Saintpaulia (Uzambara violet)

Mwachilengedwe, mtundu wamtengowu umatha kupezeka pafupi ndi mitsinje, komanso pafupi ndi mitsinje ya Africa. Mu 1892, a Baron Walter von Saint-Paul anazindikira koyamba za maluwawa mkati mwa mapiri a Uzambara ku Tanzania, ndipo atatha kufotokoza bwino za duwa. Zotsatira zake, idalandira dzina la Saintpaulia polemekeza baron ndipo patapita kanthawi, idawonetsedwa pazwonetsero zamaluwa padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo idatha kukopa chidwi cha omwe amalima maluwa.

Kwa zaka zambiri, obereketsa ochokera kumayiko ambiri anali kuchita nawo motero, chifukwa chake, mitundu yayikulu ya senpolia idaswedwa. Uzambar violet sichitha aliyense kukhala wopanda chidwi chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana, komanso nthawi yayitali ya maluwa.

Mwa zina, ndizokwanira kusamalira senpolia, koma nyanjayo imaphuka chaka chonse. Nthawi yomweyo, imatenga malo ochepa kwambiri ndipo pazenera mungathe kuyika mitundu ingapo ya maluwa, ndipo mutatha kuzula zodulidwazo, mutha kukulira mbewu zingapo zomwe zingakhale ndi maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Chisamaliro cha Senpolia kunyumba

Kuwala

Saintpaulia imakonda malo omwe kuwala kumakhala kambiri, koma pomwe dzuwa silimafikira. Mawindo akumadzulo ndi kum'mawa ndi abwino, koma pazenera lakumwera ndibwino kuti lizisunga nthawi yozizira. Ngati nyumbayo ili ndi mazenera akumwera okha, ndiye kuti muyenera kuteteza njerezi kuti zisayake ndi dzuwa. Zikatero, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito tebulo lam'mbali kuti isasungire chomacho pawindo.

Njira yotentha

Chomera chaching'ono chimakula bwino pa kutentha kwa + 23 ° С-25 ° С, ndipo kwa wamkulu chomera ichi chizitha kuchepetsedwa kufika + 20-24 ° С. Chachikulu ndichakuti kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku kuli pafupifupi pamlingo wofanana, ndipo kusiyana kwawo kuli patadutsa pang'ono. Kusintha kwakukulu mu kutentha, komanso kusanja, ndizowopsa kwa senpole.

Chinyezi cha mpweya

Saintpaulia imakonda chinyezi chambiri, komanso imamva bwino mu mpweya wouma. Sichikulimbikitsidwa kuti utsi wa violet ugwire, koma mutenge njira zina zowonjezera chinyezi - ndilolandiridwa.

Kuthirira

Madzi apompo otanthauziridwa ndi oyenera kuthirira, koma mutha kuthirira ndi mvula ndikusungunuka ngati palibe zovuta zachilengedwe. Mulimonsemo, madzi amayenera kuyima. Mukathirira, muyenera kuwongolera kuti chinyontho chisalowe mkati mwa malo ndi masamba. Mwanjira ina, uyenera kuthiriridwa pansi pazu. Ngati nyengo ndiyotentha kunja, ndiye kuti kuthirira kumatha kuchuluka, ngati kukuzizira, ndiye kuthirira kumachepetsedwa. Chizindikiro chabwino kwambiri cha kuthirira kwambiri kungakhale masamba ake. Ngati masamba ndi otambalala komanso amtundu, ndiye kuti kuthilira kumakhalabe pakati pamalire, ndipo ngati masamba adayamba kugwa, ndikuyamba kuchita ulesi, ndiye kuti kuthirira kuyenera kukulira. Dothi likauma, likufa mizu yopyapyala yomwe imamwa chinyontho. Ndikutchingira madzi nthaka, kuvunda kwa mizu ndikotheka. Zimachitika nthawi zambiri ngati nthochi yobzalidwa mumphika wambiri. Kuteteza mbewu ku fungal matenda, kamodzi pamwezi chomera chimathiriridwa ndi yofooka njira ya potaziyamu permanganate.

