Zonse zokhudza kutsitsa

Mbande - wokonza dimba aliyense wodzilemekeza amalima, chifukwa zomwe zimagulitsidwa pamsika nthawi zambiri siziyenera kudalirika. Mbande pamalopo pamakhala zotopetsa, zathanzi komanso zathanzi, koma sizingafanane ndi mitundu yonse yomwe mukufuna, ndipo wogulitsa yemwe ali ndi grin grin amatha kugwirizira motsimikizika pazafunso lililonse. Chifukwa chake tengani pachiwopsezo, bwanji kuchulukana, bwanji kugula "sikudziwika", ndikwabwino kukula mbande ndi manja anu kenako ndikudziyimba nokha, kapena, kudzinyadira nokha. Koma chovuta ndikuti mbande nthawi zambiri zimamera nthawi imeneyo (February-Epulo), pomwe tsiku kunja kwenera kuli kochepa kwambiri, pomwe sill yakum'mwera somwe mumayikapo mabokosi ndi mphukira, sikungapulumutse momwe zinthu ziliri. Pali zowunikira zochepa zowunikira ndipo ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa mwangozi, ndipo chifukwa cha izi pali nyali zosiyanasiyana zakumaso.

Tiyeni tikambirane za momwe tingakulire mbande zapamwamba pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala, nthawi yanji komanso nthawi yayitali bwanji kuyatsa magetsi, omwe ali oyenerera kubzala, ndi zomwe zingagwiritse ntchito pang'ono, ndipo pamapeto pake, tidzagwira mitundu yodalirika komanso yoyesedwa yamitundu yamagulu osiyanasiyana. Tikuwona ngati tikufunika kuthamangitsa mtundu wotsika mtengo, kapena titha kuyang'anira ndi zotsika mtengo komanso zodziwika bwino, koma osagwiranso ntchito. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tipite kudzikoli la kuwala.

Kufunika kowonjezera

Poyamba, tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chake mbande zambiri zimafunikira zowunikira zina?

Kuwala ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakukula mbande. Ngati sipangakhale kuwala pang'ono, ndiye kuti zida zokhala zovuta za chomera sizigwira ntchito bwino, ndipo zingasokoneze mizu ndi gawo la mlengalenga. Zomera zitha kuyamba kufalikira posaka kuwala, kukhazikika, chitetezo chawo chatha kapena pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, ndipo sipadzakhalanso zokambirana za mtundu uliwonse wa mbande kapena mbewu zilizonse, mulimonse momwe zingakhalire.

Tikusungani pompopompo: ngati zenera lanu lili ndi nyali ya mumsewu wowunikira usiku pawindo lawolo, ndikuphimba zenera mwachangu posachedwa, izi zipulumutsa mbewuzo kuti zisasokonekera ndikupereka kuwala kambiri kolowera mbewuzo kuchokera ku nyali yakumbuyo mkati mwa "nthawi" yoyenera. Masana, zojambulazo, ndizofunikira, kuti zizichotsedwa popanda kuyimitsa nyali ngati kuli koyenera.

Kodi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amakhudza bwanji mbande?

Ingodziwa kuti mawonekedwe aliwonse opepuka a kukhazikitsidwa kwathunthu kwa mbande zachikhalidwe chilichonse sikokwanira. Mphamvu pa mbande zokhala ndi zowunikira zowonjezereka ziyenera kuchitika ndi magetsi omwe amatulutsa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino (ndizotheka osati mulu wonse, koma makamaka ndi predominance ya zinthu zake zofunika kwambiri). Pakuwoneka kulikonse, pafupifupi kuwala kulikonse kwamphamvu kumatha kuchita chimodzi kapena china pazomera; palibe gawo loterolo lomwe lingaganizike ngati lopanda ntchito.

Mwachitsanzo, titenge mawonekedwe owala, - zikomo kwa iye, ngakhale mbewu zabwino kwambiri komanso zokonzedwa bwino zimamera mwachangu. Pambuyo pake, mawonekedwe ofiira amawoneka kuti akuwongolera mbewu, imapatsa zenizeni kukula kwakukula ndi chitukuko, imalimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu.

