Viola, wodziwika bwino monga ma pansies, ndi wopirira komanso wosavutikira chisamaliro. Mtundu wake wowala udzakongoletsa dimba lililonse la maluwa, motero amalimi a maluwa amabzala duwa ili ndi chikhumbo chachikulu. M'malo otentha, Viola pachimake kwambiri, mu penumbra maluwa ake amatha pang'ono. Komabe, kugula mbande zakonzedwa kale kasupe aliyense ndi wokwera mtengo, ambiri amalimilira mbande za viola pawokha. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mbewuyi ndi yachilengedwe ndipo ikadzalidwa ndi njere, imaphuka mchaka chachiwiri.
Kubzala viola kwa mbande?
Pogula matumba angapo a viola owala, samalani chifukwa kufesa kwamaluwa kumeneku kumachitika mchilimwe. Alimi ambiri osadziwa maluwa amalakwitsa kubzala mbewu m'mapiri, ndikuyembekeza kuphukira nthawi yotentha. Ichi ndichikhalidwe cha zaka ziwiri, motero ndikofunikira kudziwa nthawi yoyenera kubzala mbewu ya viola.
Mu June-Julayi, malo amagawidwa m'munda wamaluwa wofesa mbewu za mapaya. Mbewu zimathandizidwa chisanachitike ndi chowonjezera kukula. Mbewu zimayikidwa ndi 0,5 masentimita poyambira, ndikuwaza ndi nthaka popanda ziphuphu. Nthaka imakhetsedwa bwino ndi madzi, kuyesera kuti isasokoneze kufesa. Ndikofunika kuti mulch pamalo pofesa ndi utuchi wochepa, womwe umapulumutsa chinyezi m'nthaka.
Pakatha milungu iwiri, mbande zimawonekera, ziyenera kuzidulidwa ndi dzuwa ndi filimu yakuda, yomwe imachotsedwa pakatha milungu iwiri. Pofika mwezi wa Ogasiti, mbande zimera ndipo zitheka kuzidzala m'malo okhazikika. Kuchokera pazobzala zotere, mbewu zomwe zimakhala zowala bwino komanso zamtambo zazitali zimapezeka, zomwe ndizosatheka kuti zitheke kuchokera ku viola zomwe zimamera pambewu ndi mbande.
Kusamalira mbande za viola zobzalidwa poyera ndikuwutenthetsa ndi udzu kapena nthambi za spruce nyengo yachisanu isanayambe. "Chophimba" ichi chidzateteza mizu ya mbewu kuti isazizire.
Chapakatikati, mbewu zazing'ono zimadyetsedwa ndi yankho la feteleza wovuta kawiri - mapangidwe asanakhalepo ndi maluwa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa atsopano ndikosavomerezeka, chifukwa izi zimakwiyitsa matendawa "mwendo wakuda".
Kulima mbewu
M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yovuta kwambiri, kubzala viola pambewu kuchokera pambewu ndiyo njira yokhayo maluwa.
Kuvuta kwa njira iyi yakukula kwa viola ndikofunikira pakupanga zinthu zingapo:
- Zowunikira zowonjezera;
- Kugwirizana ndi boma la kutentha;
- Kusankhidwa kwa dothi lokwanira.
Chakumapeto kwa February - koyambirira kwa Marichi, mutha kubzala viola pambewu kunyumba. M'mbuyomu, mbewu zimayenera kunyowa mu njira ya Zircon, Epin kapena mankhwala EM-1. izi zimathandizira kumera kwa mbeu ndikupanga mbande kugonjetsedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Gawo labwino kwambiri la viola chokulira limapangidwa kuchokera ku peat, yemwe pH yake ndi 5.5-5.8. Simufunikanso kupanga feteleza m'nthaka yotere, muyenera kudyetsa mbande za viola mu gawo la masamba awiri enieni.
