Bzalani ngati skolopendrovy pepala kaya skolopendra ossula (Phyllitis scolopendrium, Asplenium scolopendrium) ndiogwirizana mwachindunji ndi a genus ossicles (Asplenium) a banja la osseous (Aspleniaceae) ndipo ndi fern osatha. Anthu amalitchulanso "lilime lonyansa." Amawonekera kuchokera kumapiri aku Europe a mapiri a Eurasia. Fern wotere amakonda kumera pa miyala yamiyala yamiyala kapena m'miyala yamiyala.
Pamaso pa chifupifupi cholunjika kumakhala kakanema kena. Kuchokera kumtunda kwa rhizome pamabwera masamba ambiri achikuda (wai), omwe amatengedwa mtolo. Kutalika kwake, masamba amafika masentimita 60 ndipo amakhala ndi mtsempha wakuda woonekera bwino. Timapepala tosavuta tokhala ngati lamba wozungulira wokhala m'lifupi kumafikira masentimita atatu mpaka 7 ndipo amakhala ndi maziko wozungulira mtima. Pamwamba pa petiole lalifupi pali tsitsi lalifupi lalifupi. Mawonekedwe apamwamba amtundu wa spores (zilonda) amaikidwa pagawo lonse la masamba awiriawiri pafupifupi perpendicular mpaka mtsempha wapakati.
Mtundu waukulu wamitundu, wokhala ndi malire osalala a pepalalo, siokhawo. Chifukwa chake, pali mitundu ingapo yomwe ikufunika kwambiri pakati pa alimi a maluwa:
- "Crispa" - imasiyanitsidwa ndi m'mphepete mwa masamba, chifukwa chomwe ma litala omwewo amawoneka "kupindika";
- "Undulata" - masamba ali ndi m'mbali mwa masamba, ndipo tsamba lamaluwo limakhala ngati limatengeka pamtsempha wapakati;
- "Marginatum" - vayi yopapatiza ali ndi m'mphepete mwa wavy, pomwe amagawidwa masamba;
- "Lacerata" - masamba amatalika kwambiri mpaka masentimita 7.5, pomwe m'mbali mwake mulibe;
- "Cristatum" - pamapepala m'mphepete chapamwamba ndi chisa, ndipo ena onse osalala ndi olimba;
- "Ramosum" - wolima uyu ndiwosangalatsa kwambiri, chifukwa ali ndi nthambi yamabowo;
- "Ramo Cristatum" - mitundu yotereyi idakhala ndi masamba avy wavy.
Scolopendra masamba chisamaliro kunyumba
Tsamba ili ndilabwino kwambiri kuti likule pakhomo, koma kuti likule ndi kukula bwino, lifunika kukhazikitsa zina.
Kupepuka
Zomerazi zimadziwikiratu ndi dzuwa. Mchipinda chake, ndikulimbikitsidwa kusankha malo amdima kapena kungoyika kumbuyo kwachipindacho. Tsamba limakula bwino pazenera zakumpoto.
Njira yotentha
Fern wotereyu amakhala ndi nthawi yosakhala bwino (amafunika kuzizira), komanso kukula kwamphamvu (kutentha kumafunika). M'chilimwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisungitse kutentha kwa mpweya pamtunda wa madigiri 20 mpaka 25, ndipo nthawi yozizira - kuyambira madigiri 12 mpaka 15.
Momwe mungamwere
Zomera zotere ziyenera kuthiriridwa mwadongosolo komanso zochuluka chaka chonse. Kusakaniza kwa poto kuyenera kusungidwa pamalo osafunikira nthawi zonse. Komabe, izi sizitanthauza kuti iyenera kukhala yaiwisi. Kusunthika kwa madzi munthaka kumakhudza mkhalidwe wa fern.
Iyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi opanda chlorine. Chifukwa chake, madzi apampopi osakanikirana ayenera kutetezedwa kwa maola osachepera 24 kuti zodetsa zonse za chlorine zituluke. Nthawi yomweyo, madzi safunikira kutifewetsedwe, chifukwa fern wotere amakula m'nthaka yopanda kanthu ndipo amayankha madzi ambiri.
Chinyezi
Popeza nthawi zambiri m'manyumba mumakhala chinyezi chochepa kwambiri, pepalalo limangofunika kunyowa masamba. Amalimbikitsidwanso kukonza mwadongosolo akusamba. Pofuna kuwonjezera chinyezi cha mpweya pafupi ndi chomeracho, dothi kapena timiyala zokulira timathira mu poto ndikuthira madzi ochepa. Komanso, pafupi ndi mphika, mutha kuyikamo chidebe chotseguka chodzaza ndi madzi, kapena kuyika kasupe wa chipinda.
Mpweya wouma kwambiri umavulaza makamaka masamba ang'ono omwe akungoyamba kumene kukula. Chifukwa cha izi, zimatha kuyanika kenako kufa.
Kusakaniza kwadothi
Podzala, chonde chokhala ndi magawo ena ochepa achidwi ndichabwino. Kusakaniza koteroko kumatha kukonzekera mosadalira, chifukwa mungafunike kuphatikiza makungwa odulidwa, tsamba lamasamba ndi vermiculite (mchenga wowuma) muyezo wa 1: 2: 1. Kumbukirani kupanga dongo labwino pansi pamphika.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Fern wotere amafunika kudyetsedwa mosamala kwambiri. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe munthawi yakukula kwa mbewu kamodzi pamwezi. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani feteleza wama mineral, pomwe mukufunikira kutenga ½ gawo limodzi la mlingo womwe umalimbikitsa pa phukusi.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Ngakhale chomerachi chili chaching'ono, chimafunikira zinthu zina, zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kamodzi pachaka kumayambiriro kwamasika. Pankhaniyi, mphika watsopano ayenera kukhala wokulirapo mulifupi kuposa woyamba. Mitundu ya achikulire imasinthidwa osakwana nthawi 1 mu 2 kapena 3 zaka. Pakujambulani, onetsetsani kuti impso zakunyumba zimakhalabe pamwamba pa gawo lapansi ndipo sizikidwa m'manda.
Njira zolerera
Mukakula m'nyumba, pepalali ndizosavuta kufalitsa pogawa tchire lambiri. Komanso, ngati mukufuna, mutha kutolera zokhwima (kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira) ndikuzifesa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Amagwira nthenda ndi mitundu yambiri ya tizirombo. Amasiyana ndi mbewu zina zambiri zokongoletsera komanso zomanga thupi chifukwa masamba ake obiriwira amatha kuphukiranso pakapita nthawi. Zikakhala kuti mizu yake sinafe, ndiye kuti m'nthawi yochepa kuchokera kumagulu omwe ali m'dothi, imatha kukula masamba. Motere, kwa ferns, chilala, kutsika kwakukulu kwa kutentha kapena kutentha kwa dzuwa sikuopsa kwambiri. Komanso, ngati mbewuyo yataya mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino, masamba ake amatha kuchotsedwa kwathunthu, ndipo patapita kanthawi adzasinthidwa ndi ena, achichepere. Koma ngati mizu ifa, mwachitsanzo, kuvunda kumawonekera chifukwa chakufinya kwamvula m'nthaka, ndiye kuti fern yonse imafa.
