Asplenium (Aspleniaceae) kapena Kostenets ndi udzu wouma woimira banja la Aspleniaceae. Mtengowo wazolowera moyo wosiyanasiyana, ndipo umatha kupezeka munthambo, mwala komanso epiphytic. Chifukwa chake, lili ponseponse mdziko lapansi, kuphatikiza m'malo otentha.
Mizu ya asplenium imathanso kusintha mosiyanasiyana: mitundu ina, imasiya kwambiri mbali zina, ina imakhala yotalika bwino, yolimba, komanso yodzaza dziko lapansi mozama. Masamba osiyanasiyana amayimiridwa ndi mitundu yonse yomwe ingapezeke mu fern: mawonekedwe osavuta, ophatikizidwa m'maso nthenga, yonse yokhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala. Mitsempha ya kumbuyo kwa tsamba la masamba pali ziwalo zina zokhala ndi spore - sporangia. Masamba okula pang'ono pang'onopang'ono petiole ndi nthawi kufika theka la mita. Asplenium imakhala yolemekezeka.
Kusamalira kunyumba kwa asplenium
Malo ndi kuyatsa
Chomera sichifunikira kuunikira kwabwino, chiri choyenera pamalopo pazenera za windows zoyang'ana kumpoto kapena kumadzulo, ndipo ngakhale kutsutsana ndi khoma lopanda mawindo. Ndipo nthawi yozizira ndikofunikira kuti muzichotsa mumthunzi.
Kutentha
Kusasunthika kwa boma la kutentha ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa asplenium. Mtundu wake suyenera kupatuka kwambiri mpaka madigiri 18-20. Zojambula, fumbi, ndi mphepo yozizira zimasokoneza mbewu.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Chinyezi cha 60% ndizokwanira bwino kwa asplenium. Kuti mukwaniritse izi zapamwamba, muyenera kupopera fern nthawi zonse, makamaka chilimwe. Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha pamwamba pamadigiri 22 nthawi zambiri kumatsogolera pakuuma kuchokera kumapeto kwa masamba. Chifukwa chake, nyengo yotentha, sichingakhale cholakwika kuyika chonyowa, kapena kuyika dongo poto la poto.
Mukapopera mankhwala, chisamaliro chimayenera kuchitika: M'chilimwe, osalola kuti chinyezi chizilowa pakatikati kuchokera masamba, ndipo nthawi yozizira kutentha kochepa, gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofewa komanso ofunda ndikuchepetsa pafupipafupi kupopera kuti musasokoneze nkhungu mumphika.
Kuthirira
Kwa asplenum, kuuma kwambiri kwa dothi mumphika nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kufa kwa masamba, omwe ferns amatchedwanso vayi. Izi ndizowopsa makamaka nthawi yotentha kutentha. Komabe, kubwezera madzi kumalinso koopsa kwambiri.
Popeza madontho saloledwa pamasamba, ndikofunikira kuthirira mbewuyo m'maenje okumbamo madzi pomiza mumphika mu chidebe chamadzi. Dziko likadzaza ndi chinyezi, amakweza mphikawo kuti madzi amatuluka ndi kuikamo. Amachitanso chimodzimodzi nthawi yozizira, koma osati kangapo konse kuti asazule mizu.
Dothi
Fern akadali wachichepere komanso wachifundo, mizu yake yofooka imafunikira dothi lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi kuchokera ku peat, humus ndi dothi lamasamba ndikuwonjezera mchenga. Ikakulimba, chopanga cha turf chitha kuwonjezeredwa kale ku zosakaniza panthaka ndikusintha pamodzi ndi zidutswa zamiphika zadongo, sphagnum moss kapena makala.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Feteleza amalimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito kulowetsedwa pakati kuposa momwe malangizowo amafunikira, ndikuwapanga pamene kuthirira. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe 1 nthawi iliyonse masiku 14, kusinthanitsa zinthu za organic ndi feteleza wa mchere.
Thirani
Kubzala mbewu kumachitika pokhapokha mizu itakula: ngati mu kasupe adayikidwanso mumphika, ndiye kuti muisiyirepoyo mpaka chaka chamawa. Mukasunthira pansi dziko lonse lakale, sinthani mosamala mizu ya fern ndikudula madera owola. Osati mopitirira muyeso, monga kubwezeretsa kwa mizu kumatenga nthawi yambiri.
