Fulakesi ya fulakesi, kapena udzu wa Spark

Ikafalikira, imawoneka ngati lawi la kandulo. Ndipo kuwala kwamphamvu kumeneku kumakhala mpaka kumapeto kwa chirimwe, kumene pamchenga scence, pomwe pamtunda. Chomera chowala sichachilendo kuposa nthano wamba, udzu wobiquitous, womwe umakwiyitsa kwambiri alimi ndi olima dimba. Kuti muchotse sizinthu zosavuta konse: ngakhale ndi bukhu lophunzitsira, palibe, ayi, lolani kuti lizilowanso. Ndipo chinthu chake ndi chakuti fulakayo ndi chomera chophukira. Ngati m'nthaka mukatsala kachidutswa kamene kamakhala ndi impso yoyala, chitsamba chikhala pomwepo. Kupatula apo, namsongole amakhala khumi. Ana achikulire a fulakesi amayenera kukhala osiyana kwambiri ndi omwe adalipo kale, monga amphamvu komanso atsopano.

Fulakesi wamba (Linaria vulgaris) - chomera cha herbaceous osatha, mtundu wamtundu wa Flax; Tsopano mtunduwu nthawi zambiri umatchedwa banja la Plantain (Plantaginaceae), lomwe m'mbuyomu limayikidwa mu banja Norichen (Scrophulariaceae) kapena Veronica (Veronicaceae). Mayina odziwika a chomera: fulakisoni wamtchire, gill, chistik.

Flax wamba (Linaria vulgaris). © Jaroslav Jirásek

Kodi ndizowona kuti udzuwu upangidwa? Maluwa nthawi zonse amatsekedwa, ndipo mungu wosakhwima umasungidwa zonse mumvula komanso mumtsuko womata. Tsinde limatetezedwa, limabzalidwa pang'ono ndi masamba nthawi zonse. Inde, ndipo masamba omwewo amasinthika ndi chilala, chifukwa sizowoneka kuti ndi zopapatiza, zolimba komanso zopopera. Zonenepa sizimasamala. Mukugwa, yang'anani mbewu - ndipo ndizoyamba. Mabokosi opukutira akaphulika paziphuphu ndikutseguka, fulakayo imatulutsira zing'onozing'ono zokhazikitsidwa mpaka pakati pamphepo, Iyi ndi mbewu. Ndipo kuti ma discs azunguliridwa ndi kanema nawonso sizolakwika. Chifukwa chake ndikosavuta kuti atuluke ndikuuluka. Ndipo pomaliza, fanizirani ma rhizomes! Filakisi, yomwe idamera m'nkhalango, ngakhale nthangala yake imapangidwa bwino, m'malo mwa tsinde, imatenga mizu iwiri yozungulira. Izi ndizomveka: kuchuluka kwa michere kumayandikira pafupi ndi zinyalala. Koma pamtunda wokhazikika, udzu wokongola umakhala ndi mizu yolowera pansi kwambiri: mbendera zotere sizingathe kumizidwa ndi olimbana nawo obiriwira. Likukhalira kuti mizu ya nthakayo imatha kusintha magawo osiyanasiyana.

Koma, komabe, chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri mu fulakesi ndi corolla wa duwa. Lipped komanso ofanana ndi pharynx, imaphatikizidwanso ndi chotengera chaching'ono - chakuthengo. Kupindika uku kumakhala ndi msuzi wokoma, komwe tizilombo timakoma kwambiri. Koma izi ndizabwino. Palibe imodzi mwamiyendo isanu ndi umodziyi, kupatula bumblebees, yopatsidwa ndi fulakesi. Mabumbwe amamuthandiza kupukuta, ndipo, ngati, amatero.

