Pumbwa wodziwika bwino kwambiri dzina lake ndi kanjedza. Imapezeka koyamba m'malo otentha, motero mbewuyi imamva bwino ngati ipatsidwa kuwala kokwanira, madzi ndi mpweya wonyowa. Pandanus amathanso kukhala wamkulu m'mitunda yathu, mumangofunika kugula mbewu za mbewu ndikutsatira mosamalitsa malamulo aukadaulo aulimi ndi kulima kunyumba.
Mitundu ya Zomera za Pandanus
Chithunzi cha chomera chimangopereka lingaliro lokhazikika, kotero musanayambe kukulitsa, ndikofunika kuti mudziwe mawonekedwe ake.
Pandanus adalengeza mwachangu mawonekedwe ake okongoletsa, chifukwa zachilengedwe zimatha kukula mpaka kutalika kwa 2-4 m. ngakhale chisamaliro chakuthwa bwino kwambiri, chimakhala chovuta kukula chimphona chotere. Komabe, makope ochulukirapo amapatsanso chisangalalo chochuluka. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kukula kwa pandanus muzipinda zokhala ndi denga lokwera, komwe kuli malo ambiri aulere.
Pazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, mbewu zimafikira kukula kotero kuti malo a chipinda chokhazikika samakwanira. Muayenera kukulitsa dzanja lamtali mumphika wokulirapo kapena mphika. Mitundu ya pandanus imaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 600, yomwe yonse imayimiriridwa kumalo otentha. Amamva bwino m'mayendedwe athu:
- Pandanus Veitch. Pansi pazachilengedwe, izi zimapezeka ku East Asia. Chimakula chimamera ngati mtengo, pomwe mtengo wofupikitsidwa ndi mizu yake imapangidwa. Pakapita kanthawi, chigawo cha thunthu chimamaliza kuzungulira kwa moyo wake, ndipo kuyambira pano, mizu yake yoyambira imathandizira chomera. Chifukwa chake, powona kanjedza mokhotakhota, zikuwoneka ngati zambiri kuti mtengowo umagundika pamwamba pamtunda. Mtengowo umakongoletsedwa ndi masamba obiriwira omwe amapanga zolimba zolimba pafupi ndi maziko. Tikakula m'nyumba pachaka chimodzi, mitundu iyi imakulitsa kutalika kwakukulu. Kuti mukule toyesa ndi kutalika kwa 1.5 m, muyenera kudikira pafupifupi zaka 10;
- Pandanus wotchedwa Sandera. Mtunduwu umapezeka kwambiri m'nkhalango za Timor. Zoyerekeza za achikulire zimakhala ndi thunthu lofupikitsa komanso masamba ataliatali mpaka masentimita 90. Ngakhale mtundu wamtundu wowolowawu ndi woyenera kukula m'nyumba, muyenera kukonzekera malo kuti mawonekedwe atatha kutalika kwa masamba asamamvekere.
- Pandanus Wothandiza. Chizindikiro cha izi ndizopanga masamba. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amatha kupanga atatu mpaka anayi pansi pa thunthu. Oimira ambiri amtunduwu amapezeka ku Madagascar komanso pachilumba cha Mauritius. Kupadera kwapanus kothandiza kumaperekedwa chifukwa chakuti ndizokhazo zomwe zimatha kubzala kuchokera ku mbewu, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yonse. Mukakhala wamkulu, imatha kutalika kwa 2-3 m, ngakhale kukula kwake kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndi dera lomwe likukula.
Mosiyana ndi mbewu zina, pandanus imapanga mizu ya mpweya mosasamala kanthu za kukula. Mitengo ya kanjedza ikamakula, imakulirakulira, nthawi zina imakulunga nthambi zamtengo. Pambuyo pake, zimathandizira chomera, chomwe chimathandiza kuoneka ngati mtengo wa mgwalangwa wopatsa chidwi kwambiri.
Ubwino wa pandanus: zonse za zipatso zake
Pansi pamikhalidwe yachilengedwe, pandanus imamasuka pafupipafupi, kotero zotengera zoterezi ndizosangalatsa osati chifukwa cha masamba ndi maluwa, komanso zipatso. Tsoka ilo malo ocheperako, sizigwira ntchito kuyembekezera kuti pandanus itulutsangakhale atasamalira bwino chomera. Mtengo wa kanjedza kokha womwe umamera mwachilengedwe umatha kutulutsa. Pakadali pano, pandanus amakhala wokongola kwambiri chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mithunzi. Amapereka lingaliro la munda wake. Spikelets nthawi zambiri amapanga amuna, akazi amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi maluwa okhala ndi belu.
