Kusamalira ndi kukula ndimu kunyumba

Ndimu ndi chomera chobiriwira nthawi zonse, chomwe kwawo ndi kwamtunda, koma chisamaliro choyenera komanso kupangidwa kwa zinthu zina, mtengo umakhala wabwino kwambiri mnyumbamo.

Itha kubzidwa kuchokera ku mbewu wamba, komabe, kuti ikwaniritse kukoma kwambiri ndikukhwima kwamphepo kwa zipatso kungangochokera ku mbewu zomwe zagulidwa mu sitolo yapadera. Zoposa zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, mandimu adabweretsedwa ku mayiko aku Mediterranean kuchokera ku India, ndipo pambuyo pake adabwera ku Africa ndi America. Tsopano ku ndimu yamtchire sikupezeka, mitengo yonse ya mandimu ndi ntchito ya manja a anthu.

Ndimu - kukula pakhomo

Monga mukudziwa, m'malo mchipinda momwe mungakhalire kuti mandimu azikhala ozizira sizovuta. Izi zimafuna kulengedwa koyenera kwa malo okulira pafupi ndi malo otentha, komanso munthawi yake, chisamaliro chokhazikika. Chofunika kwambiri pakulima zipatso ndi mitundu yake.

M'malo opezekamo, kupambana kwa mtengo kumatsimikiziridwa mu chipinda chowala, chopumira komanso ngati kudyetsa pafupipafupi kupezeka.

Masiku ano kwakhala kwachilendo kwambiri kukulitsa nyumba za zipatso, kuphatikizapo mandimu. M'masitolo odziwika adawonekera mitundu yambiri onse mandimu okha ndi hybrids.

Mungamvetsetse kuchuluka kotere, momwe mungasankhire mitundu yoyenera nyengo yanu komanso m'nyumba?

Mitundu yotsatirayi ya mandimu ndiyoyenera kulimidwa mkati:

1. Pavlovsky. Mtundu wakale wakale womwe umadziwika pakati pa wamaluwa. Maluwa amayamba mchaka chachitatu mutabzala. Zipatso zokhala ndi peel yopyapyala, zolemera 200-400 gr, ndizokoma kwambiri. Kwa chaka, mtengo ukhoza kupatsa mandimu 6 mpaka 15.
2. Lunario. Ili ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri ku Europe. Limamasula kwa zaka 2-3 ndipo limabweretsa zipatso 8 mpaka 16 zolemera 130-180 gr. Kukoma kwa mandimu ndi kwapakatikati. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zopanda ulemu kwambiri ndipo sizifunikira chisamaliro chapadera.
3. Ponderosis. Mtengo waung'ono (mpaka mita imodzi), umaluwa kwa chaka 1−2. Zipatsozi ndizosangalatsa, zolemera mpaka 300 gr. Zokhazo zoyipa ndizachuma chochepa (3-5 mchaka). Zosiyanasiyana ndizosalemekeza.
4. Lisbon. Zosiyanasiyana sizigwirizana ndi kutentha, chosasamala chisamaliro, zimakhala ndi ma spines panthambi. Zipatso 180−200 gr ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri. Zipatso zaka 3 mutabzala, perekani 6 mpaka 16 mandimu. Kutalika kwa mbewu kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndikupanga korona.
5. Meyer. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kocheperako (0.5-1 m), mitunduyi yatchuka kwambiri pakati pa okonda mbewu zokongoletsera. Limamasula kwa zaka 1-2. Zipatso 150-190 g, kukoma kwapakatikati. Mu chaka, mtengo umabweretsa mandimu 6 mpaka 15.

Zomeranso kunyumba, mitundu monga Novogruzinskiy, Villafranca, Maykop (ali ndi zokolola zapamwamba kwambiri), Genoa ndi Kursky, Eureka (mitundu yoyera yoyera imawoneka pamasamba).

Ndimu Yapakatikati - Kusamalira Panyumba

Mtengo wa mandimu umadulidwa ndikulumikiza, miyala kapena Ankalumikiza. Komabe, sikofunikira kubzala nokha.

Chomera chokonzeka chitha kugula pa malo ogulitsa maluwa, nazale yapadera kapena dimba la zomera.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa pasadakhale malo a alendo. Pankhaniyi, zinthu zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:

• Sungani kutali ndi magetsi, popeza kutentha kumakhudza mbewuyo.
• Ganizirani kutalika kwa kudenga - ndimu za chipinda zimamera mamita awiri. Ngati kukula kwa matayala anu kukulepheretsani kukula mtengo wamba, muyenera kulabadira mitundu ya citrofortunella kapena mitundu yazing'ono (Meyer ndimu).
• Kusuntha pafupipafupi kumawononga thanzi la mbewu, chifukwa chake muyenera kudziwa malo omwe ziwetozo zimakhala.

Kuwala ndi chinyezi

Ndimu ya mkati ndi chomera chachikulu. Malo abwino kwambiri amakhala kum'mwera chakum'mawa kapena kum'mwera kwa nyumbayo, komwe kumayatsidwa dzuwa.

