Mtengo wa nthambi, womwe umatchedwanso asclepias (Asclepias) ndi mtundu wabanja la Kutrovy, umaimiridwa ndi zitsamba, zitsamba ndi zipatso zobiriwira. Mitundu imalumikiza mitundu yoposa 200 yomwe imapezeka mwachilengedwe ku America. Mwa mitundu ya mitundu yonseyi pali mitundu yabwino komanso yobiriwira, zina mwa izo ndizotchuka kwambiri pakati pa alimi omwe amabzala ngati zokongoletsera. Dzinalo Lachilatini la chomera ichi cha Aesculapius (Asclepius) lidaperekedwa ku mtunduwu chifukwa choti zina mwazinthuzo zimakhala ndi machiritso. Bernardino de Sahagun ku Mexico, yemwe anali katswiri wazilankhulo, wofufuzira, mmishonale, komanso wolemba mbiri yakale, analemba m'buku lake The General History of the Affairs of New Spain, umboni wochokera kwa a Aztec kuti mafutawa adagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pochiza zotupa chifukwa cha kufafaniza mafupa. Chomera ichi chidawonekera ku dera la Europe kokha m'zaka za zana la 18, chidakula ngati chikhalidwe chaukadaulo, ndipo chidayamba kutchuka: ulusi wa mphukira zake udagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira zoseweretsa zofewa ndi mipando, komanso zingwe. Pambuyo pake idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zosiyanasiyana zopulumutsa moyo, komanso filimu. Mpira utayamba kupangika, malaya odula adayimitsidwa kukula pamakampani ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito monga maliseche anasiya, komabe, lero amalimidwa m'minda yamaluwa.
Zolemba pokongoletsa
Kutalika kwa mgwirizano kumatha kufika mpaka masentimita 100. Chingwe cholimba chopingasa chimakula kwambiri mpaka mmbali. Pa mphukira wakuda kapena wowongoka (kapena osasinthika nthawi zambiri) amakhala ndi ma masamba akuluakulu, omwe mawonekedwe ake amatha kukhala obota, ovoid kapena elliptical. Maluwa ofiira ofiira kapena otuwa amatengedwa m'miyeso yooneka ngati ma ambulera. Zophuka m'chilimwe kapena yophukira. Tchire zowonongeka zipsa zipatso momwe zimakhwimira mbewu zambiri zam'madzi, chifukwa cha iwo mbewu yotereyi imatchedwa kuti yokhayo. Fluff iyi ku America imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza mapilo. Pakati pakatikati ndi zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yolimba, mbewu sizikhala ndi nthawi yakucha. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yofunda komanso nyengo yotentha, amatha kukhwima ndipo amatha kutha pansi, kudzipatsa kudzilimbitsa.
Oimira onse amtunduwu ali ndi madzi owopsa owopsa. Ngati chikafika pakhungu, chimayambitsa redness ndi mkwiyo, makamaka mchikakamizo cha dzuwa. Madzi oterewa mu mankhwala wowerengeka amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa njerewere. Chikhalidwe ichi ndi chomera cha uchi, chimakopa njuchi ndi agulugufe kumunda, makamaka gulugufe wa zinziri ngati agulugufe amfumu.
Tambalala ya chovala cholowa pansi
Nthawi yobzala
Chapakati pake, mbande zimamera kudzera mbande, komanso m'njira yopanda mbewu. Mbewu zachikhalidwe ichi zimagwira ntchito kwa zaka zitatu, koma zilibe nthawi yakucha chaka chilichonse, pokhapokha chilimwe chikatentha kwambiri. Koma mbewu nthawi zonse zitha kugulidwa ku malo ogulitsa ena.
