M'masiku oyamba amoyo, ng'ombe imakhala pachiwopsezo cha matenda aliwonse, chifukwa magazi ake amakhala ndi chitetezo chochepa kwambiri cha mthupi chomwe chimatha kuwononga ma virus ndi mabakiteriya. Chifukwa chake, zimatengera mtundu wa chisamaliro ndi kudyetsa ana a ng'ombe mpaka miyezi itatu, momwe amakulira mwachangu komanso wathanzi. Amasungidwa mu maselo oyera okha, owuma komanso mpweya wokwanira, koma osakonzekereratu. Chakudya cha mwana wa ng'ombe chimayenera kukhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, mavitamini ndi michere.
Chakudya cha ana a ng'ombe obadwa kumene chimayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri ndikugayidwa mosavuta.
Colostrum
Ng'ombe itabadwa, ndikofunikira kumudyetsa colostrum kwa theka la ola kapena ola. Chifukwa cha izi, mwayi wamatendawa udzachepetsedwa ndi 70%, chifukwa mkaka woyamba wobadwa umakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, chakudya, mafuta, michere ndi mavitamini. Mosiyana ndi mkaka wamba, colostrum imakhala ndi zinthu zowirikiza kawiri, motero imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.
Mukamadyetsa ana a ng'ombe ndi colostrum chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mchere wama magnesium ndi acidity yambiri m'matumbo, matumbo amayeretsedwa ndi meconium (ndowe zoyambirira).
Mukapanda kudyetsa mwana wa ng'ombe pasanathe ola limodzi pambuyo pobadwa, ndiye kuti iyamba kuyamwa zinthu zomwe zikuzungulirani. Chifukwa cha zomwe zimatha kudwala ndi matenda owopsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyamayo iphedwe.
Gawo loyamba limawerengeredwa kotero kuti limachokera ku 4 mpaka 6% ya kulemera kwa ng'ombe yonse yamkaka. Koma osapitilira 20% patsiku, ndi 24% m'masiku otsatirawo. Colostrum yochuluka kwambiri sayenera kuperekedwa popeza izi zimapangitsa matumbo kukhumudwa. Ngati ng'ombe ili yofooka, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuigulitsa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono (0.5-0.7 L), koma nthawi zambiri - mpaka katatu pa tsiku. Pafupifupi tsiku lililonse kudyetsa ndi malita 8.
Kutentha kwa colostrum kuyenera kukhala kozungulira + 37 ° C. Mkaka ozizira umayambitsa matumbo okwiyitsidwa.
Kufikira milungu itatu ya zaka, ana a ng'ombe amathandizidwa kuti azidyetsedwa kuchokera kwa akumwa a nipple.
Mukhozanso kumwa ndi kuyamwa. Ili ndi zotsatirazi:
- mkaka umabwera m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, omwe ndiofunikira kwambiri akamakula ng'ombe zazikazi zam'mimba zomwe sizinakhazikike kwathunthu;
- Chakudya chimakhala choyera nthawi zonse, ndipo chimakhala chotentha;
- mulingo wa ma immunoglobulins ukukwera msanga;
- amachepetsa kwambiri matenda;
- kulemera kumawonjezeka ndi 30%.
Mutha kudyetsa mwa kuyamwa mpaka masiku 5.
Musanadyetse mwana wa ng'ombe motere, muyenera kuyeretsa bere la ng'ombeyo.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati palibe colostrum
Ngati palibe colostrum kapena pali chiwopsezo chodwala mukadyetsa, ndiye kuti ng'ombeyo imadyetsedwa mkaka womwewo kuchokera kwa ng'ombe ina kapena muchite nokha. Pa izi, 15 ml ya mafuta olimba a nsomba, magalamu asanu amchere ndi mazira atatu atsopano amawonjezeredwa 1 lita imodzi ya mkaka watsopano wotengedwa kuchokera ku ng'ombe yatsopano. Chilichonse chimasakanizidwa bwino mpaka yosalala. Ng'ombe yobadwa kumene imapatsidwa 1 lita imodzi yosakaniza, ndipo pakudya yotsatira imasungunuka ndi madzi owiritsa ndi 50%.
