Myrtle - chizindikiro cha mtendere ndi bata

Mwa Agiriki akale, myrtle amadziwika kuti ndi chizindikiro cha unyamata, kukongola komanso kudzisunga. Ngakhale pamenepo, zopindulitsa za mafuta ofunikira zidadziwika. Madzi omwe anathiridwa mu myrtle amatsukidwa ndi nzika zabwino. Kulowetsedwa kwa vinyo pa zipatso za mule zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chofunikira cha thanzi komanso thanzi.

Zosasinthika modabwitsa, myrtle amawononga tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ngakhale muyezo yaying'ono kwambiri osakhazikika akupha chifuwa chachikulu komanso diphtheria bacilli ndi mabakiteriya ena. Chomera chomwe chili ndi masamba okwanira 1.5 m² chimatha kuyeretsa ma mpweya a mamilimita 100 ndi 40-50%, chimapha mpaka 22% ya streptococci ndi mpaka 40% ya staphylococci. Imathandizira kuthana ndi chimfine ndi ARI.

Myrtle (lat.Myrtus) - mtundu wam'mwera wobiriwira nthawi zonse wokhala ndi maluwa oyera otuwa ndi masamba obiriwira amdima okhala ndi mafuta ofunikira. Myrtle amatchedwanso nkhata yamaluwa ndi masamba a mtengo kapena nthambi yake - chizindikiro cha chete, mtendere ndi chisangalalo.

Myrtle ndi mtengo onenepa wobiriwira nthawi zonse. Ali ndi udzu wobiriwira, ngati masamba opukutidwa, maluwa okongola. Masamba a mchira ali ndi mafuta ofunikira, omwe ankapangira zofukiza. Myrtle anali chizindikiro chaulemerero ndi ntchito zabwino. Myrtle wreath wokhala ndi maluwa nthawi zakale anali chokongoletsera chaukwati.

Nthano

M'masiku akale, mchira chinali chizindikiro cha mulungu wamkazi wa Venus ndi adzakazi ake atatu - mawonekedwe atatu. Pa Renaissance, myrtle mygtle adayamba kuonetsa chikondi chamuyaya, makamaka kukhulupirika muukwati.

Pa Renaissance, myrtle mygtle adayamba kuonetsa chikondi chamuyaya, makamaka kukhulupirika muukwati.

Mawu oti "myrtle" adachokera ku Greek. Nthano imanena kuti nymph Mirsina, yemwe Athena yemwenso amamukonda, adagonjetsa mulungu wamkazi wapamwamba wa Olimpiki uyu pokonzekera mpikisano. Kaduka kanadzaza chisomo cha wokondedwayo, ndipo Athena anapha nymph pobwezera chifukwa cha kunyada kovulalayo. Koma atazindikira, adachita mantha ndipo adayamba kupempha uphungu kwa milungu ya Olimpiki kuti amusiyire kukumbukira a Mirsin. Milungu idamvera chisoni, ndipo chomera chokongola, monga nymph chimwini, chidakula kuchokera mthupi la womwalirayo - mchisu. Malinga ndi nthano, Aphrodite adavekedwa korona ndi mchombo kuchokera ku myrtle pamkangano wotchuka, chifukwa chomwe Paris idamupatsa iye apulosi. Kuyambira pamenepo, myrtle wakhala duwa lokondedwa kwambiri la mulungu wachikondi ndi wokongola, nthawi zina amadzitcha Mirthea. Kuzungulira Kachisi wa Aphrodite, tchire tambiri tambiri zidabzalidwa, ndipo pamapwando a pachaka polemekeza mulunguyu, aliyense adakongoletsedwa ndi nkhata za mchisu.

Myrtle

Mawonekedwe

Maluwa: nthawi zambiri nthawi yotentha mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe.

Kutalika: myrtle imakula pang'onopang'ono: Kukula kwapachaka kwa 10-15 masentimita.

Kuwala: owazidwa mowala; mmera umatha kulekerera dzuwa pang'ono.

