Bulosi wokoma kwambiri wakale m'munda wake wamalimwe ndi chakudya chapamwamba kwenikweni kwa anthu ambiri a ku Siberia. Koma osati kwa iwo omwe akuchita ntchito yolima honeysuckle ndipo adakwanitsa kusangalala ndi zabwino zonse za mabulosi onunkhira. M'mikhalidwe ya kufika kumapeto kwa kumapeto, imacha mkatikati mwa June, pomwe rasipiberi, sitiroberi, othandizira amangomanga masamba.
Zambiri za kubzala honeysuckle ku Siberia
Alimi okayikira akhala akukhulupirira kuti kubzala honeysuckle ku Siberia m'makomo achilimwe ndi ntchito yopanda kanthu. Mfundo yawo yolumbira ndi yoti mitundu yomwe yabzalidwa pamera iyi idzafa nthawi yozizira ndipo kuli bwino kukhutira ndi mitundu yamtchire yomwe imapezeka m'nkhalango za Siberia. Eya, wina amene adaganiza zotenga mwayi ndikubzala malo ena kuchokera ku Siberia m'mundamu atha kutsimikiza kuti chitsamba ichi chimapirira kutentha mpaka -45-50 madigiri ndipo sichowonongeka ndi chisanu chobwerezabwereza.
Kuti chomera chikule bwino ndi kubereka zipatso mu nyengo yozizira ya Siberia, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungabzalire honeysuckle molondola, kotero kuti imathandizira mwachangu:
- Sankhani mitundu yosankhidwa yokha yomwe idapangidwira dera la Siberia.
- Pakubzala, zitsamba za zaka zitatu zokhala mumbale, zokhala ndi mizu yotseguka, ndizoyenera kwambiri. Ndiwodula kangapo kuposa mbande zapachaka, koma kugonjetsedwa ndi nyengo yanyengo, kuzika mizu mwachangu mukatha kusinthika ndikukusangalatsani ndi zipatso zokoma mchaka choyamba.
Kusankha mmera woyenera, wathanzi, wabwino ndi luso kwenikweni. Saplings of honeysuckle wazaka zitatu wazaka uyenera kukhala ndi nthambi zitatu mpaka zinayi mpaka 40 masentimita komanso mizu yokhazikitsidwa bwino yopanga mizu yaying'ono yozungulira mozungulira matope. Musanagule, ndikofunika kutaya chomera kuchokera mumphika ndikuyang'ana pansi. Ngati palibe fungo losasangalatsa la nkhungu, ndipo dothi loumbika limazungulira mizu, ndiye kuti chomera choterocho chimasamalidwa bwino ku nazale ndipo chidzazika mizu mwachangu.
- Maenje obzala amakonzedwa bwino kwambiri mu nthawi ya masika ndipo amakonzedwa ndi feteleza wautali wa mchere, kamodzi pamwezi kuti afotetse nthaka. Kubzala honeysuckle m'malo okhazikika kumalimbikitsidwa mwezi umodzi isanachitike chisanu. Ngati mbewuyo ili ndi mizu yotseguka, ndiye kuti ndibwino kugwira ntchito yobzala kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, malinga ndi nyengo yabwino komanso yamvula. Poterepa, tchire liyenera kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse ndi kupewa zipatso.
- Dzenje lokwera liyenera kukhala lopangika komanso lakuzama (osachepera mita imodzi). Panyengo yotentha, imayenda pang'ono ndipo imadzaza ndi kompositi. Ndikwabwino kubzala mbewu m'dziko loterolo, popeza ladzala ndi michere ndi mpweya wonse (pokhapokha nthaka ikawombedwa). Dongosolo la ngalawo limapangidwa bwino kwambiri kuchokera ku miyala yosalala kapena miyala yamiyala.
- Tchire lomwe lili mdzenjemo liyenera kuyikidwa kuti dziko lapansi ligwedezere nthambi zotsika za mbewu.
- Mukabzala, ndizoletsedwa kuthira feteleza pansi pa mizu.
