Medlar ndi mtengo wokongola kwambiri, wopatsa chidwi (kapena shrub) wokhala ndi zipatso zotsekemera, zabwino, koma zovuta. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira a medlar, panthambi zotseguka, amatha kukongoletsa dimba lililonse. Zipatso za medlar zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofunika kwa munthu ndipo, ndizowonjezera.
Medlar German (Mespilus Germanyica).
Momwe msonkho wa mbewu, medlar ndi wa banja la pinki (Rosaceae), komwe amagawidwa mu mtundu wina wa Mushmula (Mespilus) Mitundu imakhala ndi mitundu itatu ya medlar, yomwe mitunduyo imadziwika kwambiri. Medlar German (Mespilus Germanyica) kapena wamba.
Medlar German ili ndi zofananira zambiri. Chifukwa chake, loquat Wachijeremani ku Caucasus amatchedwa Caucasus, mtengo weniweni, chishkovym (chikho), chishka. M'madera ena, dzina la chulu, ezgil, etc.
Ngakhale medlar amatchedwa Germany, dziko lenileni la chikhalidwe ndi mapiri kumapiri kwa Iran, madera akumwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia Minor.
German medlar - mtengo wabwino mpaka wamtali wa 4-8 m, womwe moyo wawo umakhala pafupifupi zaka 50. Imakopa korona wobiriwira wachilendo m'chilimwe ndipo, chifukwa cha kukongola kwake, imapatsidwa gulu lazomera zodzikongoletsera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokongoletsa mapaki, ngodya zopuma mnyumba zam'chilimwe.
Mizu ya medrum Germanic imakhala nthambi, koma yapamwamba, yomwe ili pamalo apamwamba 60-70 masentimita, idapangidwa bwino. Thunthu lake ndi lowongoka, nthambi zokhota, ndikupanga korona wofalikira. Makungwa a thunthu ndi nthambi zotupa za imvi. Nthambi ndi thunthu la mitundu yamtchire zimakhala ndi minga yaying'ono.
Ku medlar Germany kumapeto kwa mphukira za chaka cham'mbuyo, mawonekedwe amodzi amaluwa, omwe amayamba kuphuka mu Meyi - June. Maluwa nthawi zonse amakhala ndi corolla yoyera kapena yapinki, mpaka masentimita atatu. Ofanana kwambiri ndi maluwa a quince.
Zipatso za medlar yaku Germany zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira apulo, okhala ndi mainchesi 2-5. M'mawonekedwe, nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi zipatso za m'chiuno chachikulu cha rose. Khungu la zipatso limakhala lofiirira kapena lofiirira.
The zamkati zipatso kucha ndi okoma, wowawasa pang'ono, tart ndi apulosi-quince kukoma. Kukololedwa kudya itatha chisanu choyamba kapena koyambirira, kuyikidwa kosungirako kwa nthawi yayitali. Zipatso zachisanu zimatha kukhala ndi kakomedwe kakamwe ndi kutaya astringency. Zipatso panthambi zimakhalabe mpaka nyengo yozizira kwambiri, ndi nyengo yofunda mpaka kumapeto.
Omwe alimi amayerekezera kukoma kwa zamkati zomwe zapsa ndi zipatsozo ndipo amazitcha kuti zonunkhira bwino panthambi.
Kukula medlar ku Germany sikufuna njira zapadera mukadzala mbande ndikusamalira mitengo.
Kufalikira kwa medlar Germany
Munthawi zachilengedwe, mederic Germanic amakula bwino ndikukula kumayiko otentha kwambiri ndi kutentha, pang'ono chisanu (bwino kuposa - chisanu chisanu) nthawi yozizira. Komabe, zitsamba ndi mitengo yachikhalidwe imakhala ndi chisanu chabwino. Kuthengo, ku Germany kumene anthu amakhala ali ku Balkan, ku Transcaucasus, ku Armenia, Georgia, South Ossetia, ndi ku Azerbaijan. Imapezeka mmera zakutchire zakumwera komanso kumadzulo kwa Ukraine, m'minda yamatchire kumadera otentha a Moldova, komanso ku Baltic.
