Manyowa a mahatchi ndi chida chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa kuti chizigwiritsidwa ntchito pazomera maluwa ndi mabedi aminda. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa manyowa amodzi ndi feteleza wina? Funso nthawi zambiri limafunsidwa ndi novice okhala chilimwe. Pali zosiyana, ndipo ndizofunikira. Zinyalala zosasunthika zimakhala ndi zosiyana zingapo. Zomwe zingapezeke mu nkhani ili pansipa.
Chifukwa chiyani manyowa akavalo ndi othandiza ngati feteleza
Zinyalala zobereketsa mahatchi zimakhudza zinthu za nayitrogeni, phosphates, komanso michere monga potaziyamu ndi calcium. Amakhala ndi zamoyo zambiri. Kapangidwe kameneka kamafanana kumatha kuwonjezera nthaka yabwino, ndikuthandizira kukula kwa mbewu.
Nthawi zonse pamakhala malingaliro awiri otsutsana mwanjira iliyonse. Kuchotsa mahatchi ndi chimodzimodzi. Otsutsa amadana ndi kuvala kwapamwamba koteroko kafungo koyipa, kufunikira kwa kubereka ndi kumwa momveka bwino. Komanso, mtundu uwu wa humus sukupezeka kwa aliyense. Ndiosavuta kugula feteleza wamalonda ku malo apafupi ndikuwadyetsa mbewu zomwe mumakonda.
Manyowa akavalo omwe amasakanikirana ndi utuchi amagwira ntchito.
Othandizira manyowa a mahatchi amaganiza kuti ndi chinthu chozizwitsa, chomwe sichidalipo. Mwina izi ndizokokomeza, koma kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali zinyalala zochotsa mahatchi kwawonetsa phindu lawo pa ulimi:
- Manyowa amtunduwu ndi opepuka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amayamba msanga komanso kuwola.
- Kuigwiritsa ntchito kudyetsa mbewu zam'munda ndi zamaluwa kumawonjezera zipatso zake.
- Zomera sizigwirizana ndi zachilengedwe komanso kupewa tizirombo ndi matenda.
- Manyowa amtunduwu satha kutenga kachilombo ka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Chochita chofunikira cha akavalo chimatha kupulumutsa kutentha kwa masabata a 6-8, ozizira pang'onopang'ono.
Kuthira mabedi ndi manyowa kumakulitsa chonde m'nthaka. Palibe feteleza wina amene angayerekezeredwe ndi iwo. Kupatula apo, mahatchi humus amasula dothi, amalemeretsa ndi mpweya wa kaboni. Imakana kukomoka kwa nthaka, imapereka madzi ndi mpweya wabwino, ndipo imapereka zakudya.
Zomwe zimachitika ndi manyowa akavalo
Pali mitundu ingapo ya manyowa. Onsewa amasiyana pamlingo wakukula (kuwunda), ali ndi mawonekedwe awo ogwiritsira ntchito, amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Osakhwima
Mtundu wa zinyalala zobereketsa mahatchi amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wakuda. Imagwa mosavuta. Humus wowola pang'ono ndi wabwino kudyetsa maluwa ndi mbewu zam'munda. Kabichi imamukondweretsa, nkhaka ndi zukini amadziwa bwino kuvala koteroko. Nyengo yotsatira, mutatha kukumba ndi nthaka, mutha kulima mbatata pachiwembu, mbewu zina za mizu (beets, kaloti), komanso tomato. Kuyambira mabulosi mbewu - sitiroberi. Manyowa owola pang'ono a akavalo nthawi zambiri amakhala mabedi a maluwa. Imagawidwa mu yunifolomu musanakumba. Njira yachiwiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe osungunuka ngati kavalidwe kapamwamba kamadzimadzi.
Manyowa okwera pamahatchi
Mtunduwu uli ndi mtundu wakuda kwambiri, pafupifupi wakuda. Ndi chinthu chomwe chimapangidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zotulutsira zinyalala mosavuta ndizosavuta monga kutulutsa zatsopano. Manyowa osiyanasiyana amenewa amalemeretsa nthaka pansi pa tomato ndi mitundu ya mbatata zoyambilira. Ikani manyowa owola akavalo pazomera zamaluwa, mitengo ya m'munda.
Nthawi zambiri manyowa owola kuchokera pamahatchi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lapansi polima mbande.
Humus
Imatembenuka gawo lomaliza la ndowe, nayonso yabwino kwambiri. Humus itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwa mbewu zonse m'minda ndi m'minda yogona. Kupezeka kwake mu dothi kumathandizira kuti mbewu zikule, kumawongolera kukoma kwawo. Mwachitsanzo, anyezi ndi masamba obzala pamtunda wophatikizidwa ndi humus kuchokera pamahatchi sichidzakhala chowawa. Amachita bwino monga mulch, kuvala mitengo yazipatso, zipatso.
Manyowa
Mutha kupeza manyowa amadzimadzi amadzimadzi okhaokha khola. Ndi gwero la nayitrogeni. Manyowa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati feteleza wa tomato. Iyenera kubwera pamalowo mbewuzo zikangoyamba kukula. Mwanthawi yake yoyambirira, zinyalala zamadzimadzi sizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, madzi a 5-6 akuyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Pambuyo pokhapokha izi ndizoyenera kuthirira mbewu zamadzulo ngakhale kupopera masamba.
Pellets manyowa
Kutaya koneferm mwanjira yake yachilengedwe si njira yabwino kwambiri yosungirako ndikusungirako m'nyumba yanyengo yachilimwe, makamaka ngati gawo ndilaling'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, njirayi siyabwino kwa okonda mabedi amaluwa azithunzithunzi. Chifukwa chake, manyowa a mahatchi opunthira, omwe amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthira maluwa mkati, amapezeka kwambiri akugulitsa.
Chimodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri ndikuwonetsedwa m'masitolo ndi Horse Orgavit. Mutha kutembenukira ku feteleza wotereyu kuti mukasinthe dimba kapena ndiwo zamasamba, ndioyenera maluwa amkati. Palibe mbewu za udzu mu kompositi, zimafa zikauma. Zakudya zake ndizachilengedwe. Izi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira ma mineral complexes, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zodetsa zoyipa. Ikani "Horse Orgavit" malinga ndi malangizo.
Mendulo yamanyowa watsopano wamavalo
Zinyalala zatsopano ndizofunikira kwambiri. Koma ali ndi phanga limodzi: amatentha kwambiri, chifukwa chomwe amatha kuwononga mbewu. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa atsopano pakavalo, pamene dimba lakumbidwa kale. Kwa miyezi yayitali yozizira, kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa zinthu kudzachitika. Mu nthawi yamasika, mbewu zilandira zonse zomwe ndizofunikira kuti zikule mwanjira yopezeka mosavuta.
Pali njira zingapo zogwiritsira ntchito feteleza kuchokera pamahatchi mchaka:
- M'malo obisalamo ndi masamba obiriwira ngati mabulosi: kutentha kutentha mabedi ndi nkhaka zoyambirira ndi zukini.
- Sakanizani manyowa a mahatchi ndi zinyalala zina zachilengedwe. Njira yabwino ndiyo kapangidwe kake ndi peat. Njira ina yomwe ikupezeka ndikusakaniza ndi udzu wosankhidwa. Zowonjezera pamanyowa zimatha kukhala udzu, utuchi, masamba okugwa.
- Kubzala manyowa atsopano ndi madzi ndikupeza feteleza wa madzi.
Momwe mungagwiritsire manyowa
Humus ochokera kumafamu a mahatchi amadziwika bwino ndi zikhalidwe zambiri monga chakudya; umalemeretsa dothi lililonse. Nawa malingaliro ena a momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito molondola mukanyumba kotentha.
Kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa pamahatchi kwa mbatata
Chikhalidwe ichi chimakonda bwino mtundu wamtunduwu wavalidwe. Wopopera feteleza amagawidwa m'mabedi momwe amakonzera mbewu mbatata pakugwa. Njira ina yabwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa pang'ono. Kuphatikiza kofananako komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kungagwiritsidwe ntchito masika pamlingo wa 5 kg pa mita imodzi. Kuti mupeze ma tubers akulu akulu, manyowa owola pang'ono amayenera kuthiridwa mwachindunji m'maenje a mbatata atabzala, kuwasakaniza ndi dothi.
Feteleza wa maluwa
Zitsamba za maluwa okongola amenewa ndizabwino kudyetsa manyowa kavalo. Koyamba kugwa, mbewu zikagwidwa nthawi yachisanu. Izi zikuthandizira tchire nthawi yachisanu. M'nyengo yozizira, manyowa amasintha kukhala humus, maluwa okha ndi omwe amafunika kuyamwa zinthu zonse zofunikira. Kachiwiri, maluwa amaphatikiza ndi manyowa a kavalo panthawi yotsegula masamba.
Musanagwiritse ntchito manyowa a mahatchi kuti muchiritse maluwa, muyenera kukumbukira kuti ndi zosakaniza zatsopano zokha zofunika.
Feteleza wa zipatso
Njira zokhala mahatchi ndi njira yabwino yopangira feteleza pa mbewu zonse za mabulosi. Strawberry ndi msuwani wake, sitiroberi, ndimamukonda kwambiri kuposa ena. Pa mbewu zonse ziwiri za mabulosi, madzi omwe amapezeka posakaniza 1 kuchuluka kwa zinyalala za mahatchi ndi mavoliyumu 10 amadzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusakaniza koteroko kuyenera kusungidwa kwa tsiku limodzi, kenako ndikuthirira mabedi.
Njira ina yophunzitsira nthaka ndikugwiritsa ntchito manyowa owuma mwachindunji mabedi musanabzalidwe. Zinyalala zouma zimaphatikizidwa ndi udzu wabwino kapena masamba agwa, kusakaniza monga mulch kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, kudzaza ndima pakati pa raspberries, mabulosi akuda, sitiroberi, ndi sitiroberi. Zosanjazo zizikhala pakati pa 5 ndi 10 cm.
Momwe mungafundire "zofunda" zamakaka
Kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa a mahatchi pamatchuke pamalo obiriwira ndi mwayi wopeza mbewu zochuluka komanso zapamwamba. Kupanga kama wofunda mu wowonjezera kutentha muyenera:
- Pangani ngalande, kuya kwake kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi theka la mita.
- Dzazani hafu yakuzama ndi manyowa a mahatchi, dzazani enawo ndi nthaka.
- Bedi limatetezedwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Iyenera kukhala yapinki, yophika m'madzi ofunda.
- Kuphatikiza apo, onjezerani feteleza wosakanizira pa mita imodzi ya masikweya: phula 1 chikho ndi nitrofoska supuni ziwiri.
Bedi lotere limapanga malo abwino otentha kumtunda kwa chomera chifukwa cha filimuyo, ndipo manyowa amapereka chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso kutentha kuyambira pansipa. Nkhaka zimapanga msanga ndi zokolola zambiri.
Manyowa a mahatchi chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake komanso katundu amatha kupereka zokolola zambiri m'mundamo ndi maluwa otumphukira m'mundawo. Amakondedwa osati ndi mbatata zokha, komanso sipinachi, udzu winawake. Mphesa zimamera mwachangu ndi fetelezayu.
