Kuvulala kwambiri ndi imodzi mwazifo matenda oyandikana nawo omwe amakhala nawo. Phytophthora pa tomato ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewu ya phwetekere ibwere m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi komanso / kapena nyengo yabwino. Kulumikizana kwa chinyezi cha mlengalenga ndi mawonekedwe a mawanga a bulauni pazomera ndi zipatso ndizodziwikiratu kotero kuti osatinso ophunziranso omwe amalankhula kwambiri amafotokoza za "zoipa" za mvula ndi mvula "zapoizoni", ngakhale kuti zochitika zanyengozi zimangokulitsa chinyezi ndipo zimathandizira kukula kwa bowa. Kukula kwakukulu kwa mbewu zamatenda pambuyo dontho lakuthwa kwambiri limadziwikanso.
Kwa nthawi yayitali anthu ankakhulupirira kuti mycelium (mycelium) wa bowa Phytophthora amapezeka nthawi yachisanu makamaka pamazira a mbatata, ndipo tomato ali ndi kachilombo ka mbatata zomwe kale zimayambira, koma izi zidadzakhala zolakwika. Mbewu zambiri za bowa zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi chisanu, chifukwa chake ngakhale dothi limatha kutenga kachilomboka, osatchulanso zinyalala ndi mbewu zosungidwa pamoto. Ndipo ngati nkotheka kukonza mbewu musanabzale, ndiye kuti zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuwononga zonse zoyambitsa matenda m'nthaka komanso kapangidwe ka malo obiriwira.
Chifukwa chake, mitundu ya phwetekere yolimbana ndi chakumapeto imayambitsa chidwi chachikulu pakati pa onse omwe akuchita ntchito yolima mbewuyi, pa zosowa zapakhomo komanso pamakampani ambiri.
Zachidziwikire, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikhoza kukhala yolimbikitsidwa m'malo ena ndi malo omwe akukula.
Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya Tomato yolimbana ndi choipitsitsa cha ku Ukraine, ikulimbikitsidwa kwina kuposa kwina pafupi ndi Kaluga kapena ku Urals. Izi ndichifukwa chosiyana ndi dothi, komanso kusiyana kwakukulu mu nyengo.
Ngati nyengo yochepa kwambiri komanso yotentha imafunikira kukula kwa tomato m'malo obiriwira, ndiye mwina muyenera kukonda mitundu yosakanizidwa yopangidwa kuti ikulidwe muzochitika.
Amakhala otani?
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mitundu yakucha yakucha ya phwetekere nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa ngati mitundu yolimbana ndi vuto lakumapeto.
Izi ndichifukwa choti chitsamba chimakhala nthawi yayitali, ndizochulukirapo, choopsa chotenga kachilomboka, ndipo chachiwiri, chikuvutikanso ndi kutentha komanso chinyezi chomwe chimayambitsa kukula kwa matendawa.
Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, m'malo ambiri okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso chambiri, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Julayi, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuteteza tomato ku matenda ochedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yomwe imakhala yogonjetsedwa, ingodwalani patatha sabata limodzi kapena musadwale. Koma, mwatsoka, kupezeka kwa matenda kumakhudzabe kwambiri chitetezo cha mbewu. Zipatso zina sizikhala ndi nthawi kuti zipse, ndipo zakhwatu zimawonongeka mwachangu.
Komabe, kukulitsa mitundu yosagwiridwira ntchito kumakupatsiraninso mphamvu, koma kukhazikitsa omwe ali abwino kwambiri pamikhalidwe yina, nthawi zina nkofunikira.
Wina, chaka ndi chaka amakonda mitundu ya Bobcat, Cameo, Sunny Fighter, De Barao, White Bulk 241, Moskvich, Carrot, Moscow Tauni, Otradny, Little Prince, wina amakakamizidwa kubzala makamaka ma hybrids oyambira, kuyang'ana kwambiri kuti mbewu zizikhala ndi nthawi yopereka mbewu isanafike matendawa.