Ku Russia, imamera munthawi zachilengedwe m'nkhalango zowala zakumwera kwa Crimea, dera la Caucasus, komanso kumadera a Caspian. Poganizira zabwino za medlar Germany, alimi ambiri ochulukirapo anayamba kulima mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya medlar m'malo a dachas ndi madera oyandikana nawo.
Zipatso za medlar Germanic.
Chifukwa chiyani amakonda loquat?
Phindu la medlar kwa thupi latsimikiziridwa kwazaka zambiri mu chakudya komanso pochiza matenda ambiri. Ma medlar ali ndi mavitamini ambiri (A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, C, E, K, PP ndi ena). Amatsata zinthu, kuphatikizapo ayodini, zinc, selenium, magnesium, manganese, omwe ali ndi vuto lachitetezo cha anthu komanso ntchito ya chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, kapamba, nyemba za adrenal.
Zipatso za medrum za ku Germany zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kupanikizana, kupanikizana, marshmallows, kusunga, mararmade, timadziti, zakumwa za zipatso, vinyo. Zipatso za medlar ndizochepa-calorie ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya zolemetsa.
Nthawi yomweyo, medlar iyenera kuyambitsidwa mosamalitsa muzakudya, makamaka kwa ana. Imakhumudwitsa mucosa wam'mimba ndipo imaphatikizidwa mu matenda am'mimba, limodzi ndi acidity yayikulu, yotupa ya kapamba.
Medlar sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya pazakudya zonse zomwe zimawonjezera mavitamini ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimapezeka mu zipatso za medlar yaku Germany.
Duwa la medlar Germanic.
Kodi mukukula medras yaku Germany poyera?
Monga chomera chokongoletsera, medular Germanic imamera kulikonse kumadera akumwera. M'zaka zaposachedwa, obereketsa adapeza minda yomwe imatha kupanga zipatso mwazaka zomwe zikukula mozizira.
Makhalidwe azachilengedwe
German medlar amakula ndi kubereka zipatso poyera m'malo onse akumwera ndi oyandikana, nyengo yomwe imafanana ndi zikhalidwe. Amapanga zipatso zodziwika bwino zomwe zimadziwika ndi kukweza kwambiri. Mitengo imakhala ndi kukana kwambiri chisanu, kupirira chisanu mpaka -30ºº. Mitundu ina imamera mumsewu wapakati.
Chithunzi chachikulu cha Medlar Germany, m'malo otetemera chimakhala choponderezedwa komanso chopanda mphamvu.
Popeza mizu yopanda dongosolo, mitengo imafunika kuthirira. Sangathe kuyandikira kuyandikira kwa nthaka yapansi pansi, kotero kuthirira kuyenera kukhala koyenera.
Medlar yaku Germany imabzalidwa kumapeto kwa yophukira mu Okutobala-Novembala.
Mtengo wa medlar waku Germany.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi komanso kubzala panja
Dothi labwino kwambiri la medlar Germanic limakhala acidic pang'ono (pH = 5-6), dothi labwino, lotayirira, lotulutsa mpweya komanso lamadzimadzi lamchenga (mchenga wotseka wamchenga, soddy, humus ndi ena).
Kubzala mbande za medlar, dzenje lobzala la 40-50x40-50 masentimita limakonzedwa pasadakhale. Kuzama kuli mpaka 70-80 cm. Kukula kotsalira kwa dzenjelo kuyenera kupitilira 1/3 ya mizu ya mmera. Ikani pambali pamwamba kukonza dothi. Pansi pa dzenje, ikani zinyalala 20-25 masentimita kuchokera padongo, miyala yophwanyika, njerwa zosweka, ndi timiyala ting'onoting'ono, kotero kuti nthawi yayitali mvula yambiri madzi samayenda pamalire a mizu.
Kwa dothi lakumtunda lotalikirana (ngati ndi lolemera mwakuthupi) onjezani humus kapena kompositi yokhwima ndi mchenga mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 1. Sakanizani bwino, onjezani nitrophosphate (70-80 g / chabwino) kapena feteleza wina wamafuta onse malinga ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, motero, pa 40 ndi 30 g / bwino.