Spectra Blue ndi Purple amatenga nawo gawo pakuchepetsa maselo atsopano, amachititsa chidwi cha mbewu, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa magawidwe amaselo. Ndi kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe a buluu, maselo satambasuka, kusunga mawonekedwe amtundu winawake wa mbewu, motero, ndipo palibe chizolowezi chofuna kutambalala. Mothandizidwa ndi chowoneka ngati ichi, mbewuyo imakhala yolimba komanso yolimba, ndiye kuti imakhala ndi kukula kwamtundu wina. Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa, koma chifukwa cha kutengera kwa kuwala kwa buluu, chodabwitsa monga kutalika kwa mbande kupita kumalo opangira kuwala, kotchedwa Phototropism, chimachepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo mbande zimayenera kutembenuzira zamasiye, ndipo nthawi zina zochepa, mbali inayo.

Ponena za mawonekedwe ngati chikasu komanso zobiriwira, ndiye kuti zotsatira za iwo, ndizachidziwikire, koma ndizochepa, izi zimapangitsa mtundu wa masewera kukhala wolimba, osalola chiwonetserochi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopindulitsa pazomera, chifukwa owonjezera salinso kuphatikiza.

Kukuza mbande.

Kodi ndizofunikira ziti zowunikira zowonjezera?

Nthawi zambiri, zofunikira ndizofunikira nthawi yayitali yowunikira yomwe imapangidwa, kukula kwake komanso kufunikira kwakanthawi panthawi yake.

Ngati tizingolankhula za nthawi, ndiye, mwina, tikuyang'ana kutsogolo, zitha kudziwika kuti tomato amafuna kuwala kwambiri, amakonda kuphika pansi pa nthochi kuyambira maola 15 mpaka 17, koma mbewu monga tsabola, biringanya ndi zina zimakwanira masana, zofanana ndi maola 11-13. Zachidziwikire, ngati tsikulo lili ndi mitambo, kukugwa mvula ndipo zikuwoneka kuti nthawi yamadzulo yafika kale masana, ndibwino kuti musasunge ndikuyatsa magetsi, sizingakhale zowopsa, koma sibwino kuti muwayatse maola onse masana. Kutalika kwake ndi maola 5-6, makamaka osatinso, ndiye kuti, maola a 2 ndi 2,5 madzulo komanso chimodzimodzi m'mawa, motsatana, dzuwa litalowa komanso kutuluka kwa dzuwa.

Ponena za mtunda kuchokera ku nyali yakum'mbuyo kupita kumbewu, nthawi zambiri zimatengera nyaliyo - kaya itenthetsera mpweya. Mwachilengedwe, zing'onozing'onozo, nyalizo zimatha kubweretsedwa, koma kupewa kuyaka. Kusankha kophweka ndikudziwa nyali ndikuwongoletsa mtunda motere - nyali yamphamvu kwambiri, imakhala yayitali mtunda ndi mosemphanitsa.

Kunyumba, mutha kuyeserera kosavuta, ndibwino kuti mupange mtsikana yemwe khungu lake la kanjedza limakhala lozama momwe angathere. Ingobweretserani ku nyali ndikuchotsa mpaka kukhala bwino komanso simukumva zosasangalatsa zilizonse pakhungu lanu, zidzakhala chimodzimodzi kwa mbewu. Koma kachiwiri, mtunda umadalira kwambiri nyali yomwe mumasankha.

Monga tanena kale pamwambapa (kuphimba zenera ndi zojambulazo kuchokera ku nyali ya mumsewu), izi zitha kuchitikanso ndi nyali, kuwongolera kapena kukhazikika kwa magetsi ozungulira pamalo oyenera. Ndipo mudzakhala omasuka - kuunika kochokera ku nyali sikungakusokonezeni ndi maso anu, ndipo mbande ndizabwinoko - kuunika kambiri kudzakugwera. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowonetsera (mwachitsanzo, magalasi), koma yosavuta, yotsika mtengo komanso yothandiza kwambiri ndi zojambulazo zomwe zimagulitsidwa kale.