Mitundu ya tomato yothana ndi vuto lakumapeto kwa malo ozungulira ikuphatikizapo:
- Gnome. Zopezeka m'mitundu yakucha yakucha, yomwe cholinga chake ndi malo otseguka.
- Alpatieva 905 A. Adapangidwa kuti azilima panja.
- Budenovka. Ndalama zam'maphunziro oyambira kumapeto, zimapangidwa kuti zizilimidwa pansi pabalaza filimu komanso panthaka.
- De Barao. Chocha chakupsa bwino ndichakudya chabwino komanso luso labwino.
- De Barao ndi wakuda. Kukolola kosachedwa-pang'ono kwa mthunzi-koleketsa komwe cholinga chake ndikulimidwa pansi pa filimuyo komanso panja.
- Lark F1. Mtundu wosachedwa wakucha wosakanizidwa wopatsa zipatso zabwino, wokometsa komanso waluso.
- Oak (Dubrava). Kucha koyamba kumakhala zipatso zambiri zoyenera kulimidwa panthaka.
- La la la F1. Zophatikiza zamkati mwa nyengo yanthawi, zabwino mtundu uliwonse wogwiritsa ntchito.
- Mgwirizano 8 F1. Zophatikiza zoyambirira kucha zosiyanasiyana. Yoyenera kulimidwa poyera komanso malo obiriwira.
- Mphepo yamkuntho. Mitundu ya Mid-season yokhala ndi zokolola zambiri ndikuwonjezera kukana kuzizira, cholinga chake ndikulimidwa panthaka.
- Tsar Peter. Osagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri mkati mwa nyengo yozizira osagwirizana ndi kalasi. Wotchuka ndi okhalamo a chilimwe, wamkulu pobisika komanso m'malo obiriwira.
Zophatikiza kapena zopanda hybrids, zakunja kapena zoweta?
Alimi ambiri amateur amayamikirira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Dutch poyerekeza ndi kukana kwakanthawi, komabe, akudzipangira okha masamba, omwewo nthawi yachilimwe amazindikira kulawa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa "Dutch". Komabe, mitundu yanyumba yozolowera momwe zinthu zilili m'deralo ndipo idasankhidwa popewa matenda imakhala yokongola - pali mwayi wina wopeza zosinthika, zokoma komanso zopindulitsa.
Mwambiri, mitundu yopambana kwambiri yamatomatiki yogonjetsedwa ndi vuto lakelo mozungulirazungulira ndi mitundu yozizira kapena yoyambirira kucha, zomwe sizodabwitsa, chifukwa cha nyengo.
M'madera "osatentha" kwambiri, mitundu yokhazikika ya phwetekere yosagwirizana ndi mochedwa blight imayamikiridwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti poyamba mbewu zing'onozing'ono sizivuta kubisa mwadzidzidzi chifukwa chomera cham'madzi chimakhala chobiriwira kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zonse zobiriwira sizikhala zabwino koposa, tomato "amakonda" mabedi othandizira ndipo amabala zipatso posatengera mitundu.
Mutha kulembapo mitundu ingapo ya tomato yotsika mtengo yotsika mochedwa
- Gnome.
- Kumpoto Kumpoto.
- Alaska
- Zoyipa polar.
- Chipale chofewa.
- Bullfinch.
- Mphepo idakwera.
- Sub-Arctic.
- Nthano yachisanu.
- Yamal.
- Taimyr.
Monga zosavuta kumvetsetsa kuchokera mayina, ambiri a iwo adapangidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito yotentha yosakhala yotentha komanso yochepa komanso osakhalitsa pang'ono pansi pa filimu kapena wowonjezera kutentha. Chifukwa chake, mitundu iyi siyikhala ndi zokolola zambiri, ndipo si zonse zabwino zoyendera. Koma izi zimalipiridwa ndi kukoma kwabwino komanso kuthekera kwa kukula kwa tomato m'malo omwe zaka makumi angapo zapitazo zimawonedwa ngati zosatheka.