Kutentha: nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, yochepa kapena pang'ono poyerekeza pang'ono, 18-20 ° C; m'miyezi yozizira, mtengo wa mchisu umasungidwa kwambiri kutentha kwa 5 ° C ndipo osapitirira 8-10 ° C.

Kuthirira: kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, nthawi zonse komanso zochulukirapo (monga pamwamba pamtunda pamawuma), nthawi yozizira - yochepa.

Chinyezi cha mpweya: Kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, mbewuyo imapopera.

Mavalidwe apamwamba: kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, mchira umatani umuna uliwonse umuna ndi umuna.

Kukula: Zomera zimaloleza kudulira ndi kudulira, kuti zitha kupatsidwa mawonekedwe aliwonse.

Nthawi yopumula: nyengo yachisanu; mbewuyo imasungidwa pamalo abwino, opanda phokoso (5-10 ° C), kuthirira pang'ono.

Thirani: mbewu zazing'ono amazika chaka chilichonse kumapeto kwa chaka, osakulitsa tsinde mu dothi, m'tsogolo muno zimadzachitika ndikofunikira pambuyo zaka 2-3.

Ntchito: mbewu imafesa ndi mbewu, kudula.

Chisamaliro

Myrtle amakonda kuwala kowala kosasunthika, amaloleza kuwala kwakatundu. Yoyenera kulima kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kwa mawindo. M'mawindo akum'mwera chakumadzulo, ndikofunikira kupereka chomera kutetezedwa ndi dzuwa ladzuwa. Itha kumera pawindo lakumpoto, komabe, maluwa sakhala ochepa. M'nyengo yozizira, mchisu chimayikidwa m'malo owunikira kwambiri.

M'chilimwe, mchisu chimatha kuwonekera poyera, m'malo otetezedwa ndi dzuwa lalitali masana. Chomera chizolowera kuwunikira pang'onopang'ono. Omwe alimi ena kuti azilimitsa mbeu nthawi yachilimwe amakwirira mulu wosakira munthaka mwachangu.

Myrtle amakonda kuzizira, nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe amafunika kutentha pang'ono kapena pang'ono kuposa kutentha kwapakati (18-20 ° C). M'miyezi yozizira, mtengo wa mchisu umasungidwa kwambiri kutentha kwa 5 ° C ndipo osapitirira 8-10 ° C. Pamtunda wotentha kwambiri kuposa nyengo yozizira, mbewuyo imatha kutaya masamba.

Myrtle amafunika mpweya wabwino wambiri.

Myrtle amathiriridwa madzi kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira pafupipafupi (monga gawo lokwera la gawo lapansi limawuma), nthawi yozizira - ndi madzi ochepa, ofewa, okhazikika. Palibe amene sayenera kuloledwa ngakhale kuyimitsa kwakanthawi kwa dothi. Ngati, gawo louma, lowetsani ndi kuthirira mumoto mumtsuko wamadzi. Nthawi yomweyo, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti madzi asasunthike pachomera.

Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti athe kuyang'anira chinyezi. Ngakhale m'chilengedwe momwe mumamera zipatso za mchisu, chinyezi cha mlengalenga sichimaposa 60%, mzipinda zomwe zimatenthetsa pakati nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosakwana theka. Kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, mbewuyo imayenera kumalitsidwira nthawi zonse. Pakupopera, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofewa, okhazikika kapena osasefedwa. M'nyengo yozizira, ndi mawonekedwe ozizira, mmera suthira.

Kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, mchira umakhala ndi umuna, monga tanena kale, sabata lililonse ndi feteleza wa maluwa.

Myrtle ali ndi nthawi yopumula. Kutengera ndi malo omwe ali mchipindacho, myrtle amapuma kuyambira 3 (pazenera lakumpoto) mpaka 1.5 (kumwera) miyezi.