- Nthaka mozungulira chomera chobzaliracho madzi, amathiridwa bwino ndikuyamwa. Monga mulch, utuchi, singano, kompositi, peat, udzu watsopano wokometsedwa ndizoyenera bwino. Munkhalango za Siberia, sphagnum moss imakula. Ndi mulch yabwino mabulosi a mabulosi. M'nyengo yotentha kapena yophukira, udzu ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito, koma nthawi yozizira ndi bwino kuisintha ndi nthambi za payini.
- Osagwiritsa ntchito molakwika unakhazikika m'minda. Mtunda wa mita imodzi ndi theka pakati pa tchire uzilola honeysuckle kukula bwino ndikubereka zipatso.
- Ndikwabwino kuyambanso kuvala pakapita chaka chimodzi, mulingo wocheperako, mutatha kuthirira.
Mitundu ingapo ya honeysuckle m'dera limodzi imatha kuwonjezera zokolola.
Mutabzala, kusamalira honeysuckle kumathandizira kuti muchotse maudzu, kuthirira, nthaka ikamuma, komanso ntchito yoteteza. Ndikofunika kuti musapitirire umuna. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti chomera chifa kapena chiwonetsero cham'munsi cha thunthu.
Zinsinsi za honeysuckle: zobisika za chisamaliro ndi nyengo yozizira
Kusamalira Honeysuckle ku Siberia sikusiyana kwambiri ndi njira yofananira kudera lina ladzikolo. Chaka chimodzi mutabzala, tchire ziyenera kudyetsedwa pafupipafupi ndi feteleza wovuta. Koma popeza chilimwe m'derali ndi chachifupi, ndibwino kuti mupangitse kuthamanga kwa michere kupita kumizu. Kuti muchite izi, mabowo akuya amapangidwa mozungulira ngati tchire ndi khwangwala ndipo njira yokhala ndi ma Microelement imathiridwa mwa iwo. Za feteleza wa nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mu zochuluka kwambiri, chifukwa mmera sudzakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kuzimitsa munthawi yochepa yophukira. Mlingo wa ammonium nitrate sayenera kupitirira 35 g pa chomera chilichonse. Potaziyamu ndi superphosphate zimayambitsidwa mu kasupe ndi yophukira, pamlingo wa 30 g pa chitsamba chilichonse.
Honeysuckle ndi chomera chosavuta komanso chosavuta kusamalira. Chimatenga mizu pamalowo ndikupereka zipatso zake kwa anthu. Olima maluwa aluso apeza njira yofikira pamtengowu ndikuphunzira zinsinsi za honeysuckle, zomwe zithandizira kusamalira tchire ndikuthandizira kuwonjezera zokolola:
- Phunzirani momwe mungathiritsire bwino madzi. Chomerachi sichimalekerera kuthilira nthaka, koma kumakonda kutentha. Ndikofunika kuti musaphonye kuthirira nthawi yayitali yakukula kwa tchire: nthawi ya maluwa ndi kumayambiriro kwa kucha kucha zipatso. Ngati nthawi ino chomera chikasowa chinyezi, chimatha kutaya 50% ya mbewu. Kuthirira chitsamba chachikulire, ndowa zitatu zazikulu zamadzi ndizokwanira. Iyenera kugawidwa bwino lomwe komanso moyenerera pagulu la thunthu. Mukathirira, simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito zitsime chifukwa chonde. Potere, mpira wapamwamba wa dothi ndi chida cha mkodzo ukhala wouma, ndipo amavutika kwambiri chifukwa chokhala chinyezi.
- Honeysuckle ndi chomera chachitali ndipo ziribe kanthu kuchuluka kwa feteleza ndi zophukira zomwe zidagwiritsidwira ntchito, sipangakhale kukula kwakukulira kwa masentimita 5-6 pachaka ku nyengo ya Siberia. Chomera chimayankha bwino feteleza ndipo ngati nkotheka, ndibwino kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Mullein kulowetsedwa (wothira mu April) kapena nthito za nkhuku zimathandiza kwambiri pakukula kwa mphukira ndi mtundu wa mbewu.