Tekinoloje yodzala mbande siyosiyana ndi mbewu zina za zipatso. Nthawi yodzala, ndikofunikira kuwunika komwe kumayambira khosi la muzu wa medlar Germany. Kulowa kwake mu dothi kumakhudza bwino kukula ndi kukula kwa mtengowo. Khola la mizu liyenera kukhala pamlingo wa dothi.
Ndikofunika kuyendetsa mtengo kulowa m'dzenje lomata ndikumangirira mmera wokhazikika ndi riboni yofewa kapena twine lonse kwa ilo kudzera pa chithunzi eyiti kuti thunthu lisakhote. Mukathirira, dothi lozungulira mmera limadzaza ndi humus, peat, ndi kompositi.
Medlar ya ku Germany ndi ya mbewu zomwe zimadzipukutsira tokha, koma ndibwino kubzala mbande zingapo (2-3) patali. Mukabzala m'munda wosakanizika, mbande nthawi yomweyo zimayikidwa pamalo osankhidwa. Chikhalidwe sichimalola kuti zigwiritsidwe.
Popeza mawonekedwe a korona (akufalikira kwambiri) pakati pa mitengo amasiya kutalika kwa mamita 3-4. Mukasankha malo, muyenera kudziwa kuti medlar siilola kuyandikira kwa mtedza ndi apurikoti. Zotsala zina zonse ndizovomerezeka, makamaka apulo, peyala, quince.
Chisamaliro Chapanja cha Medlar
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali ya medlar ku Germany kumayambitsa kudula kwa nthaka, choncho chikhalidwe chimafunikira umuna, womwe umayamba zenizeni kuchokera chaka chachiwiri cha moyo wamoyo m'malo okhazikika. Zomera zazing'ono zimadyetsedwa pambuyo pa masabata a 3-4, achikulire (ndi chiyambi cha kubereka) nthawi 2-3 munyengo ya kukula.
Medlar amadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wachilengedwe mu kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira. Mwatsopano mullein umadzipaka ndi madzi muyezo wa 1: 8. Ngati chonde chokhala chochepa, ndiye kuti, nthawi yamaluwa, amadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa phosphorous, komanso nthawi yogwira kukula ndi kukula kwa zipatso ndi feteleza wa potashi.
Medlar amayankha bwino kuvala kwapamwamba ndi phulusa ndi michere, mayankho ake omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito panthaka kapena ndi njira yopopera kudzera mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Popeza tsamba la masamba la medlar ndi losalala, sopo kapena zomatira zapadera zimayenera kuwonjezeredwa ku yankho la michere. Feteleza olimba umagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi kuthirira. Mukathirira, mulching nthaka ndikofunikira.
Zipatso za medlar Chijeremani pamtengo.
Kudulira kwa Medlar
Mkati korona, nthambi zokulirapo zimadulidwa ndipo zimafuna kudula mwaukhondo (youma, kudwala, kukulira mkatikati, majika). M'zaka 2 zoyambirira mutabzala mmera wina wazaka 2-3, nthambi za mafupa zamtundu woyamba zimadulidwa ndi 1/2, zaka ziwiri zotsatira ndi 1/4. Mphukira zotsogola za 2nd munthawi imeneyi zimafupikitsidwa mpaka 20-25 masentimita. M'tsogolomo, kudulira koyera ndi kudulira kwa nthambi zomwe zimatuluka mopitilira kuchuluka kwa korona kumachitika.
Njira zofalitsira za medlar Germany
Medlar yaku Germany imafalitsidwa ndi njere komanso mosaatively - ndi zodula, masanjidwe, mizu ndi mizu.
Kufalikira kwa mbewu za Medlar
Ndi mbewu yofalikira ya medlar, zilembo zamtundu wa mayi chikhalidwe zimasungidwa.
Zoyenera kuchita: Mbeu zimayenera kukhala zatsopano, kuchotsedwamo chipatso musanafesere m'nthaka. Mafupa owuma amachepetsa kumera kangapo. Mbewu za medlar ku Germany zikugwa kumapeto kwa Okutobala - Novembala koyambirira adabzala m'nthaka. M'nyengo yozizira, amakhala ndi mayanjano achilengedwe ndipo amatuluka chaka chamawa.
