Irga, kapena sinamoni (Amelanchier) - chitsamba chosakira kapena mtengo wawung'ono, ndi wa banja la Pinki komanso a Yablonev. Mu chilengedwe, pamakhala mitundu yoposa khumi ndi iwiri, ndipo ambiri mwaiwo amapezeka ku North Hemisphere.
Irga imatha kumera pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamiyala - pathanthwe, nkhalango, dambo. Zipatso zake zimakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa komanso kapangidwe kake, ndipo chomeracho chimakongoletsa kwambiri nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Kutentha, chikhalidwechi chimakopa chidwi chake ndi masamba ake osiyanasiyananso amitundu yambiri yotulutsa masamba osangalatsa. Posakhalitsa, kusinthika kwamatsenga kumayamba - chitsamba chidakutidwa ndi inflemose inflorescence kuchokera ku maluwa ambiri onunkhira a pinki ndi oyera oyera. Panthawi yophulika kwa mabulosi, "maapulo" pang'onopang'ono amapsa ndikusewera ndi utoto wa zonona, wa pinki, wofiirira, ndi wamtambo. Kufika kwa kuzizira kwa nthawi yophukira, masamba a mabulosi amayambiranso kusewera ndi mithunzi yamitundu, yowala ndi utoto, lalanje, ofiira ndi utoto.
Kufotokozera kwa mbewu irgi
Irga ndi chomera chokhazikika chomwe chimatha kumera zaka 60-70. Ili ndi zopindulitsa zambiri - zipatso zimacha mwachangu ndipo zimakhala zothandiza komanso mankhwala. Zipatso zimakhala ndi nkhokwe ya zinthu zofunika kupititsa patsogolo thanzi. Mtengo waung'ono suopa chilala ndi chisanu, ndiye msatsi wabwino kwambiri wa uchi pakati pa mbewu zambiri, sufuna zambiri pakuulima ndi kusamalira. Chinthu chokhacho chomwe wamaluwa amawona ngati chithunzi chosavomerezeka cha siren ndi mizu yambiri, yomwe imakula msanga komanso yambiri.
Mitundu yotchuka ndi kufunidwa kwambiri yamaluwa yamtundu wa irgi - Olkholistnaya, Lamarck, Ordinary, Kolosistaya, Canada.
Kubzala Irgi poyera
Kubzala
Mbande za Irgi zingabzalidwe kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira kapena yophukira, koma alimi odziwa ntchito zamalonda amalimbikitsa kuti njirayi ichitike munyengo yakugwa.
Malowa akuyenera kukhala otseguka, komanso kuwala kambiri ndi dzuwa. Pokhala ndi magetsi osakwanira, chikhalidwecho chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu osati zipatso zochulukirapo, koma pofufuza gwero lowala, mphukira zimayamba kutambasuka. Ndikofunikanso kuti madzi apansi pansi asakhale pafupi ndi dziko lapansi. "Kuyandikana" koteroko kumavulaza mizu ya irgi.
Nthaka yomwe idasankhidwa ikhoza kukhala ya acidity iliyonse, ndipo loamy chonde kapena mchenga ndizoyenera kuphatikizika. Mukamadyetsa bwino dothi m'mundamo, chichepera chimakhala kuphukira kwa mizu ndikuchulukitsa zipatso zambiri.
Kukonzekera kwa tsamba
Ntchito yokonzekera imalimbikitsidwa kuyamba m'miyezi yophukira. Choyamba muyenera kuyeretsa bwino dothi kuchokera kumera ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a mbewu, kenako kukumba pafupifupi masentimita 10-15. Atatsala pang'ono kubzala, feteleza wokhala ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous ayenera kuwonjezedwa kunthaka. Pa mita lalikulu lililonse, pafupifupi 40 g ya feteleza adzafunika.
Kusankha mbande
Mukamasankha mbande, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti mbeu zazing'ono zokha zokhala ndi chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri ndizoyenera kubzala.
