"Okhulupirira nyenyezi ndi olota akuti mitengo ya ma apulo itulutsa pa Mars," mawu a nyimbo yotchuka atsimikiziridwa ndi okonda. Wamaluwa ndi asayansi aku dera la Moscow amalingalira za kubzala ndi kusamalira mphesa ngati malo abwino. Mitundu yatsopano ndi mitundu ya mphesa imayesedwa, yomwe imatha kudulidwa ngakhale ku Siberia. Dera la Moscow lakhala malo oyeserera kupititsa patsogolo mphesa kumpoto.
Zovuta zokulitsa mphesa m'matawuni
Kuyambira kale, mphesa zinkalalidwa kumapiri akumwera komwe kumayiko otentha. Opunthira pang'onopang'ono amafalitsa mtengowo kumpoto. Komabe, ku lat latchos, ku Moscow, chikhalidwe sichimatha kupanga chodzaza chodzaza. Kunalibe masiku dzuwa lokwanira, nthawi yotentha yoti gulu lakhwimire. Monga chikhalidwe chokongoletsera pakupeza zingwe, ma arbor, mphesa zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, koma tsopano pali mitundu yosankha yoyambirira komanso yoyambirira yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wokhwimitsa zipatso ndi mitengo yokonzekera nyengo yachisanu.
Mphesa umapatsidwa malo otetezedwa ku mphepo zozizira, zotseguka ndi dzuwa. Chitsamba cha mphesa chimakhala chosakhudzika ndi dothi, koma kuvala pamwamba kumathandizira kukula kwa mipesa ndi kucha kwa zipatso. Kaya Amateur apeza zokolola m'mphepete, zimatengera zinthu zambiri:
- kusankha malo oyimilira;
- kusankha mitundu kapena mawonekedwe;
- zokwanira;
- kusamalira mbewu.
Mchamba wa mphesa umakhala ndi mizu "yanzeru", yomwe imatha kuzungulira dothi lililonse kupatula chonyowa. M'madera a Chigawo cha Moscow, mmera umabzalidwa ndi malo otsetsereka pansi, kotero kuti atakhazikika nyengo yachisanu.
Tsambalo lingakhale khoma lakumwera kwa nyumbayo. Komanso, maenje okufikira amapangidwa patali la mita imodzi kuchokera kukhoma. Chitsamba chilichonse chimayesedwa kubzala ndi zowunikira zabwino tsiku lonse. Ndikofunikira kusankha mbande zamphesa zanyumba. Zosiyanasiyana zimagawidwa malinga ndi mawonekedwe ambiri. Kwa dera la Moscow, kusankha mitundu yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe okuluwika-koyambirira, koyambirira komanso koyambirira kumakhala koyenera. Mitundu yotsalira ya mphesa m'matawuni siyipsa.
Kudziwa madera aku Moscow kudzakhala chizindikiro cha kukana chisanu. Ndikofunikira kusankha mbande za gulu loyamba lolimbana, lomwe limatha kulekerera kutentha mpaka madigiri 35 ndi kupitilira apo. Komabe, kwa a Michael Region omwe samaphimba mphesa nthawi yachisanu amalimbikitsidwa kuti azikumbukira.
Dzenje lokwirira limakonzedwa mwakuya kutengera mtundu wa dothi. Kuzama kwa dzenjelo kumakonzedwa kutengera kutalika kwa dothi, kuyambira 20 mpaka 50 cm. Mutabzala, dzenje limapangidwa ndikuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda. Feteleza zachilengedwe, superphosphate, phulusa lamatabwa, potaziyamu wa potaziyamu ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi mafuta osakaniza.
Musanabzale zinthuzo, ziyenera kukonzedwa. Ndikofunikira kuchotsa mbande zomwe sizinasungidwe ndikuviika mizu mu phala kuchokera gawo limodzi la mullein ndi miyala iwiri. Dulani mbali yakumwamba ya thunthu kukhala mphukira mu masamba awiri ndikutsitsa mu paraffin kapena sera. Mmera wokonzedwayo uyenera kukonzedwa mosakakamizidwa kuti mtsogolo, kutsitsa mpesa kuti ukhale chophimba chifukwa cha dzinja, kuti usawonongeke. Zomera zing'onozing'ono zizithirira madzi kuti azizika mizu ndikuzilola kuti ziyambe kupanga mipesa iwiri yokha.
Samalirani munda wamphesawo m'madambo
Mphukira zazing'ono za mphesa zimazizira ngakhale pang'ono kuziziritsa, chikhalidwe cha m'derali. Chifukwa chake, kuti mutsimikizire chitetezo, ngakhale mitundu ya Hardy yozizira kuti ikhale yotetezeka iyenera kuphimbidwa chifukwa cha dzinja. Apa ndikofunikira kutsatira muyeso, chifukwa chivundikiro chosayenera chingayambitse matenda oyambitsidwa ndi zimayambira, zomwe zimayeneranso kufa. Mphesa zamphesa m'mphepete mwa nyanjayi zimachitika ndikakhazikitsa kutentha pang'ono.
