Zoposa mitundu makumi awiri a zitsamba zamadzi zotchedwa herbaceous pachaka zimakhala ndi ufulu wotchedwa maungu, kupanga tchire lamphamvu kapena zopweteka komanso kupereka zipatso zazikulu, zolimba kumaso ndi nthangala zoyambira.
Chipatso cha mbewu yeniyeniyo chimatchedwa dzungu, ndipo mawonekedwe, kukula kwake, mtundu wake ndi mawonekedwe ake zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana mitundu ndi mitundu. Mitundu yambiri ya dzungu yomwe iliko m'chilengedwe inachokera ku maiko aku America, ena mwa omwe akupezekabe pano.
Koma si mitundu yambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pachakudya padziko lonse lapansi. Pakati pawo, makungwa olimba kapena wamba ali otchuka kwambiri ku Europe, Asia ndi Russia. Anthu aku America ndiwonyadira chifukwa cha zipatso za dzungu lalikulu kufika pa ma kilogalamu mazana angapo, komanso amasangalala kugwiritsa ntchito dzungu lamatenda olemera kwambiri la nati. Mtunduwu m'maiko ambiri umayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha zopatsa thanzi komanso zakudya, koma umafunikira kwambiri pamoto.
Kuphatikiza pa tebulo mitundu ya maungu, kusangalatsa wamaluwa ndi mazana ambiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana yakucha, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake, anthu amakula zakudya zabwino komanso zokongoletsera za banja la dzungu.
Kuti muthe kukolola bwino pamabedi anu komanso nthawi zonse, ngakhale nthawi yozizira, muphatikize zamkati muzakudya, ndikofunikira kuti muphunzire mitundu ya maungu, mafotokozedwe awo ndi zithunzi, ndikusankha malo oti mubzale poganizira kasinthasintha ka mbeu posachedwa.
Maungu wamba owiritsa owiritsa amakhala oyambilira, osadzikuza komanso wololera kwambiri. Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yobzalidwa ndi mitundu ya maungu yomwe imabala zipatso zazing'ono, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi mwachangu komanso popanda kugwiritsa ntchito dzungu. Popeza dzungu limalimidwa chifukwa cha zamkati wokoma wandiweyani, makulidwe amtunduwu, komanso zomwe zili zofunikira mkati mwake, ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Pumpkin ya Adagio
Dzungu la mitundu iyi, kucha kwa masiku 100-110 kuchokera pakuwonekera kwa masamba, ndi nyengo yapakatikati. Zipatso zingapo zosanja zomwe zimalemera kuchokera ku 2 mpaka 3 makilogalamu zimakhala ndi khungwa lowala lalanje ndi zamkati zomwezo zomwe zimakhala ndi carotene yambiri. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zosazizira, zosasamala ndipo nthawi zonse zimapatsa wosamalira mundawo zipatso zamagulu abwino kwambiri.
Dzungu Gribovsky Bush 189
Mitundu iyi ndi ya ku Russia kwa akale kwambiri komanso odziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Zipatso za dzungu la chitsamba cha Gribovskaya zimamera mpaka 2.2-5 kg, zimakhala ndi obovate, mawonekedwe osachedwa. Khungwa la maungu limakhala losalala kapena loumbika pang'ono, mtundu wake umasintha kukhala wobiriwira mpaka kuwala lalanje pomwe limacha, koma pamitengo yokhwima, mizere yobiriwira yakuda nthawi zina imatsala. Malinga ndi chithunzichi ndi mafotokozedwe ake, mitundu yoyambirira yakucha ya maungu imakhala ndi mnofu wowonda wa lalanje wabwino.
Dzungu Melon F1
Ku West, komwe maungu amalemekezedwa kwambiri, ndipo wamaluwa ali ndi mitundu yoposa khumi ndi iwiri ya mawonekedwe abwino ndi kukula, dzungu lotere limatchedwa lokoma. Inde, woyamba-dzungu wosakanizidwa kucha mu masiku 95-105 ndi wandiweyani, ndi shuga wambiri komanso wabwino kwambiri.
Zipatso za maunguzi zimakhala ndi maonekedwe opindika nthambo, zoyera ndi mikwingwirima yowala komanso lalanje. Chifukwa cha maonekedwe okongola maungu, wolemera makilogalamu 1-1,5, mbewuyo imatha kukhala ngati dzungu lokongoletsa, ndipo, monga chithunzichi, imabweretsa zipatso zomwe ndizothandiza pakudya ndi pakudya kwa ana.
Kuchokera pachomera chimodzi cholimba, mutha kuthira maungu 12 makungu, omwe amasungidwa nthawi yayitali osataya katundu wawo. Zipatso zimadyedwa pambuyo pophika ndi mawonekedwe.