Momwe mungabzalire
Choyamba muyenera kukonzekera dzenje. Kuzama kwake ndi m'lifupi mwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 60. Dothi (mbali zitatu) kuchokera mdzenje limasakanizika ndi kompositi yozungulira komanso mchenga wamtsinje (gawo limodzi lirilonse). Pansi pa dzenje, osakaniza ndi phosphate (400 g), potaziyamu (150 g) ndi humus (zidebe zazikulu za 1-2) amathira, osakaniza bwino, kenako dothi lokonzedwalo limatsanulidwa kuchokera m dzenje ndikugudubuza ndipo mmera umayikidwa. Muzu wa mtengowo utayikidwa ndikufalikira pamtunda, mutha kudzaza dzenje lonse ndi dothi. Popeza nthaka itakulungidwa pang'ono, ndikofunikira kuti khosi la mizu likhalabe pamtunda, silikulimbikitsidwa kuti lizike kwambiri.
Kutsirira koyamba kumachitika mutabzala. Chomera chilichonse chimafunikira madzi okwanira malita 10. Muyenera kudikirira mpaka madzi onse atamwe, nthaka ikhazikike pang'ono, kenako onjezerani dothi losakanizirana pang'ono. Chozungulira chimakutidwa ndi mulch kuchokera ku humus kapena peat, pambuyo pake kudulira kumachitika. Kutalika kwa mphukira iliyonse pambuyo pa "kumeta" sikuyenera kupitirira 15 cm.
Chisamaliro cha Irga
Kusamalidwa pang'ono kwa irga ndi mwayi wina wabwinowo pa mbewu zina zam'munda. Amatha kuchita bwino yekha, koma ndi chisamaliro chilichonse amamuyamika chifukwa cha kukongola kwake ndikukututa zipatso zapamwamba komanso zambiri.
Kuthirira
Muzu wa irgi umalowa kwambiri pansi mpaka pakuya mamita atatu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chitsamba chizitha kudzipezera chinyezi chokwanira. Kuphatikiza apo, chikhalidwechi chimakhala chogwirizana ndi nyengo youma. Kuthirira mabulosi m'minda kumangolimbikitsidwa makamaka masiku otentha a chilimwe. Ndondomeko umachitika bwino kugwiritsa ntchito yapadera yosokoneza kuthirira pa payipi. Nthawi yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito madzi ndi theka lachiwiri la tsiku (pambuyo pa maola 16 mpaka 17). Kutsirira kumachitika osati kokha mozungulira-tsinde bwalo, komanso pa korona kuti uchotse fumbi ku tsamba lambiri.
Dothi
Ndikwabwino kusamalira nthaka itapukutidwa. Namsongole aliyense amayenera kuchotsedwa poyambirira, ndipo dothi lozungulira chitsamba limamasulidwa nthawi zonse.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Feteleza owonjezera amafunikira mbewu pakatha zaka 3-4 zokha mutabzala. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza amadzimadzi mu nthawi ya chirimwe ndi chilimwe monga kulowetsedwa kwa zitosi za mbalame. Tchire lililonse limafunikira feteleza pafupifupi malita asanu, omwe amafunika kuthira dothi lonyowa dzuwa litalowa. Kovala pamwamba pamwamba kumathiridwa pamtengo wozungulira ndikuthira ndi madzi.
Thirani
Irga ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi zakubadwa samakhudzana ndi kupatsirana. Chifukwa cha mizu yakuya pansi, njirayi imawonedwa ngati yolira ndipo imangogwiritsidwa ntchito pangozi. Chomera chimayenera kuchotsedwa pansi ndikuchotsa dothi lotalika pafupifupi 1,2 m ndikuya kuya pafupifupi masentimita 70. Mutabzala m'malo atsopano, mtengowo umathiriridwa ndikuwumbidwa.
