Medlar (Eriobotrya) ndi chitsamba chobiriwira kapena mtengo yaying'ono wa banja la Rosaceae. Medlar ndi amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Odziwika kwambiri a iwo ndi a medap a Japan ndi Germany, omwe ndi a banja la pinki. Komwe kudalidwa chomera chachilendo ichi kuli maiko omwe ali ndi nyengo yotentha: Crimea, Caucasus, madera akumwera kwa USA ndi Europe.
Padziko lapansi pali mitundu yambiri ya mbewu zomwe mayina awo ndi odabwitsa komanso kufunitsitsa osati kungowawona, komanso kukulira kunyumba. Akatswiri amayesetsa kwambiri kuti asinthe mbewu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polima nyengo yotentha kutengera nyengo yathu. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti obereketsa amapanga mitundu yomwe imatha kulimidwa mnyumbamo. Chimodzi mwazomera zodabwitsa ngati ichi ndi medlar.
Chomera chodabwitsa ichi chimakondedwa ndi alimi a maluwa osati chifukwa chokongoletsera, komanso zipatso zake zokongola. Amaluwa a Medlar amatenga nthawi yayitali ndi maluwa okongola oyera ngati chipale, kenako amasangalala ndi zipatso zabwino za lalanje kapena zofiirira. Mutha kupanga zodzikongoletsera zabwino ndi nthangala kwa iwo. Koma ndikofunika kwambiri kudya zipatso zamtengo wapatali zatsopano.
Kufotokozera kwa chomera cha Medlar
Medlar ali ndi dzina lina - eriobotria, kapena lokva. Ndi mtengo womwe umatha kufikira mamitala awiri kapena atatu. Itha kubzalidwa osati m'malo mophika wama maluwa kunyumba, komanso m'minda yozizira kapena greenhouse. Monga chokongoletsera, medlar ya ku Japan imawonetsedwa m'mawindo osungirako. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona chomera chokongola ichi mu maofesi ndi ngodya zobiriwira zamabizinesi osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza pa chakuti inflorescences ya medlar pachimake kwa nthawi yayitali, imanunkhiranso bwino. Zomera zimatulutsa panthawi yomwe maluwa ambiri amapuma komanso osakondweretsa maso ndi maluwa. Maluwa a lokva amagwa m'dzinja-nthawi yozizira kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Januwale. Ngakhale mtengo wamtengo wapatali wamtundu wa Japan wopanda maluwa ungakongoletse chipinda: masamba ake ndi ofanana ndi masamba a ficus.
Bone loquat kunyumba
Medap ya Japan imatha kudyedwa mosavuta kuchokera ku mbewu. Kuti mukulitse loboti nokha, muyenera kudziwa mbali zina za kapangidwe kameneka.
- Poyamba, mbewu za medlar ziyenera kukhala zatsopano, zabwino kwambiri zochotsa zipatso. Mbewu zimasiyanitsidwa bwino ndipo sizifunika kutsukidwa.
- Kachiwiri, mbewu zomwe zimamera pambewu zimasunga mawonekedwe onse a mtengo wa mayi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutenga mbewu kuchokera ku medu yathanzi ndikulawa zipatso.
- Chachitatu, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti wachi Japan wa medap amayamba kubala zipatso mchaka chachinayi. Pofika nthawi ino, amasintha kukhala mtengo wamtali. Pazifukwa izi, ndikofunikira kusankha mphika woyenera ndi chipinda chokhala ndi denga lalikulu. Ndikofunika kukulitsa lokva m'malo obisalamo kapena m'malo osungirako nyama.
Kusamalira medlar Japan kunyumba
Kuthirira
Kuthirira medlar ndikofunikira kawiri kapena katatu pa sabata. Mbewu ikakula mwachangu, imatheka nthawi zambiri. Nthaka sikuyenera kupukuta.
Madzi akuthirira ayenera kukhala ofewa ndikuwakhazikika. Kutentha kwa madzi kuyenera kupitirira kutentha kwa chipinda ndi madigiri 1-2.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Chinyezi mchipinda momwe chomera cha thermophilic chimamera chitha kupitilizidwa mothandizidwa ndi akatswiri apadera amunyontho. Ngati izi sizingatheke, konzekerani mizimu ya mbewu. Mederolo ikakula, ingoponda masamba ndi madzi.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Zomera zazing'ono zimadyetsedwa kamodzi pamwezi, ndipo akuluakulu - katatu pachaka.
Thirani
Lokva amakula msanga, kotero kamodzi pachaka kufunikira kumafunikira kwakukulu. Ndikofunika kufalitsa mbewu mosamala, osaphwanya dothi. Mizu ya medap ya ku Japan ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo imatha kukhudzidwa, zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa mtengowo.
Kudulira
Ma medlar aku Japan ndi amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kuti mupange mtengo, muyenera kudulira zitsamba zowonjezera. Ngati mukufuna chitsamba chowoneka ngati chitsamba, muyenera kuchisiya momwe chilili.