Dothi la saintpaulia

Ku dothi la ma violets, zofunika zina zimayikidwa, kotero kuti mpweya umatha kupeza mizu ya mavalo.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti ayenera kumasuka, kwinaku akusunga chinyontho bwino. Zomwe amaphatikizira osakaniza ndizophatikizira izi: dothi lamtunda, tsamba humus, mchenga ndi moss-sphagnum. Wofesa aliyense wachidwi amatha kukhala ndi njira yakeyake komanso, yabwino kwambiri.

Mwinanso, mutha kugula osakaniza obzala mu duwa la maluwa ndikuwonjezera perlite, moss-sphagnum kapena gawo lapansi la coconut kwa icho.

Ndikothekanso kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka kuchokera m'nkhalango zachilengedwe, ndikuwonjezera malo ochepa masamba.

Kuyika kwa Saintpaulia

Ichi si chomera chachikulu, chifukwa chake sichimakula m'miphika yayikulu. Kuti vutoli lipitirize kukula bwino, liyenera kuikidwa m'mphika wokulirapo. Ziwawa zimakhalanso ndi mizu yosakhwima, chifukwa chake, ndizovuta kwambiri kuleketsa zakudulira ndikuchotsa dothi lathunthu. Ngati kukula kwa nthochi kumayamba kuchepa, uyenera kuikidwa nthawi yomweyo mumphika wokulirapo. Nthawi yomweyo, chomera chimangosamutsidwira pachidebe china, pambuyo pake kuchuluka kwa dziko lapansi kumaonjezeramo chidebe.

Kuika chomera mwachangu chofunikira pakufunika mizu ngati mizu yake yaola kapena kuti feteleza wa feteleza.

Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti kukula bwino kwambiri kwa senpolia, mulifupi wa mphikawo uyenera kukhala wocheperako katatu kupitirira kutulutsa kwake. Monga lamulo, ma violets amakulira mumiphika wokhala ndi mainchesi 10-13 cm ndi kutalika kwa 10 cm. M'miphika yayitali, nyanjayi imakhala ndi masamba ndi maluwa akulu kwambiri. Miphika yayikulu m'mimba mwake, senpolia singakhale yophuka.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Pambuyo pothira, pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka pambuyo pake amayamba kumeza manyowa akuluakulu. Pazomwezi, feteleza ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazomera zamaluwa, zomwe zitha kugulidwa m'misika yamaluwa. Opaleshoni iyi iyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi, chifukwa violets imatha kuphuka chaka chonse. Okonda ma violets ambiri samawaphatikiza, ndipo miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse amadzisintha kukhala miphika yatsopano, ndi mulingo wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa woyamba (penapake, mwa masentimita 1-2).

Kubwezeretsa mbewu

Pakapita kanthawi, masamba am'munsi amayamba kufa nthawi yomweyo ndipo amataya kukongoletsa kwake, ndipo maluwa ake amakhala osakongola. Pofuna kukonzanso chomera, pamwamba chimadulidwacho, omwe amadula amalandiridwa ndi chophukira cha mizu, kenako chodzalidwa munthaka yatsopano. Duwa lotsalalo limasiyidwa mumphika ndipo patapita kanthawi, mumphika, ma stepons adzaoneka, okonzeka kuzula.

Kufalikira kwa Ziwawa

Chomera chimafalikira munjira zingapo: ndi mizu yodula, masitepe, miyendo. Zodulidwa zimatengedwa masamba, ndikusankha masamba athanzi. Muyenera kutenga mpeni kapena tsamba lakuthwa ndikudula tsamba m'mbali kuti malo ena azikirepo. Kutalika kwa chogwirira kumatha kukhala mkati mwa 3-5cm. Malo odula amawazidwa kaboni woukitsa, ndikuikamo chidebe chamadzi. Madziwo amawiritsa ndikuwuphika izi zisanachitike, ndipo asanakhazikitsa zodulidwazo, piritsi ya activated kaboni imaponyedwa m'madzi. Pakupita pafupifupi sabata limodzi ndi theka, mizu yake imawoneka paphesi.

