Gymnocalycium (Gymnocalycium) ndi ya banja la cactus ndipo ndi chozungulira. Kuchokera ku South America (Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay, Argentina ndi Brazil). Ili ndi dzina lachi Latin: "gymnos" ndi "calycium", omwe amatanthauzira kuti "amaliseche" ndi "calyx". Ndipo onse chifukwa maluwa machubu ndi amaliseche komanso yokutidwa ndi mamba ambiri osalala.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya hymnocalycium, kukula kwake komwe kumasiyana masentimita 2,5 mpaka 25-30. Tsinde limatha kukhala lathyathyathya kapena lozungulira. Maluwa ndi apical ndi chubu chotalikilidwa popanda spines kapena tsitsi, lomwe limakutidwa ndi masamba osalala. Maluwa a mitundu pafupifupi yonse amayamba ndi zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, zomwe zimayamba masika ndikutha kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Maluwa amatha kukhala ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana.
Kusamalira hymnocalycium kunyumba
Kuwala
Gymnocalycium ndi chomera chojambulitsa chomwe chimafuna kuwala kowala, makamaka nyengo yozizira. Komabe, nthawi yachilimwe, ndikofunikira kupanga shading kuchokera kumayendedwe a dzuwa kuti tipewe kuwotchedwa.
Kutentha
Kutentha mukamakula hymnocalyciums kuyenera kukhala kwapakati kumapeto kwa chirimwe, chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira. Koma nthawi yozizira, iyenera kukhala mulitali 15 mpaka 18 digiri Celsius, ngakhale imatha kupirira ngakhale yotsika - 5 madigiri.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Ma Gymnocalyciums safunanso kuti chinyontho cha mpweya chizikhala. Amalekerera bwino mpweya wouma m'chipindacho, osafunikira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Kuthirira
Monga mbewu zambiri zamkati, hymnocaliciums amathiridwa madzi nthaka ikamuma. Madzi atha kukhazikitsidwa komanso makamaka ofunda, amatha kuthira mchere. Pakutha kwa chilimwe, boma la kuthirira limasinthidwa, ndikuchepetsa, ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira imakhala yochepa, kuthirira kawirikawiri komanso pang'ono.
Dothi
Dothi ndi chisakanizo cha turf, humus, peat ndi mchenga molingana, khonde lokhalo - mukufunikirabe kuwonjezera makala ndi crumb kuchokera ku njerwa zazing'ono. Dothi la hymnocaliciums limakonda acidic pang'ono, popanda kukhalapo kwa zosafunikira za laimu. Mutha kugula dothi lopangidwa kale ndi mitengo ya cactus.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Mutha kudyetsa izi kamodzi pa masabata awiri kapena atatu kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi chilimwe. Monga chovala chapamwamba, feteleza wamba wa cactus, yemwe angagulidwe ku malo ogulitsa maluwa aliwonse abwino.
Thirani
Zomera zina nthawi zambiri zimachitika nyengo yamasika. Tanki yatsopano siyenera kukhala yayikulupo kuposa yakale.
Kubwezeretsa hymnocalicium
Cactus Gimnokalitsium amafalitsa mothandizidwa ndi mbali ndi mbewu.
Kufalitsa mbali
Mitundu ina ya hymnocalyciums imapanga zigawo zoyambira. Inde, njira yofalitsira iyi ndiyosavuta, popeza ndikofunikira kuti muwasiyanitse ndi tsinde lalikulu, liwitsani malo odulidwawo kwa masiku angapo ndikuyika gawo lapansi lonyowa. Kupatukana kwa njira yotsogola kuchokera ku tsinde ndikosavuta, popeza alibe mizu, ndikokwanira kutembenuza nthambi ndikulumikizana ndi tsinde la mayi kuthyoledwa. Mizu imachitika mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo kuisamalira ndi chimodzimodzi ndi chomera chachikulire.
Palinso zochitika pamene zigawo zam'mbali zimakhala ndi mizu yake yomwe imagwirizana ndi mizu ya chomera chachikulu. Poterepa, mutha kukumba mosamala mizu ya njirayo ndikubzala mumphika wina.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Kubzala mbewu ndikofala kwambiri pama hymnocalyciums. Zachidziwikire, njirayi siyoyipa kuposa kubereka mwa kubereka, koma m'malo mwake, ndibwino kwambiri, chifukwa kuchokera mu mbewu mungathe kubereka ana athanzi komanso labwino.
