Brassavola (Brassavola) - mtundu wa wobadwa nawo wa herbaceous wa banja la Orchidaceae (Orchidaceae). Mitunduyi ili ndi mitundu 17 mpaka 20 malinga ndi magawo osiyanasiyana. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, ma epiphytes awa (amakula pamitengo) ndi lithophytes (amakula pamiyala ndi miyala) amapezeka ku Central America, Venezuela, Mexico, Colombia. Mitundu iwiri yamtunduwu imapezeka ku Panama.
Zambiri
Mtundu udatchulidwa polemekeza Sr. A Antonio Musa Brassavola ndi wolemekezeka komanso wazachipatala wochokera ku Venice, yemwe adakhala m'zaka za zana la 16. Mitundu yoyamba idafotokozedwa mu 1813 ndipo kuyambira pamenepo ma brassavols adafalikira kumisonkhano yakuzunguliridwa ndi nyumba zobiriwira za alimi ambiri amaluwa, komanso minda ya maluwa. Kugawidwa uku kumachitika chifukwa cha kuzindikira kwa maluwa amenewa, komanso kukongoletsa kwambiri - ngakhale popanda maluwa a brassavol ndiwokongola kwambiri chifukwa masamba abwino, ofanana ndi singano.
Zomera zonse zamtunduwu ndizofanana mawonekedwe. Ma Brassavols amapanga mababu ang'onoang'ono a mawonekedwe a cylindrical, pomwe amachokera masamba 1 mpaka 3 amtundu. Kutalika (masentimita 10 mpaka 30) ndi momwe tsamba limayambira zimadalira magawo ndi mtundu wa mbewu. Zodzoladzola zimawonekera pambuyo pokhwima kuchokera ku nkhwangwa zamasamba ndipo zimanyamula kuchokera pa maluwa 1 mpaka 6 omwe amafanana ndi nyenyezi pamawonekedwe awo ndipo amakhala ndi fungo labwino.
Fungo losangalatsa kwambiri limadziwika ndi mamembala onse amtunduwu, koma limatchulidwa mumdima. Maluwa amatha kukhala ndi mtundu wachikasu, oyera kapena obiriwira. Ma petals ndi manda a brassavol ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa thupi komanso lalitali, nthawi zina kupindika ngati ma curls.
Mlomo umapereka chithumwa chapadera ndi chiyambi cha maluwa, omwe amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana: wokhala ndi ulalo, wosavuta, woluka kapena wamtali kwambiri, komanso wokutetezedwa ndi malo ang'onoang'ono a pinki.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya ma orchid a brassavol
Brassavola nodosa (Brassavola nodosa) - nthumwi ya mtundu womwe ndiofala kwambiri pakati pamaluwa, chifukwa cha kusachita bwino kwawo komanso kuthekeka kwa kutulutsa maluwa kwa chaka chonse, chifukwa alibe nyengo. Mtunduwu umatchedwa "Lady of the Night" chifukwa cha kununkhira kwake kodabwitsa komwe kumadziwonetsa usiku. Mtengowo uli ndi mawonekedwe ochulukirapo, ndipo kukula kwa maluwa kungakhalepo kuyambira mainchesi 5 mpaka 10. Munthawi zachilengedwe, imamera pang'onopang'ono pamtengo wa mitengo yamangati, ndipo imatha kukhala pachikhalira. Zomera zakunyumba ndizigawo za Central America.
Brassavola cactus (Brassavola cucullata) - mtundu womwe unali umodzi woyamba kudzafika ku Europe. Chomera chimakhala ndi maluwa amtundu umodzi, maluwa omwe amatha kutalika masentimita 18 kutalika. Chifukwa cha nsonga zazitali, zopindika pang'ono kumapeto, maluwa amafanana ndi octopus kapena jellyfish.
Brassavola Digby kapena Rincholelia (Brassavola digbyana kapena Rhyncholaelia digbyana) - chomera chomwe chidasunthika pang'ono, mababu a cylindrical kutalika kwa 15 centimeter, chikhale ndi tsamba limodzi labwino kwambiri, lomwe limakutidwa ndi pachimake.