Myrtle imalekerera kumeta, ndipo imatha kupatsidwanso mawonekedwe odabwitsa kwambiri. Njira zingapo za kapangidwe kazomera zimaperekedwa: "Ngati mchisu (izi ndi zomwe zimatchedwa kuti mchira ku Russia zimangokhala zokha) ndiye mbewuyo imatenga mawonekedwe a piramidi. Ngati mungayang'anire kuwombera kwapamwamba, ndiye kuti chitsamba, ngati mutadula mbali zam'mbali, ndiye kuti Nthaka imakhala ngati mtengo wovekedwa ndi nthambi. ” Komabe, wolemba sawalangiza kuti akhale wofunitsitsa kudulira mbali zakudulira, makamaka mu mbewu zazing'ono, popeza tsinde la mchisu mulibe mphamvu zokwanira. Komanso, munthu sayenera kutsina achinyamata mphukira pafupipafupi - izi zimachepetsa kukula kwa maluwa. Chifukwa chake, posamalira myrtle, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi liti - nthambi zofunikira kwambiri kapena zitsamba zokongola zokhala ndi korona wotayirira.

Zomera zing'onozing'ono zimabzulidwa chaka chilichonse kumapeto kwa chaka, popanda kukumba pansi pamtengo, m'tsogolo, kupatsidwa zimachitika ngati kuli kofunikira pambuyo pa zaka 2-3. Zosakaniza zotsatirazi zimalimbikitsidwa ngati gawo lapansi: 1) dziko la turf-humus-peat ndi mchenga molingana; 2) nthaka yobiriwira wamba; 3) nthaka ndi dongo-sod-peat-humus nthaka ndi mchenga (1: 1: 1: 0.5). The pH ya gawo lapansi liyenera kukhala m'dera la 5-6. Pansi pamphika pamakhala chida chabwino.

Myrtle

Kuswana

Myrtle imafalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi kudula.

Kufalitsa kwa mchira ndi mbewu

Pofesa, timapanga chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga m'chiyerekezo cha 1: 1 (mutha kusakaniza peat ndi vermiculite (1: 1). Sungani gawo lapansi (mutha kuthira gawo lapansi ndi fungicide).

Mbewu zimagawidwa pamtunda wa gawo lapansi, ndikuwazidwa pamwamba ndi gawo loonda. Chidebe chokhala ndi njere chimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena chikwama chowonekera (chimatha kukhala kanema). Matenthedwe amasungidwa osatsika kuposa + 18-20 ° C. Nthawi ndi nthawi amathandizira, kuchotsa pogona. Gawo laling'ono liyenera kukhala lonyowa; yesani kuti lisamenye kapena kufota.

Mbande nthawi zambiri zimamera pakatha masiku 7-14. Mbewuzo zikamera masamba awiri enieni, amazikhira m'miphika yayikulu. Gawo laling'ono limapangidwa ndi dziko la turf - 1 ora, humus - 1 ora, peat - 1 ora ndi mchenga - 1 ora. Pakadutsa, mbande zimatha kuzimiririka kwakanthawi, pakapita nthawi zimayamba kumereranso.

Pakuluka mtengo wapansi, kupatsirana kumachitika ndi mizu. Thandizo linanso limafanana ndi mbewu za akulu.
Myrtle wamkulu kuchokera kumaluwa ambewu mchaka cha 5 cha moyo.

Kufalikira ndi kudula

Myrtle imafalitsidwa kudzera mu Januwale-February komanso m'chilimwe mu Julayi. Zodulidwa zimasankhidwa kuchokera kumunsi komanso pakati pa korona, kukula kwa odulidwa ndi 5-8 cm; kuti muchepetse evap, theka la masamba limadulidwa, ndipo otsala amafupikitsidwa. Ndikofunika kuchitira limodzi ndi zigawo za kukula. N. Tsybula et al. Tsimikizirani kugwiritsa ntchito heteroauxin mu chisakanizo ndi ascorbic acid (0.25% 0). Yokhazikika m'makhola, m'mbale, m'miphika yayitali kwambiri pamtundu wosakanizika ndi mchenga wowuma, kapena sphagnum ndi mchenga m'malo ozizira (16-20 ° C). Zodulidwa zimathiriridwa madzi, kumawaza ndi kuphimba ndi galasi kapena pulasitiki wokutira. Nthawi zina, nthaka imathandizira kuti mpweya usadutse ndi nthaka. Zodula mizu mkati 20-30 masiku. Zodulidwa mizu zobzalidwa mumphika wa 7-centimeter. Gawo laling'ono limapangidwa ndi dziko la turf - 1 ora, humus - 1 ora, peat - 1 ora ndi mchenga - 1 ora. Madzi ochulukirapo. Tsinani mbewu zazing'ono kuti zithandizire maluwa. Pa kukongoletsa mtanda wa nthaka ndi mizu, transshipment imaperekedwa. Chomera kuchokera ku cuttings chimamasula kwa zaka 3-4.