Flax wamba (Linaria vulgaris). © madfotobiz

Zimachitika motere. Buglebee wa shaggy amakhala pamlomo wam'munsi wa corolla, amafinya mwamphamvu kudzera m'm masamba omwe amaphimba pharynx, amafika pakatikati, ndikuyambitsa proboscis kukhala timadzi tokoma - ndi zakumwa, amatenga madzi onunkhira. Pomwe akuchita zonsezi, mungu wosokonezeka womwe ukugwedera kumbuyo kwake, ndikuwatsitsa kwa oyeserera. Tsopano bumblebee akuimirira, ndipo mlengalenga adzakhala ndi katundu. M'maluwa wina, mkhalapakati wathu woyipitsa mungu adzagwiritsa ntchito munguwo pazinthu zonyansa, pomwe wopanga mapiko, amatenga kachigawo kakang'ono kwambiri kuchokera ku ubweya. Ubwenzi pano ndiwokalamba kwambiri kotero kuti tizilombo ndi mbewuzo "zidasinthana" wina ndi mnzake. Mulimonsemo, filakiti sakhulupirira kuti mungu udzaipitsidwa.

Inde, ndipo ndi uti wa iwo amene angachite opaleshoni iyi? Kupatula apo, mwayi wofufuzira wamtundu wina ndi mwayi wamabodza ena. Ndipo ngakhale pali zokonda zambiri pakati pa tizilombo, sizingathe kupeza timadzi tokoma. Zowona, ma hymenoptera ena adakwanitsabe kutulutsa timadzi tokoma mozungulira: amakkutikika pakatikati kuchokera panja ndikutsanuliratu pansi botilo.

Kuphatikiza pa uchi, fulakesi imatchuka ngati gwero labwino la utoto wachikaso. Kukongola kwa maluwa a chomera ichi sikunadziwike konse: mitundu yamaluwa yamaluwa a fulakesi imawasangalatsa akatswiri azachilengedwe ndi mawonekedwe atsopano, kuphatikiza kwachilendo kwa mizere ya contour. Titha kuwona kuti udzu wa anthu adautcha woterera chifukwa cha kukongola kwa maluwa. Dzinalo "Filakisi" limaperekedwa chifukwa chofanana ndi fulakesi: lisanadutse, masamba awo ndi ofanana. Koma m'midzi ina yaku Russia chomera ichi chimatchedwa mosiyanasiyana: mabatani, ma gilili, mabulosi achikasu, mabelu achikasu, malawi a fulakesi, ozizira (ozizira mpaka kukhudza), ma nipples, maswiti a shuga, ng'ombe yamphongo, komanso pansi pa dzina lodabwitsa la grimon.

Filakisi wa fulakesi anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wowerengeka azitsamba ndi zotupa, m'malo ena anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati piritsi yogona.

Flax wamba (Linaria vulgaris). © Chironius

Filakitala wamba alibe zabwino zopatsa thanzi. Kuphatikiza apo, siziri popanda chifukwa kuti ndizoyipa kwa mahatchi, ng'ombe, ana a ng'ombe. Nyama, yoyatsidwa ndi fulakesi, zimavutika mtima: zimasiya kutafuna, malovu, kupuma, komanso kuvutika ndi m'mimba. Mwamwayi, zotere ndizosowa, popeza ng'ombe nthawi zambiri sizigwira filakisi, kupatula apo, imawopsa msipu ndi kununkhira konse ndi kununkhira. Kuopsa kwa udzu kumachitika chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa ma glucosides (linarin ndi pectolinarin), omwe amachotsa asidi wa hydrocyanic acid. Amakhulupirira kuti fulakesi imakhala ndi poizoni masamba ndi tsinde, makamaka m'magawo.

Pazonse, botanists amawerengera mitundu pafupifupi 150 ya fulakesi ya fulakesi pansi. Zimagawidwa makamaka m'malo otentha. M'dziko lathu, mitundu 34 ya mbewuyi imapezeka, makamaka ku Caucasus. Flaxse wamba wamba yekha "yemwe amasangalala" kum'mwera komanso kumpoto.