Kutchuka kwa nthumwi zamtunduwu kukufotokozedwa ndi kukula kwakukulu (mpaka 15 cm) kwamaluwa ndi kamwa yokongola kwambiri. Pokhapokha, kuti muwone maluwa opanda nzeruwa, mbewuyo imafunikira kupumira nthawi yayitali. Mwachilengedwe, imamera m'nkhalango zowala bwino m'gombe kuyambira kumwera kwa Mexico mpaka Honduras.
Brassavoles amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma hybrids a intergeneric:
Brassolaeliocattlesia (Brassolaeliocattleya)
Brassocattleya (Brassocattleya) - Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane chisamaliro ndi kulima kwa mitundu iyi ya maluwa, onani apa.
Rinchovola (Rhynchovola)
Samalirani ma brassavols
Mitundu ya maluwa iyi imadziwika kuti ndi yosasamalika. Ma Brassavoles amatha kubzala m'mabasiketi opachikika, miphika, pamabatani, kutengera mtundu ndi chikhumbo cha mwiniwake. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, maluwa a orchid amatha kuwoneka ngakhale pazomera zazing'ono, ndipo makatani akuluakulu amatha kusangalatsa maluwa onse chilimwe.
Ma Brassavols amafunika kuyatsa kwabwino, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuziyika pazenera lakumwera, kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kuwunikira kotero kuti maola masana masana osachepera 10 maola. Chapakatikati, mutha kuyamba kuzolowera mbewuzo dzuwa, kuzitenga kuti zizipeza mpweya wabwino kenako kuzisintha, kenako ndikuzisiya nthawi yayitali nthawi yayitali.
Poterepa, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti mtundu wofiyira wa "pofufuta" womwe umapezeka pamasamba pansi pa dzuwa usasanduke kutentha. Mitundu ina imatha kumera pang'ono, komabe, ndikuwala kosakwanira, maluwa otambalala sangadikire.
Mitundu ya maluwa iyi ndi ya zomera zotentha pang'ono. M'nyengo yotentha, ma brassavoles amatha kupirira kutentha kwa madigiri 30-35, ndikuchepa usiku mpaka madigiri 12. Ndikofunika kusunga ma orchid mu mpweya wabwino munthawi yotentha, pomwe kusiyana kwachilengedwe pakati pa kutentha kwausana ndi usiku kumakwaniritsa zofunikira zawo.
Kusiyanaku sikuyenera kukhala kosachepera madigiri 4-10. Pokhapokha, mutha kudikirira kuti duwa lithe. Pambuyo maluwa, mitundu ina imafuna nthawi yopanda matalala. Pakadali pano, pafupifupi masabata 2-6, muchepetse kutentha kwa zinthuzo ndikuchepetsa kuthirira musanayambe kukula kwatsopano.
Ma Brassavols m'chilengedwe amakula m'malo otentha, chifukwa chake amafunika chinyezi chachikulu komanso kunyumba. Ngati mbewuyo imamera gawo lapansi, ndiye kuti chinyezi 55% chokwanira. Ngati brassavol ikukula pamabowo kapena ndi mizu yaulere, ndiye kuti chinyezi chimayenera kukhala 80%.
Mukamasunga ma orchid popanda gawo lapansi, kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku kumafunika. Zomera zomwe zili m'miphika zimathiridwa madzi ngati gawo lapansi.
Thirani ndi gawo lapansi
Pakukula mabasiketi kapena miphika muyenera kutenga gawo lomwe lingapume, lomwe liziuma. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zidutswa za khungwa, tchipisi za coconut ndi sphagnum moss. Tikamakula pamabomba, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupange gawo lapansi la sphagnum kuti lisaume kuzika mizu.
Ma Brassavoles safunikira ma transplants pafupipafupi, kuphatikiza apo, amatha kuwawa kwambiri, chifukwa chake amalimbikitsidwa kuti azitha kufesa mbewu pokhapokha ngati salinization kapena kupangika kwa gawo lapansi. Izi maluwa amatulutsa pogawa nsalu.
Mutha kudziphunzitsanso chisamaliro chanyumba ndi amodzi mwa maluwa okongola kwambiri - cymbidium.