Ng'ombe zatsopano zimadyetsedwa maola 4-5 alionse 4-5 pa tsiku. Nthawi yomweyo, nthawi yoti mkaka ubereke mkaka ndi kuyamwa uyenera kukhala wocheperako, chifukwa ndi ora lililonse mabakiteriya ambiri amawonekera mkaka womwe umaletsa chimbudzi.
Mukafunikira kuzolowera madzi ndi zakudya zina
Pakatha masiku atatu kuchokera pamene mwana wabadwa, ng'ombe imayamba kupereka madzi. Podyetsa ana amphongo mpaka miyezi itatu ndi kupitirira, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi oyera okha ndi oyera kuchokera ku + 20 ° C mpaka + 25 ° C, ndipo kwa ana akhanda kumene owiritsa mpaka milungu iwiri, kutentha kwa + 35 ° C mpaka + 37 ° C. Amasintha bwino chakudya m'mimba komanso kugaya chakudya. M'malo mwa madzi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma infusions osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, opanga, udzu, kapena mankhwala azitsamba ena. Amathandizira chidwi, ndipo izi zimathandizira kukula kwa nyama.
M'milungu iwiri yoyambirira, ana a ng'ombe amamwetsedwa 1 lita imodzi ndi chakumwa chakumwa, theka ndi theka kapena atatha kudya. Nyama zakale zimapatsidwa malita 1 kapena 2 muchidebe. Mkaka wa amayi umaperekedwa kwa ana ang'ono mpaka milungu iwiri. Kupitilira apo, masabata awiri otsatira, ndikwabwino kudyetsa mkaka kuchokera ku ng'ombe zonse ndi mkaka woyenda, pomwe nthawi zina mumapatsidwa chakudya china, mwachitsanzo, chosinthira kapena mkaka wa ng'ombe wamkaka.
Kusintha kwa mtundu wina wodyetsa kuyenera kukhala kosalala, apo ayi nyamayo imasokonezeka m'matumbo.
Ng'ombe zatsopano zimatha kudyetsedwa yogati. Kuti muchite izi, malita pafupifupi 8000 amkaka wa skim amatengedwa pa 1 lita imodzi ya msuzi wowawasa. Pamaso kudyetsa amatha kupirira osachepera theka la tsiku. Pakudyetsa ana a ng'ombe panyumba, kudyetsa mkaka kumaperekedwa mokwanira, chifukwa amathandizira pakapangidwe kakulidwe ndi kukula kwa minofu.
Ha
Pafupifupi zaka za sabata iliyonse, ana a ng'ombe amayamba kuphunzitsidwa kudya udzu, chifukwa amathandizira kuti chakudya chikhale ndi mphamvu, komanso kulimbitsa minofu yama mastic. Nsipu ndi yaukhondo, yatsopano, koma yopuwala pang'ono, yopanda tsinde ndi masamba. Ndiwo omwe ng'ombe yoyamba ija imang'amba yonse ndi kudya.
Hay imayimitsidwa m'khola pamlingo wokwera pang'ono kuposa kumbuyo kwa ng'ombe, pafupifupi 10 cm, kapena ikangoyikidwira. Njira yokhazikika yodyetsa ndiyabwino, chifukwa pamenepa mwana wa ng'ombeyo adzasokonezedwa ndi kuyamwa kwa zinthu zozungulira. Pang'onopang'ono, gawolo limakulitsidwa, mpaka makilogalamu 1.5 a nsipu amafunikira kudyetsa ana amphongo mpaka miyezi itatu.