Kuswana kwa Medlar
Kufalitsa mbewu
Mbewu (nthanga) ziyenera kusankhidwa zazikulu ndi zathanzi. Ayenera kukhala atsopano. Popewa matenda, muyenera kugwira njere zanu mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu pafupifupi tsiku limodzi.
Miphika iyenera kukhala yotalika masentimita 10. Makoko amafunika kukhetsa madzi ochuluka. Mutha kupanga dothi nokha: kusakaniza peat ndi mchenga wamtsinje ndi nthaka yamasamba muyezo wa 1: 1: 2. Kapenanso tenga dothi komanso tsamba 2: 1.
Kenako ndikofunikira kuthira nthaka kuti ikhale kuti madzi otsalawo akuphatikizika mumsavu kudzera m'maenje okuya.
Mbewu zokonzedwa za medast ya Japan zimabzalidwa mpaka akuya masentimita atatu, ndikuzikankhira pang'ono. Kuchita bwino kwa zobiriwira kumafunikira kuti kumere bwino kwa mbeu. Miphika yokhala ndi mbewu zobzalidwa itha kukundidwa ndi filimu yokhazikika. Mchipinda chomwe miphika imayimirira, kutentha kuyenera kukhala kosachepera 20 madigiri.
Ndikofunika kuti nthaka ikhale chinyezi. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi kupukutira bwino zimakhudza kumera kwa mbeu. Koma, musachite mopambanitsa. Kuchepa kwambiri kumatha kuyambitsa nkhungu.
Kutulutsa zikumera kudikira motalika kokwanira. Nthawi zina amatha kuwonekera pakatha miyezi iwiri. Nthambi ziwiri zimapezeka kuchokera kumbewu imodzi. Munthawi yonseyi, ndikofunikira kusungabe kutentha ndi madzi.
Kufalitsa ndi odulidwa
Kuphatikiza kwamasamba a medlar Japan kumayenda bwino. Zodula mpaka 15 cm kutalika kudula kuchokera chaka chatha nthambi. Masamba a mbewu, omwe ndi okulirapo, ayenera kudulidwa pakati. Izi zitha kuchitika ndi lumo kapena mpeni wakuthwa.
Kuti tsinde lizike mizu, liyenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi. Mtsuko wamadzi uyenera kukulungidwa mu pepala lakuda kapena nsalu yayikulu: mizu imatha kuwoneka mumdima basi.
Komanso mizu imatha kuonekera mumadulidwe obzalidwa mumchenga. Kuti muchite izi, pangani chodulira cholimba ndikuchiviika mu makala osadulidwa kuti mupewe kuwola. Mchenga uyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ochuluka ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu pamwamba. Kutentha kuyenera kukhala chimodzimodzi ngati kukula kwa mbewu. Pakatha miyezi iwiri, mizu yake idzaonekere. Zomera zitha kuziika.
Mtundu wa ku Japan umakonda dothi lopepuka. Nthaka yoyenera ndi yofanana ndi pobzala mbewu.
Mphukira za Lokva zibzalidwe mumphika ndi dothi lokonzedwa ndikuthirira. Kwa milungu iwiri muyenera kuphimba mbewuyo ndi filimu. Pambuyo pa nthawi iyi, ndikofunikira kuchotsa kanemayo ndikuthirira achinyamata medlar. Dziko lapansi liyenera kumasulidwa nthawi zonse. Chomera chaching'ono chimayenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa. Masana masana ayenera kukhala osachepera maola 10. Ngati ndi kotheka, medlar iyenera kupereka kuwala kwaumboni.
Kukula medlar Germany
Mtundu uwu wa medlar ndi wosiyana pang'ono ndi lokva. Zomera zimayambira kumapeto kwa Meyi. Ma inflorescence ndi oyera ndi fungo labwino. Zipatso zofiirira zofiirira zimapezeka pamtengo mu Novembala. Ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. M'dzinja, masamba amasandulika ofiira, omwe amapatsa mtengo kukongoletsa.
German medlar akhoza kukhala wamkulu ngakhale nyengo yotentha. Amalekerera chisanu bwino. Zipatso zimakhala zokoma pokhapokha zikauma. Amakhala ndi kukoma ndi kukoma.
Mtengowu umafika mita 8 ndipo ndioyenera kukula m'mundamo.
German medlar imadulidwa kuchokera ku njere kapena vegetatively. Mbande zimamera kunyumba. Mbewu zatsopano zimayikidwa mu chidebe chamchenga. Kenako amathiriridwa madzi. Kuti tifulumizane kukula kwa njere, chidebe chija chimayikidwa pozizira, kenako ndikutentha. Kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kumatha miyezi itatu. Pambuyo pa njirayi, njere zimabzalidwa mumiphika ndikukula mu malo otentha. Kenako mbande zibzalidwa m'mundamo. Kubalalitsa zamasamba kumachitika chimodzimodzi monga momwe zimapangidwira mu Japan.
Zipatso za medlar ndizabwino kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi katundu wambiri wopindulitsa.