Kudulira
Kudulira mitengo kwa ukhondo kapena kuwonda kuyenera kuchitika pokhapokha ngati pakufunikira izi. Mwachitsanzo, sizikupanga nzeru kudula mphukira za mitundu yayikulu, chifukwa izi zitha kuchitidwa pang'onopang'ono pa irgi. Muzaka zotsatirazi, zimakhala zovuta kuthana ndi kutalika ngakhale kuyimirira masitepe. "Kumeta" koyamba kumatha kuyamba ndi chaka chachiwiri cha moyo wa mmera. Nthawi yoyenera izi ndi chiyambi cha Marichi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa mphukira mizu pafupipafupi.
Malo omwe mabala akuwombera akulu ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi utoto wozikidwa pa kuyanika mafuta.
Kukonzekera yozizira
Kumapeto kwa nyengo yokulira mutakolola, muyenera kuchotsa mphukira zonse zowonongeka, zowuma ndi zakuda, kukumba chiwembu cha mundawo ndikuthira feteleza m'nthaka. Chitsamba sichifunikira pogona ponsepo m'miyezi yozizira, chifukwa chimva bwino ngakhale ndi chisanu kwambiri.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Matenda a anamwali amatha kuwola imvi, kuyanika kunja kwa nthambi ndi maonekedwe a phylostictic. Njira zopulumutsira - kudulira mwachangu komanso kuchotsa matendawa m'zomera, chithandizo ndi madzi a Bordeaux, sulphate wamkuwa ndi kuphatikiza matendawa.
Kusindikizidwa kwa Irgi
Kufalitsa mbewu
Mbewu zosankhidwa kumene kuchokera ku zipatso zakupsa zimabisidwa mu 1.5-2 masentimita, ndikuthiriridwa mokwanira, ndikuphimbidwa ndi masamba owuma kapena udzu wouma ndikusiya mpaka masika. Mu kasupe, mbande zimacheperachepera ndikupanga malo abwino okukula ndikukula kwathunthu. Kusamalira mmera kumakhala kuthirira, kuphatikiza ndi nayitrogeni, kumasula dothi ndikuchotsa namsongole.
Kufalitsa ndikalumikiza maudzu
Zidutswa za irgi kumezanitsidwa phulusa la mapiri azaka ziwiri mchaka. Kapangidwe ka (3 cm kuya) kamapangidwa motalikirana pafupifupi 15 cm pamwamba pa khosi pamizu. Kuphatikizana kwa scion ndi stock kumakutidwa ndi tepi yomatira, ndipo scion kudula imayengedwa ndi var var ya m'munda. Mutabzala katunduyo m'bokosi lokhala ndi mchenga wa peat substrate, chidebe chimasungidwa m'malo obiriwira mpaka zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.
Kufalikira kwa masamba obiriwira
Panjira yofalitsayi, kudula apical kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamapeto amadula pafupifupi masentimita khumi ndi asanu kutalika, kusiya masamba 2-4, kuyikiridwa mu chotengera ndi chowonjezera mphamvu kwa maola 10-12, kenako ndikatsukidwa ndikubzala pa ngodya ya madigiri 45 mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena kutentha. Pamafunika humidization kuchokera ku atomizer yabwino, mpweya wabwino komanso kutentha kosalekeza pafupifupi 25 digiri Celsius. Gawo limapangidwa pambuyo pa masabata atatu. Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa pamalo okhawo pokhapokha nyengo yotsatira yagwa.
Kufalitsa pang'onopang'ono
Zigawo zimakumba m'masiku otentha komanso kotentha koyambirira, mutatha kukumba ndi kuphatikiza dothi pansi pa chomera chachikulu. Mphukira wapansi umakhazikitsidwa mu poyambira pansi pa chitsamba, kutsina pamwamba, kuthirira. Mizu imadzayamba kuchitika mvula isanagwe, koma mutha kuyika zigawo kumalo osakhalako.
Kubalana mwa kugawa chitsamba
Wosunthidwa kumayambiriro kwa nthaka kuthengo, chitsamba chimachotsedwa kaye ndikuwombera kosafunikira ndikuwonongeka, kenako ndikugawika magawo angapo pamodzi ndi rhizome. Delenki nthawi yomweyo anabzala m'mayenje okonzeka.