Kuti mupeze mbande zabwino, chinthu chofunikira ndikapangira ngalande mu beseni. Mbewu za Viola zimabzalidwa mbande pamwamba pamtunda wothira, owazidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa vermiculite. Asanatuluke, chotengera chimakutidwa ndi chokutira pulasitiki kapena chidutswa chagalasi. Izi zimathandizira nthawi yam'mera. Nthawi ndi nthawi, malo ogona amafunika kuchotsera mpweya wabwino, zomwe zimapewe mapangidwe a bowa m'nthaka. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito magalasi kuti mukule, mbewu za 3-4 ziyenera kubzalidwe mu chilichonse. Pambuyo pa kumera, nyongolotsi yolimba ndikukula bwino imasiyidwa mu kapu, ndikuchotsa zotsalazo.
Pakumera chidebe, mbande za viola zimadzigwedeza kawiri:
- Nthawi yoyamba yomwe mbewu zibzalidwe pomwe masamba awiri owona amapangidwa.
- Kutola kwachiwiri kumachitika pakatha milungu isanu ndi umodzi. Mwa izi, mapoto osiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito, m'mimba mwake momwe simuposa 10 cm.
Mbewu zikagwera m'mabokosi akuluakulu a mbewu, ndikofunikira kuti zizikhala patali pakati pa mbeu za 6 cm.
Popeza kufesa kwa viola kwa mbande kumachitika mu dothi la peat kapena mapiritsi popanda feteleza, kuvala koyambirira koyambirira kumachitika pambuyo pa masabata atatu.
Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani feteleza aliyense wa mchere, mukuthira yankho pansi pa muzu. Kuphatikiza kowonjezereka kumabwerezedwa mwezi uliwonse. Ndi kuthirira, muyenera kusamala. Madzi akuyenera kuwongoleredwa pansi pazu, popewa madontho amagwera pamasamba.
Mbande za Viola zobiriwira panthaka zobzalidwa pakati pa Meyi, nthawi yobwerera isakuyembekezeka.
Mukaziika pansi pa fossa 5 cm mwakuya, muyenera kuthira mchenga wambiri ngati ngalande ndikubzala mbande zamapani ndikuthira pansi. Mtunda pakati pa kubzala uyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 10-15.Zomera zazikuluzikulu zomwe zili ndi maluwa akulu, mtunda pakati pa tchire ndi masentimita 20. Mbewu zimathiridwa mokwanira pansi pa muzu ndi mthunzi pang'ono kwa masiku angapo. Mchenga umalola kuti madzi azilowa pansi m'nthaka osapangira. Izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha mwendo wakuda viola.
Uwu ndiye njira yoyambira yopanga mapani. Koma momwe angakulire mbande za viola zathanzi kuti zisatambasule mumtsuko pawindo?
Popeza kufesa kumachitika koyambirira, mbande zimafunikira kuwunikira, chifukwa zimagwiritsa ntchito magetsi wamba kapena phytolamp, zomwe zimayikidwa ngati zida zapadera zowunikira. Viola amafunikira tsiku lotalika la maola 14-16. Kukula kwa Alar mwanjira ina kumachepetsa kukula kwa mbande, koma malinga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kuwunikira.
Ponena za kutentha kwa boma, madigiri 18-30 amafunikira kumera kwa mbeu. Kupatuka kwina kulikonse kumakhudza kwambiri kumera kwa mbewu za viola.
Ngakhale kutentha kwamphamvu mpaka madigiri 23 kumakhala chifukwa chomwe mphukira za viola zimachedwa kwa mwezi umodzi. Zikamera zikangowoneka pamwamba pa dothi, kutentha kumayenera kuchepetsedwa mpaka madigiri 12-15. Mbewu za viola zachikulire zimalekerera kutentha pang'ono, ngakhale madigiri 5 zimamva bwino. Potere, chitukuko chimachedwetsa pang'ono, koma m'malo operewera, mbande sizikhala zotambasuka.