Kufesa mbewu za mbande kumachitika m'masiku omaliza a Marichi kapena oyamba - mu Epulo. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito mabokosi okhala ndi mabowo otayira, ayenera kudzazidwa ndi dothi lodzaza. Mbewu zimayikidwa mu gawo lapansi ndi 1-1,5 cm, ndiye zimathiridwa ndi siponji. Zotengera ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu, kenako zimatsukidwa m'malo otentha. Mbewu zimayendetsedwa tsiku lililonse, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mawonekedwe ophatikizika kumalo okhala amachotsedwa. Kutsirira kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito sprayer 1 nthawi ziwiri kapena masiku atatu. Mphukira yaubwenzi imayenera kuwonekera pambuyo pa masabata 1.5-2, pambuyo pake amasamutsidwa kumalo ozizira (osapitirira 18 degrees). Potsalira pachochotsa chitsacho chimachotsedwa mbewuzo zikakula. Nthawi zambiri mbande zimamera bwino kwambiri ndipo sizimayambitsa zovuta za wolima dimba.
Mbewu zokhwima zimachitika m'mene zimayamba kupanga awiriawiri enieni a masamba. Pakusankha, makapu amodzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito momwe amathira madzi, pomwe makulidwe ayenera kukhala 20-30 mm. Ndipo amadzazidwa ndi dothi lomweli lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pofesa mbewu. Zomera zoulutsidwa masiku awiri oyamba ziyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa. Mbewu zikamera bwino, muyenera kuzitsina.
Musanabzike chovalacho, chikhala cholimba kwa masiku 15. Mbande zimabzalidwa m'masiku oyambilira a June, kutsatira ndondomeko ya 50x50 cm.Mabasi obzala nyemba amaphuka nthawi yoyamba kwa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi.
Kufesa mbewu zitha kuchitika mwachindunji panthaka. Amachita izi kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, chivundikiro cha chisanu chikatha. Malowa akuyenera kukhala otentha ndi nthaka yolimidwa. Kuposa zonse, zinziri zimamera pang'onopang'ono michere ya michere.
Malamulo akumalo
Choyamba muyenera kukumba dothi lakuya kwa fosholo, ndipo muyenera kusankha mizu yonse ya udzu womera. Kenako pamwamba pa chiwembucho chimang'ambidwa ndipo m'miyala mumapangidwa. Mbewu zimayikidwa m'nthaka ndi 30 mm, kenako mizere imatsekedwa, ndipo mbewu zonse zimathiridwa madzi. Ngati njere zofesedwa panthaka youma, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba mbewu ndi filimu, chifukwa cha izi, mbande zimawonekera mwachangu.
Mitundu ina ya mbewu yotere imafuna zoletsa, zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa nthawi yobzala, chifukwa mphukira zazing'ono zimatha kumera pafupifupi 100 cm kuchokera ku chitsamba cha kholo. Pofuna kuteteza maluwa amphamvu ngati duwa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malire kapena kubzala zitsamba zopangidwa pansi, zomwe zili ndi mabowo otulutsira madziwo. Ngati ndibwino kusamalira thonje, ndiye m'malo omwewo limatha kulima pafupifupi zaka 15.
Kusamalira mkwati m'munda
Ndiosavuta kukula mkwatibwi m'munda mwanu. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuthira madziwo mwadongosolo, udzu, kudyetsa, kumasula dothi, kupanga mapangidwe ndi kusimbitsanso chitsamba, ndipo ngati pangafunike, gwiritsani ntchito mbewu ku tizilombo kapena matenda oyipa. Kuti tchire limere nthawi yayitali, ndikofunikira kudula panthawi yomwe inflorescence yomwe yayamba kuzimiririka. Ndipo zikaphuka, muyenera kudula maluwa onse, pokhapokha ngati simukutula mbewuzo.
Momwe mungamwere
Nthawi yoyamba mutabzala mbande kapena kufesa mbewu, malowo ayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri mokwanira. Tchire lamphamvu limakhala ndi mizu yolimba komanso nthambi zake zomwe zimatha kuchotsa dothi chinyezi pachokha, koma ndi chilala chomwe chimatenga nthawi yayitali chimafunikirabe kuthirira, zimachita izi madzulo. Ndikofunika kuthirira mafuta ndi madzi amvula. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito madzi ampopi pothirira, ndiye kuti iyenera kuyima bwino ndi kutentha padzuwa.
