndi mainchesi osakwana 15 sentimita ndi mulifupi wa 30 mm. Amayang'aniridwa pansi pa denga kapena chipinda chamdima chopanda bwino, momwe chimayenera kuzizira. Zipangizo zatsopano ziyenera kuti ziume mpaka zikhala zopanda pake. Pambuyo pake, ziyenera kuyanikidwa pazowuma, kukhazikitsa kutentha mpaka madigiri 60. Zinthu zopaka zikakonzeka, zimasanduka zofiirira zakuda kapena zofiirira, ndipo kakomedwe kake kamakhala kokoma pang'ono komanso kowotcha.
Masamba ndi mphukira ziyeneranso kuyesedwa m'malo omata pansi pa denga. Zinthu zopangidwa zikapsa, zimaphwanyidwa.
Kusunga
Zinthu zopangira mankhwala ngati izi zimatha. Itha kusungidwa ndikuigwiritsa ntchito osaposa zaka zitatu, ndiye kuti zotsalazo zimawonongeka. Pamakhala zouma, masamba, masamba ndi mphukira ziyenera kusungidwa kutali ndi mizu. Kuti zisungidwe, zida zopukutidwa kuchokera ku gawo lililonse la chomera zimatsanuliridwa m'mabokosi amtundu wakuda. Musanagwiritse ntchito cholinga chake, muyenera kuunika ngati phulusa louma la phululukalo lili ndi kununkhira kwina komwe si kwachilendo kwa iwo.
Katundu wa muzu wa marija: kuvulaza ndi kupindula
Mphamvu zakuchiritsa za marin muzu
Chomera ngati peony marin muzu muli ma flavonoids, mafuta ofunikira, ma tannins, ma sterols, saponins, mashuga ndi ma resini, ma gallic ndi salicelic acid.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mizu ya chomera ichi kumathandizira kuthetsa kupsinjika ndi kutopa, kuthothanso msanga pambuyo pakupuma, kusintha njira za metabolic mthupi ndikuyeretsa poizoni. Amathandizanso boma komanso magwiridwe antchito amanjenje.
Zomera zoterezi zimathandizira kupanga endorphin, yomwe ndi mahomoni achisangalalo, chifukwa chomwe munthu amasintha machitidwe ake popanda zotsatirapo zoyipa zilizonse. Chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mutu, chifuwa, zilonda zam'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba, matenda am'mimba, khunyu, malungo, mphumu, kutsekula m'mimba, kusowa tulo, matenda am'mimba komanso khungu. Peony yovomerezeka imathandizira pakakhala mavuto "achikazi", omwe ndi: amathandizira kuchiritsa matenda a mastopathy, kusabereka, kukokoloka kwa mafupa ndi fibroids, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pakubaya kwa uterine. Zinthu zothira mankhwala zoterezi zimalimbikitsidwa kuti amuna achotse mphamvu. Tincture pamizu ya mbewu ili ndi mphamvu yosintha, amachotsa nkhawa, nkhawa komanso kutopa, amathandizira kugona. Ngakhale muzu woterowo umatha kugwiritsa ntchito khungu ngati mankhwala odzikongoletsa kuti khungu likhale labwino, ndiko kuti, kutsitsanso ziphuphu ndi ziphuphu, komanso mafuta a sheen. Zomera zoterezi zimathandiza ndi eczema.
Contraindication
Muzu wa phukusi lothawa uli ndi poyizoni, motero, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zozikirira, ndikofunikira kutsatira mlingo womwe watsimikiziridwa, osapitirira. Ma minyewa komanso ma decoctions okonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito muzuwu ndi oletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito gastritis yokhala ndi acidity yambiri komanso hypotension. Komabe sangatengedwe panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, komanso ana osakwana zaka 12. Koma munthu wamkulu wathanzi ayenera kutsatira upangiri wa katswiri woyenera asanalandire mankhwala aliwonse okhazikitsidwa pamizu ya Maryin.