Zimagogomezera, zopatsa mphamvu komanso zowonjezera mavitamini
Chakudya chokhazikika chimaperekedwa kwa ana amphongo omwe afika masabata awiri azaka. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito oatmeal, chifukwa umakopedwa mosavuta. Kapenanso amapeza chakudya choyambira, poyerekeza ndi oatmeal, mumakhala mavitamini, michere ndi zinthu zina zofunikira pakukula kwa nyama. Mutha kupanga osakaniza ndi manja anu. Maziko adzakhala oats, tirigu, chimanga ndi barele tart. Amawonjezeranso mpendadzuwa chakudya, nsomba, yisiti yazakudya, ufa wamafuta, mchere, choko, phosphates ndi mavitamini.
Mchere ndi choko zimaperekedwa kwa ana ang'ono omwe afikira zaka zitatu milungu. M'mwezi woyamba wa moyo, mutha kudyetsanso mafuta a tirigu kapena barele. Chifukwa cha izi, m'mimba ndi kutafuna minofu kumakula mwachangu. Musaiwale za chakudya chamafuta. Zitha kuperekedwa kwa ana ang'ono okhala ndi masabata atatu. Mbatata yophika (mbatata yosenda), kaloti wowotcha amawonjezeredwa mkaka, ndipo wazaka 4 atha kuyamba kupanga beets wazakudya.
Mukamasamalira ana amthole, muyenera kutsatira malamulo a ukhondo nthawi zonse. Mukatha kudyetsa chilichonse, mumtsukawu mumatsukidwa bwino ndikuthira madzi otentha. Izi zimachepetsa mwayi wamatenda am'matumbo.
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha matenda chimachitika chifukwa chosowa mavitamini, kotero ndikofunikira nthawi zonse kupatsa ana a ng'ombe kukonzekera. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti, musanawonjezerepo chakudya, phunzirani mosamala malangizo ndikuwonetsetsa. Kuyambira pa mwezi umodzi, mutha kudyetsa nyamazo ndi Felucen kwa ana ang'ono. Mphamvu yowonjezera iyi imapangidwa ngati ma granules, muli ma amino acid, mchere, mavitamini ambiri, komanso mafuta ndi chakudya chamafuta.
Pogwiritsa ntchito vitamini imodzi, sizingatheke kuti ena apatsidwe.
Mkaka wogwiritsa ntchito mkaka ndi ufa wa mkaka
Zosakaniza zouma zophatikiza zimaperekedwa kwa ana a ng'ombe omwe afika masiku khumi. 1 makilogalamu m'malo mwa mkaka wathunthu akhoza m'malo 9,5 makilogalamu wamba. ZCM imayamwa ana a ng'ombe malinga ndi zomwe wopanga wapanga, koma nthawi zambiri imafunikira malita 8.5 a madzi pa kilogalamu imodzi ya ufa. Muli mkaka wosakanizika wamkaka, njere, Whey ndi buttermilk, komanso mulinso mankhwala oletsa kudzimbidwa. Mukadyetsa mkaka wogwirizira, kuthekera kwa kufalitsa matenda kuchokera kwa mwana wa ng'ombe sikumayikidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, zoloweza mmalo zimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri kuposa mkaka wonse.
Ufa wamkaka wama ng ombe ndi wake wamkaka womwe umalowa m'malo. Amapangidwa kuchokera mkaka wonse ndikuwuma. Pali mitundu iwiri: yopanda mafuta ndi yonse. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pawo ndizokhala osiyanasiyana michere ndi cholinga chawo. Mitundu yonseyi imakhala ndi alumali yayitali. Musanabadwe ufa wamkaka kwa ana a ng'ombe, muyenera kuwerengera gawo lawo. Payenera kukhala 4.5% ya kulemera konsekanyama. Ubwino wina wamkaka wopaka bwino ndikuti mawonekedwe ake sasintha kuposa mkaka wamba (kutengera nyengo ya chaka). Komanso, salola matenda opatsirana. Kuphatikiza apo, kudyetsa ana a ng'ombe ndimkaka othira mkaka ndiopindulitsa kwambiri kuposa mkaka wonse.