Chipatso cha pandanus chimawoneka choyambirira kwambiri, chomwe chimafanana kwambiri ndi chinanazi. Komabe, ndizowazungulira. Zipatso zimawoneka ngati zakupsa akapeza mtundu wofiyirandipo kufikira pomwepo iwo ali obiriwira kapena ofiira. Ngakhale kutengera ndi malo omwe kulimidwa, zipatso za pandanus zimatha kusiyana: m'malo ena zipatso zomwe zimakhala ndi chikaso, buluu kapena lalanje zimatha kucha.
Mwa mitundu ya pandanus, pali ena omwe zipatso zoyenera kudya zimakula. Chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri Sanyansidwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya nyama: akhwangwala, njovu ndi mileme. Anthu akumeneko sawakana, pogwiritsa ntchito zipatsozo pokonza mbale zingapo. Komanso, zipatso za pandanus ndizosangalatsa osati chifukwa cha kukoma kosangalatsa, komanso zofunikira:
- ascorbic acid;
- CHIKWANGWANI;
- folic acid, yomwe amayi oyembekezera amafuna kwambiri;
- zochuluka zimakhala ndi potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi ma enzyme omwe amasintha ntchito ya mantha.
Chipatsochi sichigulitsidwa, si nzeru kugwiritsira ntchito zipatso za pandanus zobzalidwa kumalo obiriwira komanso kunyumba, chifukwa zimasiyana pakukoma ndi zothandiza pazipatso zomwe zimamera mwachilengedwe.
Kodi kukula pandanus ku mbewu?
Yoyenera kumera nthangala zamkati ndi pandanus yabwino. Pofikira nthaka yake, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga kapena nyanja yamchenga. Nthawi zina, amatha kusintha malo ndi gawo lapadera, lomwe limakonzedwa kuchokera ku peat (80%) ndi mchenga wamba (20%).
Alimi ambiri amachita njira yodzala mbewu za pandanus kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena chilimwe poyera. Ndipo nthawi zonse mutabzala malo muyenera kuteteza ndi mtsuko kapena chidebe chinakupereka wowonjezera kutentha. M'malo mchipinda, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito msanganizo wa mchenga-peat pofesa mbewu, ndipo chidebe chomwe chimabzalidwa chikuyenera kuphimbidwa ndi polyethylene wandiweyani. Zitatha izi, mini-greenhouse iyenera kusunthidwa kumalo otentha, ngati kuli kotheka kuyenera kuyatsidwa ndi dzuwa.
Ndizotheka kuthamangitsa nthawi yomwe ikamera mbande za pandanus zothandiza ngati maula ali lipatsidwe magetsi owunikira kapena achilengedwe mpaka maola 10-11 patsiku. Mphukira yoyamba imakonda kuoneka kumapeto kwa sabata lachinayi. Komabe, mwayi usanachitike kuti awasamutsire kumalo kwamuyaya, nthawi yayitali imayenera kudutsa.
Momwe mungayikitsire mbande zazing'ono ndi zipatso
Chizindikiro chakuti mbande zakonzeka kupandulidwa ndikufika kutalika kwa pafupifupi masentimita 10. Komabe, muyenera kusamala kwambiri pano, kuyambira mizu ya pandanus ndi yosalimbachifukwa chake amatha kuwonongeka mosavuta. Popewa kuvulala, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira, onetsetsani kuti mwatenga gawo lalikulu dothi lakale mumatanki atsopano obwera. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuchita njirayi mchaka.
Maphunziro azaka zapakati pa 2-3 ndi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nthawi yopanga mizu ya mlengalenga, amafunanso chodzaza chachiwiri ngati mphika sukwanira. Pakusintha, mizu yam'mlengalenga siyenera kumizidwa pansi. Simuyenera kuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi izi, chifukwa nthawi yomweyo pandanus amakula zachilengedwe.
Kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa mbewu, tikulimbikitsidwa ndikusintha mbande zazing'ono kukhala miphika yayikulu ya maluwa.
Kusamalira pakhomo: momwe mungakulire ndi kusunga chomera chokongoletsera?
Sikuti nthawi zonse kulima dzanja lamanja panyumba kumayenda bwino. Pali nthawi zina pamene kusintha kumachitika mmera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mwiniyo aziganiza mofatsa za kutha kwake:
- Masamba amasanduka achikasu. Izi zikusonyeza kuti tiziromboti tapezeka pamalowo.
- Malangizo a bulauni a timapepala. Choyambitsa chachikulu ndichotentha kwambiri komanso kowuma kwamkati.
- Masamba ang'onoang'ono ali ndi utoto. Izi zimachitika mbewu zikasowa kuwala.