Ngati muli ndi chipangizo chomwe chingayesere kuchuluka kwa kuwunikira kwa mbande, ndiye kuti izi ndizodabwitsa - moyenera, kuyunikaku kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi 6000 lux ndikusintha pang'ono.

Ndipo musaiwale kuti galasi wamba la zenera silidutsa konse chofunikira kwa mbewu monga ultraviolet, ngati mungathe, osavulaza mbande, tsegulani zenera kuti lisunthidwe ndi dzuwa, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kuchita izi.

Ndi nyali yanji yowunikira mbande kuti isankhe?

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone kuti ndi nyali ziti zomwe ndizothandiza kwambiri mbande, ndi ziti sizingabweretse zotsatira zoyenera, kapena zomwe zingavulaze. Mukamasankha nyali, onetsetsani kuti mwapeza (kuwonjezera pa mtengo, mwachidziwikire, ndi magwiridwe ake) mphamvu yakuwala kwakaphatikizidwe ndi nyali, chiwonetsero chomwe chimatuluka, ndi kuyikira kwa magetsi. Ndikwabwino ngati nyali yomwe mumayitcha kuti “kuyika maso” itakhala ndi chiwonetsero chokhazikitsidwa chomwe chimapezeka mkati mwa nyali (ngakhale ndizovomerezeka kuchokera kunja, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti chilipo), ndiye kuti pali zina zomwe zingapangidwe, mwina sikuyenera konse.

Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiyambire ndi kufotokozera komwe mwina kumakhala kofala kwambiri nyali zama fluorescent. Amadziwika mosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, ndi "nyali za fluorescent" kapena chidule cha LBT, kapenanso kufupikirako kuposa LB. Ndi maubwino otani amitundu iyi yamtunduwu - izi, ndizachidziwikire, kuposa mtengo wawo wotsika; Kuphatikiza apo, nyali zotere sizimawotcha mpweya ndipo ndizosavuta kukhazikitsa, kuchotsa, kusintha, zomwe zimatha kupangitsa munthu kukhala pafupifupi kubwerera kulikonse.

Palinso zovuta zina - iyi ndi mphamvu yocheperako ya magetsi oterowo, polumikizira momwe muyenera kukhazikitsira zidutswa zitatu kapena zinayi pachingwe chocheperako chokhala ndi mbande, ndipo, kuwonjezera apo, mtengo wokwera kwambiri wama nyali ngati uyu: "mita ikutsikira" kuchuluka kwabwino. Koma izi sizokwanira zonse: mawonekedwe owala ofiira omwe amawerengedwa ndi nyali zotere ndi ochepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyiyika motalikirana pafupifupi 20-25 masentimita kuchokera kumbewu ndikukulunga zonse mu foil kuti pasawonongeke chithunzi chimodzi cha mawonekedwe ofiira.

Pali mitundu ina ya nyali za fluorescent, pano samalani - ndizovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito LBT ndi LB, koma LD ndi LDC ndizosavomerezeka, kuunika kochokera kumiyala yotere (kutanthauza, LD ndi LDC) kupondereza mbande.

Mtundu wotsatira wa nyali ndi phytolamp, kapena kuposa, mwina, nyali za phytoluminescent zomwe zimadziwika kwa ife (monga momwe amalemba nthawi zambiri pamatayala). Ubwino apa ndi maubwino awo owonekera, monga phindu ndi kuchita bwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ma phytolamp ndi ochepa kukula, amagwira ntchito nthawi yayitali kwambiri, ndipo ndi chisamaliro choyenera amakhala osangokhala gawo limodzi, koma kwa nyengo zingapo, kuphatikiza apo, nyali zotere ndizotetezeka kwathunthu.