Mitundu

Kwa banja Myrtle (Myrtus)) ndi wa mitundu 16 mpaka 40 ya banja la mchisu. Mitundu ya Myrtle genus ili ponseponse ku North Africa, Western Asia, kuzilumba za Caribbean, ku Florida (USA), ku Azores, ku Europe (dera la Mediterranean).

Mu chikhalidwe, mtundu umodzi umadziwika kwambiri - Myrtle wamba M. communis.

Myrtle wamba (Myrtus communis). Amamera pansi pa mitengo italiitali ya mitengo yazitini ndi mapini komanso m'nkhalango zazitsamba za ku Mediterranean, ku Azores, kumpoto kwa Africa. Mitengo kapena zitsamba zosachepera 3-4 m wamtali; Mphukira ndi nkhope 4, zazing'ono-tsitsi, kozungulira, opanda. Masamba akutsutsana, nthawi zina amatengedwa m'magawo atatu, ovate, lanceolate, 2-4 (mpaka 5) cm kutalika ndi 1-2 cm, owongoka, achikopa, osanjikiza konse, osalala, okongola, osalala. Ngati mungayang'ane tsamba la mchira mu kuwala, ndiye kuti mutha kuwona madontho ang'onoang'ono akudzazidwa ndi mafuta ofunikira, chifukwa chomwe mbewuyo imapanga fungo labwino. Zonunkhira bwino kwambiri ndi maluwa oyera azomera. Zazikulu-zing'ono (mpaka 2 cm mulifupi), zisanu-peteled, zopezeka imodzi nthawi imodzi pamiyendo yayitali. Maamondi ambiri agolide amawapatsa mwayi wapadera.
Mwachilengedwe, myrtle amafika kutalika kwa mamita 3-5. Mu chikhalidwe, mbewuyo ndiyotsika (pafupifupi 60 cm), kawirikawiri imafikira 1 m.

Myrtle wamba ali ndi mitundu yambiri yachikhalidwe, yosiyana masamba ndi kutulutsa.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo

Ngati kulibe kuwala kokwanira, mapesiwo amatulutsidwa, masamba amakhala ang'ono ndi kutembenuka, ngati achulukitsa, amayamba kuzimiririka, kutembenukira chikasu, m'mphepete. M'chipinda chamdima chotentha kwambiri, mbewuyo imataya masamba.

Mtengowo umavutika kwambiri chifukwa chopsinjika kwambiri komanso kusefukira kwa gawo lapansi. Ngati mbewuyo idatsitsa masamba ake chifukwa chodulira kwambiri kapena kuthilira madzi, dulani mphukira mpaka theka ndikupitilira kuthirira (vuto lothirira madzi, kuthirira ndikusamala kwambiri) ndikumapopera. Patatha milungu iwiri, timapepala tating'ono tingaoneke.

Masamba akaikidwa ofunda kwambiri komanso amdima, masamba amatha kugwa. Ngati masamba adayamba kuwuluka mwadzidzidzi mchangu, ndiye kuti vuto lakelo ndi kuthirira kolakwika: mwina sikokwanira kapena kowonjezera. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kumiza chomera chokhazikika m'madzi, ndikuwonjezera wozizira kwambiri. Komabe, nthawi zambiri chomera sichitha kupulumutsidwa.

Tizilombo timayambitsa matenda akale. Kutentha kambiri mu nthawi yozizira kumathandizanso kuti izi zitheke.