Ntchito za masika zimayamba ndi kutuluka kwa mpesa pothawira. Nthawi yomweyo, nthambi zimamasulidwa ku katundu pang'onopang'ono. Choyamba, dothi limachotsedwa, kenako pang'onopang'ono nthawi ya chitsamba imathandiziranso, ndikuwaphimbanso usiku. Tsegulani koyambirira, kuwonongeka kwa chisanu kumatha kuchitika. Pewani chomera pachovundikira - pezani chomera chomwe chafa. Kusamalira munda wamphesa ku Moscow mutatsegula tchire limachitika m'mbali zotsatirazi:
- Kupangidwa kwa chitsamba cha mphesa;
- kuthira manyowa ndi kuthirira mbewuyo;
- Chithandizo cha tizirombo ndi matenda;
Zochita zonse zomwe zimachitika pachitsamba chobiriwira, komanso phunzirani momwe angasamalire mphesa, kanema kumapeto kwa nkhaniyo akuwonetsedwa bwino komanso kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane.
Zomwe mwakumana nazo mukulima mipesa ndizomwe zimathandizira kuti agwire bwino ntchito ndikumvetsetsa, chifukwa chake, mwaluso. Kudulira mitengo kumafunika kuti tipewe mphukira zomwe sizikugwira ntchito. Tsamba lililonse la chomera liyenera kuyatsidwa kwambiri masana. Mphukira zomwe sizimabala zipatso zimayenera kukololedwa ndikuwongolera pachitsamba. Ngati maburashi ambiri amangidwa, ndiye kuti sangakhale ndi nthawi yakucha, zipatsozo zimakhala zazing'ono komanso zopanda pake. Chitsamba chaching'ono chimapangidwa ndi ntchito. Kukula okhwima kusiya mulingo woyenera wamabrashi.
Kuyambira koyambirira kwenikweni kwa nthawi yophukira, chitsamba chimafunika trellis yomwe imamangiriridwa kapena imamangiriridwa ndi masharubu. Ikhoza kukhala kapangidwe kokhazikika, ndipo ngakhale mafelemu amitundu yamapangidwe. Ndikofunikira kuti mupereke njira yokhazikitsira mitengo ya nthawi yophukira. Trellis yokhala ndi chingwe chimodzi cha waya kapena iwiri.
Ntchito zamalimwe zobiriwira nthawi yomwe amalima mphesa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi:
- chidutswa cha mphukira zobiriwira;
- wopeza;
- kutsina pamwamba.
Kuthirira mphesa kumachitika m'miyala patali ndi thunthu. Mizu yake sakonda kusinthasintha lakuthwa kwamthupi muzakudya ndi chinyezi.
Kuthirira m'munda wamphesawo kumatulutsa maluwa pakati pa tchire. Ngati mbewuyo ndi imodzi, ndiye kuti poyambira pamafunika kupangika patali ndi thunthu, chifukwa chinyezi mwachindunji chophwanya boma loyambira. Kutsirira ndikofunikira kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakula, pakakhala kuwonjezeka kwa msipu wobiriwira ndikuthira zipatso. Mu Ogasiti, kuthirira sikofunikira, zipatso ziyenera kukoma.
Chovala chapamwamba cha mphesa m'matauni munyengo yachilimwe ndikofunikira. Zamoyo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe pakupanga chitsamba. Pambuyo pake feteleza wa phosphorous ndi potashi amafunikira, makamaka mu mawonekedwe a mchere wa potaziyamu popanda nayitrogeni. Mavalidwe apamwamba amaphatikizidwa ndi kuthilira m'mphepete mwa miyala. Mtengowo umathandizidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito foliar pakulima, kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala a fungicidal. Mitundu yoyenerana ya kufufuza zinthu imasankhidwa.
Nyengo, chakudya 4 chovuta chimachitika ndipo, ngati ndi kotheka, chithandizo chikafika matenda ndi tizirombo.
Mitundu ya mphesa ku dera la Moscow
Mwa mitundu yambiri yomwe pakadali pano ikusungidwa m'matawuni, chidwi chimakopa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwa oyamba kumene. Kusankhidwa kwa Alfa kwa Amereka kunapangidwa ngati kwa iwo. Amakana kuzizira kwa 40 0, Zipatso, koyambirira. Zipatsozo ndi zakuda, zokoma. Mpesa uli ndi nthawi yakucha. Choyipa ndichakuti zipatsozi ndizowawasa, koma zabwino pakuphika.
Mitundu ya Amursky, m'malo mwake, imakhala yokoma kwambiri, yoyambirira-yoyambirira, yolimbana ndi chisanu mpaka 42. Pa mulingo wazakhumi za kukoma, ali ndi mfundo 8.7, zomwe nzabwino kwambiri. Tchire siligwirizana ndi matenda, limapsa bwino, ndiloyenera kulembetsa mafomu omangira, nthawi yozizira pansi pa chidutswa.
Mitundu ya amber yowala, ndikofunikira kulabadira mitundu ya Kay Grey. Wosakanizidwa ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, wopatsa komanso wosagonjetseka ndi matenda onse odziwika a mpesa.
Mitundu ya mphesa yofotokozedwera ku Chigawo cha Moscow idavumbulutsidwa, chifukwa chake, zovuta za kukonzekera mundawo chifukwa cha dzinja sizikhala zochepa.