Feteleza
Nthawi zambiri kudyetsa izi sikulimbikitsidwa. Ngati dothi silili bwino, ndiye kuti mu April, urea, potaziyamu sodium, komanso kompositi kapena manyowa owola ayenera kuwonjezedwamo. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika nthawi yomweyo mphukira yoyamba ikawonekera. Ndipo mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zomerazi kudyetsa zinziri, zomwe zimayambitsa dothi lapansi maluwa asanayambe, ndipo kutha kwake, Nitrofoska idayambitsidwa. Mukakulitsa maluwa oterewa m'nthaka yachonde, sikofunikira kuti mudyetse.
Thirani
Popanda kumuika, maselo azikhala malo amodzi kwa zaka zoposa 10. Ngati mbewuyo ikusintha, ndiye kuti ndiyenera kuchita izi mu kasupe ndikugawa tchire kapena kuchokera pakati mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yachilimwe. Woyerayo amasamutsa chimangacho mwangwiro. Kukonzekera malo oti mubzale kuyenera kuchitika pasadakhale, ndipo musanachotse chitsamba m'nthaka kuyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri, monga nthaka ikanayenera kukhalabe pamizu. Kugulitsa kumachitika, komanso kufikitsa koyambirira kwa quill (onani pamwambapa).
Kuswana
Chomera chimatha kufalitsidwa ndikugawa rhizome. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchite izi pozula tchire mchaka kapena maluwa atatha. Chimbalicho chimagawika mbali, pomwe chidutswa chilichonse chimayenera kukhala ndi chidutswa cha impso ndi impso, kenako zibzalidwe m'maenje omwe amayenera kuchitika pasadakhale. Delenki m'malo atsopano imazika mizu mosavuta, ndipo maluwa ngati tchire angayambike kale mchaka chachiwiri cha kukula. Anabzala Delenki asanakhale ndi mizu yamphamvu, muyenera kuthira madzi mwadongosolo.
Chomera choterechi chitha kufalitsidwanso ndi kudula. Mphukira zazing'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula zodula, ziyenera kutalika masentimita 15, masamba onse am'munsi azidulidwa, ndipo omwe ali pamwamba amafupikitsidwa ndi gawo la ½. Chotengera chija chimadzaza ndi mchenga wothira, pambuyo pake zodulidwa zimayikidwa mkati mwake ndikudula kotsika. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi chipewa chowonekera kuchokera pamwamba, chomwe chingapangitse malo obiriwira. Kubzala zodula kuyenera kuchitika mwachangu, popeza sikuyenera kutaya madzi amkaka. Monga lamulo, patatha masiku 30, zodulidwa ndizokhazikika.
Pambuyo maluwa
Kukonzekeretsa tchire nthawi yachisanu ndikofunikira pakugwa. Kuti tichite izi, ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi utuchi, wokutidwa ndi masamba, makungwa amtengo wopendekera kapena zida zina zanyumba. Asanayambe kuphimba chovalacho, zitsulo zouma ziyenera kufupikitsidwa mpaka 10 cm kuchokera pansi. Ma tchire odulidwa amathanso kuphimba tchire.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Kiloziyi imalimbana ndi matenda komanso tizilombo toopsa. Nthawi zina, kachilomboka kamagona pamtchire, ndipo kachilombo komwe kamaoneka ngati njenjete. Amadya zipatso zamadzi zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zinziri. Kuti muwafafanize, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la Fufanon, Actellik kapena Rovikurt, pamene mukuyenera kutsatira malangizo omwe ali paphukusi la mankhwalawo. Tchire loyendetsedwa masamba a masamba.
Pakakhala chilala kwanthawi yayitali, nthata za akangaude zimangokhala chithaphwi, ma arachnid amathanso kudya msuzi wa mbewu. Pamtchire, ndizovuta kudziwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, chifukwa tili ndi kukula kocheperako. Koma ndikotheka kumvetsetsa kuti nkhupakupa zotere zimakhazikika pamatimu, ngati ili ndi kansalu kochepa thupi, masamba amayamba kuzimiririka m'makwalala oterowo, ndipo zimayambira zimakhala zopunduka. Kuti muwachotse, mbewu zimayenera kuthiridwa ndi yankho la kukonzekera kwa acaricidal, mwachitsanzo: Actara, Actellika, Fitoverm ndi njira zina zofananira.