Kubzala mbewu kumachitika mu gawo loyesedwa bwino, lomwe limatha kupachikidwa mu uvuni kuti lizipukutira. Ndikwabwino kutenga mphika wocheperako ndi wosaya pang'ono pofesa. Mbewu zofesedwa pamtunda wonyowa kuchokera kumwamba. Chofunikira ndikuti dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse, chifukwa nthawi yoyamba yomwe mutha kuphimba mbewu ndi filimu yowoneka bwino kapena chivindikiro, kumanulira nthawi ndi madzi kapena kuthira gawo lapansi kudzera thireyi. Kutentha kokwanira kumera kwa mbeu kumakhala pafupifupi madigiri 20.
Mutha kubzala mbewu munthawi iliyonse, ngati zingatheke kuwapatsa zofunika (kuwala ndi kutentha). Mbande zomwe zimakula pambewu zimamera msanga, choncho zikafika chaka chimodzi zitha kuziika mbiya ina.
Katemera
Ndi ma hymnocalyciums okha a chlorine omwe amafunika katemera. Inde, katemera amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zina: ngati mukufuna kupulumutsa mmera wowola kapena kukulitsa mitundu yaacac mu nthawi yochepa.
Katemera amatenga malingana ndi malamulo apakatikati, monga kwa cacti: choyamba sankhani mbeu zokulira wathanzi zofunika kutemera. Kenako zida zonse zimatetezedwa kuti tizilombo toononga ndipo mabatani akuthwa amapangidwa pamatangadza ndi ma scion, kenako amaphatikiza pomwepo, kuyesera kulumikiza mitolo yopatsirana. Pano, amamangidwa ndi bandeji, koma osati zolimba kwambiri ndikukhala motalika ngati sabata.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta mbewu zotere ndi nthata zofiira ndi nyongolotsi. Ndipo chachikulu matenda ndi mizu zowola. Chovuta chovuta kwambiri kuchotsa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndimatumbo ofiira. Ngakhale sakonda ma hymnocaliciums kwambiri, ngakhale mbewu zomwe zili zanthete kwambiri, zimakhalabe pa iwo. Mitundu yama microscopic iyi siziwoneka poyang'ana koyamba, imangosiyira okha - malo owuma a utoto. Koma kwa hymnocalyciums zochitika zoterezi ndizoperewera, zimangopezeka pazomera zazing'ono kapena m'malo omwe epithelium siimalimbikitsidwa mokwanira.
Kulimbana nawo ndikosavuta - ingotsuka zimayambira pansi pamadzi otentha kapena kudzoza ndi yankho la ethyl. Pali njira ina - kugwiritsa ntchito acaricidal komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo padziko lonse. Zachidziwikire, njira ya mankhwala iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamene mukuwopseza muli ndi mulu wonse wa ma cacti osiyanasiyana. Ndipo ngati muli ndi cacti imodzi kapena ziwiri zokha, izi sizofunikira kwenikweni.
Mealybug ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhazikika pamizu ndi zimayambira za chomera ndipo timayamwa timadziti tonse tomwe timatulutsa. Amakhala pamlengalenga komanso pazomera zina pabanjali. Amatha kuwoneka mosavuta ndi maliseche, makamaka pamalo athyathyathya a chomera, chifukwa matupi awo ndi opinki komanso ophimbidwa ndi mpweya wofanana ndi ubweya wa thonje.
Ngati mbewu yasiya kukula ndipo maluwa sawonekeranso, izi zikutanthauza kuti tizilombo takhazikika pamizu. Ngati mukukayikira zilizonse pazomwezi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muyang'ane mizu, mutha kuwona mosavuta mphutsi. Kuti muchepetse majeremusi awa, ndizotheka kutsuka mizu ndi chomera chonse kwa nthawi yayitali ndi madzi otentha (koma osati ndi madzi otentha, koma kuti dzanja livutike). Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena apadziko lonse kuthana nawo.
Vuto linanso ndikutha kwa chomera ndi zowola, zomwe zimachitika pamene gawo lapansi silili yoyenera, kuthirira sikulakwa, kapena pansi pamavuto otentha. Njira zowola zimakonda kudziwitsidwa ndi mizu. Zachidziwikire, muzochitika zoterezi, mutha kuyesa kudzipulumutsa nokha. Kuti muchite izi, muzitsuka ndi madzi otentha ndikudula ziwalo zonse zomwe zakhudzidwazo, ndipo kwa ena onse athanzi, tengani mankhwala opopera kapena malasha okonzedwa. Pambuyo pake, lowani mizu kwa masiku angapo ndikuwadzala mu gawo lapansi, monga pofalitsa ndi zigawo.