Mutha kulima mbande zanyumba kunyumba (mumphika kapena chidebe chilichonse) mwa kuyimitsa njere mu firiji ndi masika 20 masentimita a mbewu panthaka. Kusamaliranso mbande ndi mitengo yazipatso ya akulu a ku Germany meder ndi chimodzimodzi ndi mbewu zina.
Wotuta zipatso za medlar Germany.
Kufalitsa kwa Medlar mwa kuyala
German medlar imafalitsa bwino ndikayikapo. Panyengo yophukira, nthambi ya pachaka imaloweredwa pansi ndi mbewa yopanga maonekedwe a V m'mtengo womata. Pa mbali ya dothi, mabala amapangidwa m'malo angapo pa kotekisi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mizu yake izika mizu mwachangu. Wosanjikiza amathiramo madzi ndi muzu wothira, owazidwa ndi nthaka, wokhazikika.
Dothi, lomwe ndi dothi losunguliridwa, litakumbidwa, liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse, koma osasefukira. Mizu imakhala mpaka zaka ziwiri. Gawo la medlar limapanga mizu yolimba komanso mizu ingapo. Mukazika mizu, imasiyanitsidwa ndi chomera ndipo chimabzalidwa pamalo okhawo osafunikira kuikika. Chomera chodzilekanitsa chimachitika nthawi yophukira masamba atagwa.
Kufalikira kwa medlar ndi katemera
Mitundu yosankhidwa kapena chosakanizidwa cha medlar Germany chitha kumanikizidwa kumtengo, quince, mtengo wa apulo, hawthorn. Katemera njira: khungwa, mgawanika.
Mutha kuyesa kukhazikitsa medrum ya ku Germany pamadzi, zipatsozo zimakhala ndi zipatso zosafunikira, zosangalatsa kwambiri. Nawonso, Jeremani yosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chuma cha mapeyala.
Kuteteza medlar ku tizirombo ndi matenda
Medlar waku Germany samakonda kugwidwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Wamaluwa adazindikira kuti kuchokera ku tizirombo ta medlar, nsabwe za m'mimba zimawonongeka ndi nkhanambo. Mwa matenda - fungal matenda, kuphatikizapo mwendo bowa, bulauni dzimbiri. Kuwonongeka kwa tizirombo tina ndi matenda ena kumawonekera padera ndipo sikuvulaza mbewu.
Poletsa, mitengo ndi zitsamba za medlar zimathandizidwa ndi 3% Bordeaux madzi atatsitsa masamba mu kugwa ndi masika mpaka masamba atatseguka. Ndikwabwino osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena aliwonse, koma kugwiritsa ntchito, ngati kuli kotheka, mankhwala:
- bioinsecticides - actofit, boverin, lepidocide, bitoxybacillin ndi ena.
- biofungicides - mycosan, trichodermin, phytolavine, phytosporin, glyocladin ndi ena.
Medlar German (Mespilus Germanyica).
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya medlar Chijeremani chokulitsa mdzikolo
M'malo ovuta a mdera la Russian Federation, mayiko a CIS ndi maiko ena, mitundu yotsatirayi ya medrum yaku Germany ndi yovomerezeka komanso yodziwika bwino: Lokoma Dracheva, Karadag, Goitkhovskaya, Sentesha Rozha, Sochi, Khvamli. Zipatso zonse zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya medlar Germany ndizazikulu kuyambira 3 mpaka 5 cm.
Mwa mitundu yopanda mbewu ya medlar, Apirena (Wopanda Mbewu) amathanso kuvomerezedwa, koma zipatso zake ndizochepa komanso Huge Evreinova, yemwe ali ndi zipatso mpaka mainchesi 8.
Mwa mitundu ina ya medlar yomwe imadziwika zaka zambiri poyesa, wamaluwa amalimbikitsa bushy ndi zipatso zazikulu "Dutsh", mitengo yowongoka yomwe ili ndi zipatso zazing'ono "Nottingham" ndi "Royal". Mitundu yonse imasiyanitsidwa ndi kununkhira, zipatso zomwe zimakhala ndi kukoma kosasangalatsa.