Kwa nthawi yayitali imatha kuchitika padzuwa, koma osapitilira maola awiri patsiku, mwinanso mtengowo ungayake.

Ndimu yozizira imafunikira zowunikira zowonjezera. Popeza zipatso zamzitini zamkati zimatembenuza masamba ake kuwala, ndikofunikira kuti muziwulula mumphika kuti chomera chisawonekere mbali imodzi.

Ndondomeko ikuyenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri. Kuperewera kwa kuwala kumayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana ndikuchepetsa kukula, komanso mosatalikirapo, (kupitirira maola 12 patsiku) ndi kuyatsa mwamphamvu kumachepetsa kubereka ndikupangitsa kukula.

Mlingo wachinyezi umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusamalira ndimu ya mandimu. Zizindikiro zoyenera - 60-70% pa kutentha kwa mpweya kwa +18 ° C. Ngati chipindacho chili chotentha kwambiri, muyenera 2 kawiri pa tsiku utsi chomera chokha ndi mpweya womuzungulira.

Kutentha

Ulamuliro wa kutentha umagwira gawo lofunikira pakusamalira kwazomera (kasupe). Pakadali pano, ndimu imayamba kukula ndikukula. Mitengo ya citrus imatha kulekerera kutentha kuyambira 14 ° C mpaka 27 ° C.

Komabe, izi ziyenera kukhala zachikhalire. Kutentha kulumpha kumawononga zipatso za zipatso. Nthawi yamaluwa, kutentha kwa nyumba m'nyumba sikuyenera kupitirira + 18 ° C, apo ayi masambawo adzaphwa ndi kuwonongeka.

Chapakatikati (kuyambira +12 ° C) chidebe chokhala ndi mtengo chitha kuyikidwa pa khonde, loggia kapena munda. Izi zili ndi phindu pa kukula kwa ndimu.

M'nyengo yozizira, mmera umafunika nyengo yozizira zili. Malo abwino akhoza kukhala khonde lotentha. M'nyumba yotentha, zipatso za malalanje zimatha kudwala komanso kufa. Usiku, korona amayenera kuvala nsalu yachilengedwe, yopepuka.

Dothi

Zipatso za citrus sizilekerera nthaka yachilengedwe, dothi liyenera kukhala losalowerera. Dziko lapansi liyenera kumasulidwa nthawi zonse. Makina oyenera akhoza kukhala motere:

• phulusa la nkhuni - ¼ mbali;
• mchenga - gawo limodzi;
• nthaka yowola - magawo awiri;
• humus - ½ gawo.

Zofunika muyenera kupanga kukhetsa (makala, miyala yaying'ono, ndi zina). Zomera zazikulu zimawonjezera dongo laling'ono.

Kuthirira ndi kuthira ndimu chipinda

Mtengo wa mandimu umafunika kuthirira wambiri. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi achilengedwe: matalala, mvula kapena mtsinje. Ngati madzi apampopi agwiritsidwa ntchito, ayenera kukhala wiritsani, tetezani ndi acidize. Izi zipangitsa kuti ikhale yofewa.

M'chilimwe, mbewu kufunika kuthirira madzi ambiri kawiri pa tsiku. Pansi pa duwa likhala ndi mabowo, ndipo dothi liyenera kuyikiridwa bwino, zomwe zimapewetsa chinyezi m'mizu.

M'dzinja, kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa, ndipo nthawi yozizira ndikokwanira kuthiramo madzi kawiri pa sabata. Musaiwale kupotoza mbiya, korona ndi mpweya wozungulira.

Kufunika kwa hydration kungadziwike ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

1. Chipumphu cha dothi lochokera pamaluwa maluwa chimagwera mosavuta m'manja.
2. Ma bores achichepere amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owonekera.
3. Mtambo wachikuda.
4. Masamba a korona amapindika "chubu".
5. Mukadina maluwa, mumamva mawu akulu.

Kuthirira mtengo wamkati kumatengera zinthu izi:

• nthawi ya chaka;
• chinyezi cha mpweya (otsika - nthawi zambiri);
• kutentha (m'munsi kochepera);
• zaka zamtengowu (achichepere, ochepera).

Udindo wofunikira posamalira mtengo wa ndimu ndi kuvala pamwamba. Kuti mbewu zikule bwino ndipo zipatso zake zikule, mbewuyo imafunikira michere. Pakati pa Marichi ndi Okutobala feteleza uyenera kuyikiridwa milungu itatu iliyonse.

Nthawi yomweyo, zowonjezera mchere zimayenera kusinthidwa ndi zina zamafuta. M'chilimwe, feteleza amamuthira nthawi yothirira, nthawi zina - maola awiri atatha kunyowetsa nthaka.

Kufetsa mbewuzo moipa kumakhudza kukula ndi chitukuko, choncho ndibwino kusowa feteleza. M'nyengo yozizira, zipatso za malalanje sizitha kudyetsedwa.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Monga mbewu zonse zakunyumba, mtengo wa mandimu nawonso umatha kugwidwa ndi tizilombo komanso matenda.