Pambuyo pake, zodulidwazo zimabzalidwa m'mbale zapulasitiki, momwe mabowo amapangidwira pansi ndipo chithovu chimadzazidwa (kutulutsira madzi). Kwina theka lagalasiyo limadzaza ndi dziko lapansi kapena malo ena ndi mchenga wamba. Zidula zokhala ndi mizu yoyambira zimabzalidwa mozama mainchesi 1.5, kenako nkuphimbidwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki. Mutha kuphimba ndi chidebe chilichonse chowonekera.

Zodulidwa zimabzalidwe m'nthaka nthawi yomweyo osadikirira kuti mizu ipite m'madzi.

Potere, mbewuyo imaphuka pang'ono kenako, kwinakwake, patatha mwezi umodzi, masamba ang'onoang'ono amawonekera. Zomera zazing'ono zitakula, zimasinthidwa kukhala miphika yosiyana. Mitundu ina ya ma violets sangathe kufalitsa masamba odulidwa, popeza sangafanana ndi abale awo. Mwakuti ma violets atatha kufalitsa ndi ofanana, amafalitsidwa ndi ma peduncle. Kuti muchite izi, tengani mapesi olimba kwambiri komanso athanzi kwambiri, aduleni ndikukhazikitsa magalasi, ngati zodulidwa. Pakapita kanthawi, timapepala tating'onoting'ono timawonekera m'mitundu yamasamba ang'onoang'ono. Amathiriridwa kochepa kwambiri kuposa masamba odulidwa.

Mitundu ina ya Saintpaulia imakhala ndi ana opeza. Kuti chomera chikule bwino komanso chizikhala ndi zokongoletsera, ma stepons amachotsedwa ndipo amazizika chimodzimodzi.

Mitundu ina ya ma violets ilibe ma stepons, koma imatha kupezeka ndikuchotsa kukula. Pakapita kanthawi, mphukira zam'mphepete zimawonekera m'maso amiyamba yomwe ikuphuka. Atafika pamtunda wa pafupifupi masentimita atatu, amawadula ndikubzala munthaka.

Kukula ma violets ndi imodzi mwazochita zokondedwa kwambiri zamaluwa onse achita masewera komanso amayi wamba. Kupadera kwawo kumagona poti amatenga malo ochepa pazenera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mutha kukulira mitundu ingapo ya chomera chodabwitsa ichi nthawi imodzi. Komanso, amakhala odzikuza, ndipo safuna nthawi yayitali kuti anyamuke. Kuphatikiza apo, ndiosavuta kufalitsa ndipo kwenikweni onse okonda zokongola adziwa ukadaulo. Amakondedwa chifukwa amasangalatsa ena pachaka chonse, pomwe mutha kuwona zitsanzo zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu yapadera. Pa pawindo limodzi padzakhala angapo a iwo, ndipo mosakayikira amakongoletsa nyumbayo. Kuphatikiza apo, zimawoneka bwino kwambiri pazophatikizika, limodzi ndi mitundu ina yokongola.

Mitundu ya Saintpaulia yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Mtengo wakuda (Saintpaulia confusa)

Chomera chokhala ndi phesi lowongoka mpaka kutalika kwa 10 cm.Maluwa ndi ofiirira, amtundu wachikasu, omwe amatengedwa m'mabichi anayi.

Saintpaulia violet, kapena Saintpaulia violet (Saintpaulia ionantha)

Mwachilengedwe, chomeracho chimakhala ndi maluwa a mtundu wa violet, koma maonekedwe a mitundu yomwe imakhala yolimba imasiyana kwambiri: yoyera, yapinki, yofiyira, yamtambo, yamtambo. Masamba amakhala obiriwira pamtunda, amtundu wobiriwira pansi.

Saintpaulia magungensis

Chomera chokhala ndi nthambi zopendekera mpaka 15cm ndipo chimalimba ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 6 cm okhala ndi m'mbali mwa wavy. Maluwa ndi ofiirira, osankhidwa awiri kapena anayi.