Osamayanjanitsa gawo latsopanolo mwatsopano kwambiri kuti musawononge ufulu wa mizu yofooka. Mutabzala, thirirani bwino dothi ndikunyowetsa masamba kuchokera mu botolo lothira. Kwa aplenium, mphika waukulu ndi woyenera kwambiri kuposa mphika wakuya.
Kudulira
Fern Ferns imakonda kwambiri mpweya wouma, kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji, madontho amadzi, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amawonongeka ndikufa. Kusintha kukula kwa masamba atsopano, zakale zimachotsedwa. Musaiwale kusunga chofunikira chinyezi mozungulira chomera.
Kubwezeretsa kwa Asplenia
Kubalana mwa kugawa chitsamba
Njira imeneyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu nthawi yamasika, ndikugawa mbewu ya mayi m'magawo angapo. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri, ndikusiyanitsa njira za mwana wamkazi ndikuonetsetsa kuti aliyense waiwo ali ndi chiwerengero chokwanira chokwanira. Chifukwa ochepa aiwo sangakwanitse kubereka chodzaza chodzaza. Pambuyo pochulukitsa, tchire tating'ono la asslenium timatha kukhalabe kwakanthawi osatulutsa masamba atsopano.
Kufalitsa impso
Mitundu ina ya asplenium imasiyana mitundu yobadwa. Izi zimachitika mphukira wa ana utapangidwa kuchokera ku kanyumba ka meristematic pamtsempha, pomwe chomera chatsopano chatsopano chimabadwa. Pakufika pamlingo winawake, khandalo limagwa kuchokera ku tsamba la mayi ndikukula yekha. Njirayi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwadongosolo ndikulekanitsa ana ndi masamba masamba kuti azikagwera m'nthaka lotayirira, kapena kubzala ma ferns omwe ali kale okonzeka kuti adziyimire pawokha.
Spore kufalitsa
Sporangia, yomwe imapezeka pansi pamasamba, imapanga spores. Amatha kufalitsa asplenium mu mawonekedwe a mbewu. Kuti musankhe iwo, ndikokwanira kungoyala pa pepala locheka papepala. Ndikwabwino kuwafesa m'mwezi wa Marichi muzotengera zapadera zotenthetsera pang'ono ndipo zimakhala ndi madigiri 21. Ndikofunikira kupereka chitsa chabwino pansi, ndipo gawo lapansi liyenera kuyendetsedwa bwino musanafesere kupatsira majeremusi. Kuthetsa mikangano sikuyenera kukhala kovuta kwambiri kuti kusasokonezane. Mphukira yoyamba isanawonekere, kuphimba mabowo ndi galasi ndikukhazikika pamalo amdima. Mbande zitha kuyembekezeredwa m'miyezi 1-3. Pambuyo pa izi, pobisalira amatha kuchotsedwa ndikuisunga bwino. Sankhani mbande zamphamvu kwambiri kuti mudumphire m'madzi, ndikuchotsa zina zonse. Bzalani zingapo nthawi imodzi mumphika umodzi.
Matenda, tizirombo ndi mavuto akukula
Nthawi zambiri zolakwika zosamalidwa zimayamba chifukwa cha imvi zowola, bacteriosis ndi matenda ena a masamba, motero ndikwabwino osadzaza mtengowo. Madimbidwe a nyenyezi amatha kukhalabe feteleza chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa feteleza m'nthaka, choncho nthawi zonse ndibwino kuwawasambitsa ndi madzi.
Nematode yodwala imawonedwa ngati matenda osachiritsika. Zikuwoneka zofiirira pa masamba. Ndi zizindikiro zotere, asplenium, mwatsoka, sangathe kupulumutsidwa. Komabe, musasokoneze mawanga chifukwa cha matendawa ndi madontho a bulauni kapena mikwingwirima kumbuyo kwa tsamba, popeza izi zimatha chifukwa cha kuchuluka.
Mtengowo umakhudzidwanso ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono monga phylostikta ndi tafin. Kukonzekera kwapadera, fungicides, kuthandizira kuti achotse.
Mpweya wouma nthawi zambiri umapangitsa chikasu cha wai komanso kupukuta kwa nsonga zawo, ndipo kuthirira kosakwanira kumapangitsa kuti kuzimiririka. Kuwotcha komanso kufinya kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwala kwadzuwa, ndipo masamba a masamba amayamba chifukwa chojambula dothi komanso kulowetsa madzi m'nthaka.