- Julayi-Okutobala ndiyo nthawi yomwe mungathe kumuikiza malo ena m'malo osasokoneza chomera. Asanabzalidwe, nthaka yozungulira tchire imathiriridwa, kudikirira chinyontho kuti ichotse, ndipo pokhapokha amayamba kukumba. Ndikofunikira kugwira gawo lalikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi kuzungulira mizu. Izi zimalola honeysuckle kuyambiranso kukula mwachangu.
- Ndikofunikira kuwongolera mapangidwe a korona wa honeysuckle. Kudulira chitsamba ndi kuchotsa mphukira zakale kuyenera kuyamba mchaka chachitatu mutabzala. Zomera zanthete kwambiri zimatha kusiya zipatso zake komanso mawonekedwe ake okongoletsa. Kuti muthe kubereka bwino, ndikofunikira kufupikitsa nthambi za chomerazo mpaka masentimita 20. Ndikofunikira kuti gawo lotsika la mphukira limayatsidwa momwe mungathere, chifukwa maluwa ambiri amayikidwa pamenepo.
Malangizo ochepa osavuta amatha, nthawi zina, bwino kuposa feteleza aliyense komanso othandizira, achulukitsa zipatso ndikuwonjezera honeysuckle. Ngati palibe luso pakupanga tchire ndi kudulira mbewu, kuwonera kanema wonena za kubzala ndi kusamalira honeysuckle kungathandize kuthana ndi ntchitoyi.
Kukonzekera honeysuckle nthawi yozizira ku Siberia kuli ndi mawonekedwe ake. Kuti chisanu chikuyenda bwino ndizofunikira:
- kudula nthambi zonse zazing'ono zosapsa pa korona ndikuchotsa nthambi zakale, zodwala zomwe zitha kukhala matenda;
- mulch pafupi ndi thunthu bwalo la chitsamba ndi nthambi za spruce kapena paini, nthambi zodziyimira bwino ndizitetezo zabwino kwambiri ku makoswe ndi kuvala bwino ngati organic;
- mphukira m'munsi uyenera kuterera ndi dothi.
Pali yankho limodzi losavuta komanso lothandiza ku funso la momwe mungakonzekere honeysuckle nthawi yozizira: kupewa matenda osakhalitsa, chisamaliro choyenera chimalimbitsa chitetezo cha honeysuckle ndikuthandizira nthawi yozizira popanda kutayika komanso kupsinjika.
Honeysuckle ku Siberia: mitundu yabwino kwambiri
Ngati mungasankhe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya honeysuckle ku Siberia, ndiye kuti nthawi yachilimwe nthawi zonse imayamba ndi mabulosi okoma ndi onunkhira. Mukamasankha muyenera kutsata njira monga:
- zokolola zambiri;
- kubuma nyengo yabwino yozizira;
- kubala koyambirira.
Altai ndi Chinese honeysuckle amakwaniritsa zomwe amafunikira ndipo ndi abale apamtundu wamitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Siberia.
Altai honeysuckle amakhala ku Russia, amagawidwa kwambiri m'nkhalango za Far East, Siberia, Urals, Altai. Zomera zimamera bwino m'malo owala, malo otsetsereka. Kudzula tchire kumayambira koyambirira kwa June ndikutha mu Seputembara. Zipatsozi zimakhala ndi mtundu wamtambo wamtambo komanso zowawa. Pamaziko a Altai honeysuckle, mitundu monga "Berel", "Moto Opal", "Checkmark, Selena", "Sirius" adapangidwa.
Kamchatka honeysuckle amadziwika ndi kukhwima koyambirira komanso kukoma, kukoma kwa zipatso zomwe zimakonda kukhetsedwa nthawi yakucha. Kukula pang'onopang'ono kwa tchire komanso kulowa mochedwa mu gawo la zipatso ndi vuto lalikulu la mtengowo, koma chifukwa chotentha kwambiri, nyengo yachisanu idalola asayansi kupanga mitundu yotchuka monga "Blue Spindle", "Cinderella", "Blue bird", "Illiada" pamaziko ake.
Masiku ano, ntchito yopindulitsa yopanga ikuchitika m'njira iyi, ndipo cholinga chachikulu cha asayansi ndikupanga mitundu ya honeysuckle yokhala ndi malo ochepa othira zipatso, zokolola zambiri komanso kukana zinthu zachilengedwe.