Dzungu Losiyanasiyana
Dzungu ili ndi imvi, lomwe limakutidwa ndi mauna akuda kwambiri ndi mnofu wokoma wa lalanje, silinatchulidwe kalikonse. Mu zipatso za maungu osiyanasiyana omwe awonetsedwa m'chithunzichi, malingana ndi kufotokozera, pali mavitamini E ambiri, B1 ndi B2, carotene, shuga. Takonzeka kukolola m'masiku 95-110 pambuyo poti mphukira ziziwoneka, dzungu siliwopa kutentha kwa chisanu, limasungidwa bwino nthawi yozizira ndipo limatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la mbale zophikira komanso palokha mwa mawonekedwe ake osaphika.
Chipatsocho chimazunguliridwa kapena kusengedwa, pansi chimagawika padera, yosalala. Pofika nthawi yosonkhanitsa, dzungu limapeza kulemera kuchokera pa 3 mpaka 5 kg, pomwe pachitsamba chimodzi amapeza zipatso 15 mpaka 15 kg.
Dzungu Sweetie
Zing'onozing'ono, zolemera mpaka 2,5 makilogalamu, zipatso za maungu, monga chithunzichi, ndizokongoletsa, chifukwa zimakhala ndi mtundu wowala ndipo zidutswa zingapo zimacha pamasamba nthawi imodzi. Peel yamitundu yosiyanasiyana iyi ndi yofiirira, yokhala ndi mikwingwirima yobiriwira komanso mawanga.
Zamkati ndi wandiweyani, crunchy, wokhala ndi 8% shuga, zambiri ascorbic acid ndi carotene. Mitundu ya tebulo imakhala ndi kukhwima kwapakati. Zipatso zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pokonzekera mbale, zakudya zosiyanasiyana zophikira ndi timadziti, timadya zatsopano, ndipo dzungu limaphwa bwino.
Dzungu la Spaghetti
Imodzi mwa mitundu yakale kwambiri yazungu, monga pachithunzichi ndi kufotokozera, kale m'masiku 65-80 amapanga zipatso zosalaza ndi makungwa osalala amtundu wachikasu kapena wowala kirimu. Kulemera kwa maungu sikupitirira 1-1.2 kg, yomwe ndiyothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso.
"Kukopa" kwakukulu kwa mitundu ndi mawonekedwe achilendo a zamkaka wonunkhira wokhala ndi ulusi wotchulidwa. Fayilo imachulukanso panthawi ya kutentha, kaya kuphika kapena kuphika. Zotsatira zake, mawonekedwe ataliitali a spaghetti. Maungu a mitundu iyi ndi osazindikira, osazizira komanso olekerera nthawi yowuma. Ngakhale zomwe shuga wazipatsozo zimakhala zochepa, zamkati zimakhala ndi carotene yambiri, yofunikira pakudya chamagulu.
Dzungu Bush Orange
Mtundu wamtunduwu wobala zipatso, wobala mbewu kale m'masiku 95-105 komanso woyenera kusungidwa yozizira, amadziwika kwambiri kwa olima minda mdziko lonse. Pumpkin Orange Shrub wopangidwa ndi obereketsa aku Kuban ndi ogwira ntchito ku All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Production adatchedwa Vavilova. Pa tchire yaying'ono, zipatso kapena zowonda pang'ono zomwe zimalemera mpaka 5 kg zimapangidwa. Makungu a dzungu ndi owonda, pafupifupi popanda pateni, komanso achikopa pakukhudza. Chikopa chachikasu, chowutsa mudyo cha mitundu iyi ndizoyenera kukonza, kuyanika ndi kukonza mbatata yosenda ndi msuzi.
Dzungu mitundu Russian
Kuti tipeze mbewu m'masiku 85-95, wamaluwa azithandiza maungu aku Russia. Nthawi yomweyo, zipatso zazing'ono, zophatikizika zamtunduwu, zimalemera kuchokera ku 1.5 mpaka 5 kg, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi machitidwe apamwamba kwambiri azakudya, zimayendetsedwa bwino ndikusungidwa.
Nthawi yomweyo, pamakwerero angapo a chomera, kukongoletsa kosalala, monga chithunzichi, kucha maungu ndi makungwa a lalanje osakhazikika ndipo gawo lowala lamkati limatha kucha. Mwa mawonekedwe okhwima, thupi limapangidwa, mafungo, okoma kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa msuzi wobiriwira mkati mwa chipatso pali mbewu zochepa, koma shuga mpaka 4.5% ya misa yonse.
Ngati magalimoto, ngati a Cinderella, sanapangidwe maungu tsopano, ndiye kuti ma pumpkin pa zipatso zazikulu za lalanje samakhalabe nthano, koma ku USA. Apa, maungu akuluakulu akulu-zipatso zokhala ndi ma kilogalamu mazana ambiri ndi otchuka komanso olemekezeka.
Kulemera kwa mbiri yakale yapadziko lonse lero ndiopitilira 820 kg, koma ngati magawo akwanitsa kukulitsa dzungu, ndiye kuti zipatso zomwe zimalemera makilogalamu 50-100, osamalidwa bwino komanso zakudya, zitha kupezeka m'munda uliwonse. Ndi zipatso zazikulu za lalanje ku USA ndi mayiko ena akumadzulo omwe amatchedwa dzungu, ndipo squash amatchedwa dzungu la mawonekedwe ena ndi kukula kwake.