Malo ndi chiyembekezo cha kukula
Mukakulitsa pandanus kunyumba, tsatirani malamulo omwewo monga momwe chimakhalira ngati kanjedza. Choyamba, muyenera kupanga malo okwanira kuti mbewu zikule. Kwa pandanus, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa, akapunthwa pamipando kapena makatani, masamba amatha kusiya.
Nthawi zambiri, alimi ambiri a novice pamtunda wobzala kanjedza yabodza kunyumba saganizira za kuchuluka kwa malo omwe adzafunikire atatha zaka 5-6. Mitundu ya achikulire imakhala ndi masamba otereraizi zimatha kubweretsa mavuto mukamawakhudza. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyika chimphona chotere pazenera sizigwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, ngati zikhalidwe za nyumbayo sizilola kuti zikule mpaka kukula kwake, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi yomweyo musankhe mitundu yazipatso zingapo.
Kukula ka kanjedza ka kanjedza: Kuunikira chilimwe ndi nthawi yozizira
Pandanus salekerera zinthu zochepa, kotero zomwe akuyembekezerazi zikhala zikuwoneka, ndipo nthawi zina kuyanika masamba. Popita nthawi, amasiya kusinthasintha.kutaya kukopa kwawo. Ngati mukukula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pandanus, ndiye kuti isintha mtundu wake woyambirira.
Kuti kukula kwabwino kwa pandanus, ndikofunikira kupereka zowunikira zowonekera bwino. Imafa kwa mbewu ndi dzuwa. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kusunga chimango chamaluwu mumakona otetezeka a chipindachoomwe mazenera ake ali mbali ya dzuwa. Muyeneranso kuchitapo kanthu kuti mupange korona ndi thunthu moyenera. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuthira mphika masiku awiri kapena atatu aliwonse. Ngati izi sizichitika, masamba amatambasuka m'mbali imodzi yokha, ndipo izi zichititsa kuti pakhale kusiyana.
Ndi kuyambika kwa nthawi yophukira, duwa limatha kuyikika m'malo opepuka kuti mawonekedwe ozizira ozizira a dzuwa agwere pa iyo. Nthawi zina, izi sizokwanira, chifukwa chomera chimatha kusintha masambazomwe zimazimiririka ndikugwera. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuyatsa zowunikira zowonjezera mothandizidwa ndi zida zowunikira. Izi zisanachitike, mudzafunika nyali wamba, zomwe ziyenera kuyikidwa pamwamba pa pandanus pamtunda wa 60-70 masentimita kuchokera korona ndikutseguka kwa maola 6-8.
Ndi pafupipafupi kamodzi patsiku, ndikofunikira podutsa malo, kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe kukonzekera mwamphamvu.
Kufotokozera kwa kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Pandanus amatha kulekerera chinyezi chochepetsedwa, komabe, chinyezi chimatha kuwononga kwambiri pazolakwika zamasamba. Posamalira chomera, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti madzi okhazikika amayenera kuthiridwa kokha pansi pa mizu. Chifukwa chake, kukonzekera kusamba kwa iye ndikosavomerezeka. Kuthirira ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okhazikikaKutentha madigiri awiri kuposa kutentha kwa chipinda. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti dothi limakhala lonyowa nthawi zonse. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira othirira, chomera chimakhala ndi kupsinjika, zomwe zili bwino m'malo mwake zingachedwetse kukula kwake.
Pakakula pandanus mumikhalidwe yochepa chinyezi, nsonga ndi m'mbali mwa masamba ndiyoyamba kuchita, yomwe imayamba kuuma. Vutoli litha kupewedwa ndikupukuta masamba ndi nsalu yonyowa pokambirana kawiri kapena katatu pa sabata.y. Masamba akuluakulu amapatsa pandanus mawonekedwe ake okongoletsa, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti akhale oyera. Pukutani mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ma spikes ofiira, amatha kubweretsa mavuto ambiri.
Pomaliza
Pandanus ndi mbewu yakale yoyambirira yotentha yomwe imakopa chidwi chifukwa cha kukula kwake. Sizachilendo kuti ali ndi dzina "lanja la ozungulira". Ngakhale amakhala momasuka kwambiri m'malo otentha, atha kukhala wamkulu m'malo ovuta a dziko lathu.
Komabe, choyamba muyenera kulingalira zina mwazinthu za kanjedza, ndipo, koposa zonse, muyenera kukumbukira kuti pandanus amafuna malo okwanira, chifukwa akamakula, amapanga masamba akulu omwe amafunikira malo. Zofunikanso pakukula. kunyumba, onetsetsani kuti kutentha ndi chinyezi ndizabwino kwambiri, chifukwa pachitukuko choyenera cha pandanus ndikofunikira kuti pakhale nyengo zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri ndi zikhalidwe zachilengedwe.