Scaffold imawononga masamba. Masamba ali ndi miyeso yozungulira ya brownish, yomwe sikuti imadzipatula pakukonzekera makina. Tizilomboti timatetezedwa ndi chipolopolo cha sera, kotero ma kemikali alibe mphamvu pa khungu.

Pakapita kanthawi, misa yomatira imamasulidwa pamasamba ndipo ngati simutenga zoyenera - Masamba amatembenuka chikasu ndikugwa. Ndikwabwino kuyambitsa ndewu ndi tizilombo nthawi yomweyo. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuyang'ana ma shiti tsiku ndi tsiku, makamaka kuchokera pansi.

Mukapeza majeremusi, tsamba limayenera kuchotsedwa. Pazida zachifumu zomwe zili ponseponse, masamba amayenera kupukutidwa ndi nsalu yofewa yoyikiridwa m'madzi a soapy, kenako ndi yankho la mowa. Ndipo pamapeto pake, masamba amatsatira kuthana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuti mutsimikizire kuchotsedwa kwa mphutsi za tizilombo (ngati zitsalira).

Spider mite

Chomera choopsa kwambiri. Masamba ophimbidwa ang'ono madontho a tint chikasu, pambuyo pake amakhala a bulauni. Kenako masamba amawonekera omwe majeremusi amakhala. Chimawoneka ngati madontho ofiira.

Malo abwino pakukula kwa nthata za kangaude ndi mpweya wouma komanso kutentha kwambiri. Masamba a mbewu adakutidwa ndi "chubu". Tizilombo timafunikira sabata yokha kuti tiziikira mazira.

Matenda amapezeka mlengalenga kapena kuchokera ku mbewu zina. Popeza ndizovuta kuchotsa majeremusi, ndizosavuta kuchita zinthu zotsatirazi kuti musawononge:

• Mtengo wa mandimu uyenera kuyikidwa kutali ndi mbewu zina zapakhomo.
• Kuyendera masamba a korona kuyenera kuchitika tsiku ndi tsiku.
• Pukuta masamba ndi sopo yankho mwezi uliwonse.
• Tsukitsani korona sabata iliyonse mukasamba.

Ngati nsabwe kapena nkhupakupa zikapezeka, utsi wothira: 1 tbsp. l kutsanulira fumbi ndi madzi otentha (1 tbsp), kunena masiku 6. Kabati sopo ochapira ndikuwonjezera kulowetsedwa. Spray kamodzi pa sabata kwa mwezi.

Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa adyo: kudula mutu wa adyo ndikuthira madzi otentha (1 tbsp), chokani kwa maola 48 mu chidebe chomata, chomata. Zovuta. Gwiritsani ntchito mofananamo ndi njira yoyamba.

Pofuna kuthana ndi kangaude, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kukonza mankhwala "Omight" mogwirizana ndi 4 ml pa lita imodzi yamadzi. Spray sabata iliyonse kwa masiku 21. Pali njira zina, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ndizoopsa ndipo ziyenera kugwiridwa ndi magolovesi, kuwonetsetsa kuti mpweya suyenda.

Mtengo wa citrus umatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana ma virus, opatsirana komanso bacteria matenda. Zoyambirira sizingathe kuchiritsidwa. Mpaka zizindikiro zoyambirira zikaonekere, kachilomboka kakhoza kukhala zaka 10. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri okha ndi omwe amatha kudziwa kukhalapo kwake.

Matenda opatsirana

Zovunda. Ikuwoneka bwino pakugwa masamba. Chithandizo: chotsani mtengowo mumphika, tsukitsani mizu bwinobwino, ndikuchotsa ziwunda. Ikani chomera mu chidebe chatsopano chodzaza ndi dothi lapamwamba.

Matendawa Malseco imakhudza mphukira zazing'ono ndipo imatha kupha. Choyamba, malangizowo amadwala, kenako masamba ndi nkhuni. Madera omwe ali ndi odwala amapeza mtundu wa njerwa. Crohn amataya masamba. Tsoka ilo, palibe chithandizo chamankhwala.

Matenda a gummosis. Thunthu limakhudzidwa. Gawo lam'munsi limayamba kusweka pang'onopang'ono ndikubwera ndi ubweya wa bulauni. Ming'alu imakula, madzi amtundu wakuda amamasulidwa. Mtengo umayenda.

Chithandizo: Malo owonongeka gloss pamwamba ndi mkuwa sulfate, ndikazomera chomera kukhala chonde, dothi labwino. Poyambirira, yang'anani mosamala ndikutsuka mizu. Woopsa milandu, hommosis sangathe mankhwala.

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda opatsirana ndi chisamaliro chokwanira chomera chanyumba. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mitundu yonse yazipatso zobala zipatso ndi zokongoletsera zimafunika chisamaliro.

Ngati maupangiri onse ndi malingaliro ake akatsatiridwa, ndimu yokongola yonunkhira bwino imamera m'nyumba mwanu, yomwe ingasangalale ndi zipatso zake kwa zaka zambiri.