Nthawi zina, ubweya umatha kuvutika chifukwa chonyowa kwambiri. Kuti muwonjezere chinyezi nthawi yayitali nthawi yamadzulo, muyenera kuthira tchire ndi madzi ofunda.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya malaya ojambulidwa ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Monga osatha kukhala ndi mitundu itatu ya zinziri, komanso mtundu umodzi wokha.
Chofukizira cha thupi (Asclepias incarnata), kapena chachiwiri chofiyira, kapena chofiyira chofiyira nyama
Malo omwe obadwira osatha ngati amenewa ndi madera a kum'mawa komanso chapakati ku North America. Amakhala ndi masamba okhala ndi masamba, omwe kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 1.2 m. Mapepala otsutsa ali ndi mawonekedwe pang'ono komanso mawonekedwe otambalala kapena otambalala. Maluwa onunkhira ofiira kapena ofiira ngati pinki ndi amodzi mwa ma umbululi amaoneka ngati ma ambulera, mpaka 60 mm kudutsa. Maluwa amayamba mu Julayi kapena Ogasiti, nthawi yake imapitilira milungu 4. Quack yotereyi yalimidwa kuyambira 1635. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi Ice Belli: kutalika kwa chitsamba kuli pafupifupi 100 cm, mtundu wa maluwa ndi oyera.
Tuberose osseous (Asclepias tuberosa), kapena asclepias tuberose, kapena tubonda osseous
Kutalika kwa tchire kumatha kutalika kuyambira 0,5 mpaka 0,7 m. Maluwa amayamba pakati pa nthawi yachilimwe ndipo amakhala pafupifupi nthawi yonse yophukira. Mtunduwu umagwirizana kwambiri ndi chisanu. Komabe, ngati nyengo yozizira kwambiri ikuyembekezeka, ndibwino kuphimba tchire. Mitundu yotsatirayi yamunda ndiyodziwika kwambiri:
- Gulugufe wa Gay. Kuphatikiza kosiyanasiyana kumeneku, kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi 0.7 m, mtundu wa inflorescence ndi wachikaso, wofiyira kapena lalanje.
- Sharpener wa Maharaj. Mitengo yayitali kutalika kwake imakhala yokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa a utoto wolemera wa lalanje.
Chigoba cha ku Syria (Asclepias syriaca), kapena Aesculapius
Kwawo kwa mtunduwu ndi mayiko akum'mawa a North America, ndipo sichimalumikizana ndi Syria mwanjira iliyonse. Idapeza dzina molakwika, chifukwa idasokonezedwa ndi kendyr - mbewu yomwe imamera ku Syria. Akatswiri adazindikira kuti anali kulakwitsa, koma adaganiza zosiya mitundu ya epithet "Syria" kuti duwa ili. Kutalika kwa chotereku kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 150. Zikhazikikazo ndi zowongoka, ndipo zili ndi masamba oboweka achikopa, omwe kutalika kwake ndi mainchesi 7 ndi kutalika masentimita 15, mtundu wawo ndi wobiriwira wakuda ndipo ali ofanana kwambiri ndi masamba a masamba obiriwira nthawi zonse. Pakati pajumpha nyengo yamara, nyengo zinyake, masamba agwera munsi mwa chisamba. Maluwa apinki opaka m'mimba mwake kufika 10 mm, ali mbali ya ambulera yowoneka ngati ambulera. Maluwa amayamba mu Julayi, ndipo nthawi yake ndi masiku 35. Mitunduyi idalimidwa kuyambira 1629. Kwa dzinja, sikofunikira kuphimba tchire. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi fungo lachilendo lomwe limafanana ndi fungo la keke ya chokoleti, ndipo limakhala lamphamvu kwambiri kuposa fungo la cholengedwa chofiira.
The curasavo stoop (Asclepias curassavica), kapena gusset
Mtunduwu umalimidwa monga pachaka. Ngati chisamaliro chimayang'aniridwa bwino, ndiye kuti kutalika kwa tchire kumatha kufika masentimita 100. Utoto wa malalawo ndi lalanje kapena ofiira, amakongola kwambiri kwa agulugufe ambiri. Kwa anthu ambiri, mungu kuchokera ku maluwa amenewa amatha kubweretsa mkwiyo kwa khungu.