Pakati pa ma phytolamp pali nyali zamagalasi, mwachitsanzo, Enrich imalengezedwa kwambiri, yomwe imapereka mawonekedwe owala omwe samakhudza mitsempha ya maso. Komanso nyali yomwe siziwonjezera kutulutsa mbande ngakhale yogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali ndi Fitosvet-D. Nyali zotere, maawa, zili ndi zovuta, mawonekedwe ake amagetsi amaoneka ofanana ndi kuwala kwa lilac-pinki, komwe kuwunikira komwe kumayang'ana kwambiri mbewu kumafunika, chifukwa kuwala koteroko kumakhumudwitsa anthu ambiri.

Mndandanda wotsatira wa nyali ndi nyali za sodiummwachitsanzo, Reflax; Pali mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu, kutengera kutengera kapangidwe kake (nthawi zambiri mtengo wake umatengera kupezeka kwa chosakanizira). Chifukwa chake, kusinthika mtengo kwambiri ndi chiwonetsero ndi DNA3, ili ndi chowunikira chowoneka bwino kwambiri chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wowongolera kuwala kolowera mbali yoyenera, koma njira yachiwiri ndiyotsika mtengo - ndi DNAT, ilibe mawonekedwe owonetsera galasi, ndipo muyenera kudzipanga nokha.

Kodi maubwino otere ndi chiyani? Zotsika mtengo kwenikweni, kuthamanga kwambiri, kuphatikiza chifukwa nyali zotere zimatha mphamvu zochepa. Mwinanso kuphatikiza kwakukulu ndikuthekeka kopanga chiwonetsero chazowunikira cha kuwala kowoneka bwino kwa mbewu, ndipo, mwachiwonekere, ndikusamalira mosamala, nyali zotere zimakhala kupitilira nyengo yoposa umodzi. Ma radiation omwe nyaliyi imatuluka ndi maso athu imadziwika kuti ndi lalanje, wachikaso, sizimakwiyitsa mitsempha ya diso konse ndipo "sizikhudza mitsempha."

Nyali za LED, pamtengo ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, koma ndikhulupirireni, ngati nyali ili yofooka, ndiye kuti imalipira msanga kwambiri. Moyo wa nyali yokhala ndi chisamaliro choyenera umawerengeredwa pafupifupi khumi, ndipo nthawi zina zambiri, zaka, ngakhale mutagwiritsa ntchito nyali tsiku lonse, ndiye kuti, maola 24. Nyali zotere ndizachuma kwambiri komanso zimadya kangapo (katatu ndi theka, kukhala zenizeni) mphamvu zochepa kuposa magetsi. Nyali za LED ndizoyenera kubzala mbande chifukwa chakuwala kwambiri komanso mwamphamvu ngakhale mumtambo, mu mawonekedwe awo mumakhala chokwanira, chobiriwira, ndi zina zonse zofunika.

Mwa zina, nyali zotere ndizochepa kwambiri, sizitenga malo ambiri, zimayikidwa mwachangu kwambiri ndipo ngakhale pamalo ochepa kwambiri mutha kuyika magetsi ambiri a LED, ndikupititsa patsogolo kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake.

Kodi nyale za incandescent zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyatsa mbande?

Nditatha kufotokozera za nyali zodziwika bwino komanso zoyenera kwambiri kuti mbande zikule, ndikufuna kuti ndisokonezeke pang'ono ndikulankhula zolakwa zomwe wamaluwa amalakwitsa, ndikunyalanyaza malangizo onse omwe amalima masamba odziwa zambiri, ndikuyesera, pogwiritsa ntchito nyali wamba, kuti mukule mbande zonse.

Okondedwa wamaluwa, sizingatheke kukwanitsa mbande zapamwamba, zokhwima bwino zomwe zimakhala ndi chitetezo chokhazikika chogwiritsa ntchito nyali zofanana za incandescent. Kuphatikiza apo, mudzawononga ndalama zochulukirapo kulipira magetsi, popeza mababu oterowo amawononga zochuluka zake, ndikuganiza izi: malinga ndi asayansi aposachedwa, ndi 4.68% yokha yamphamvu yonse yomwe iwatulutse ndi yowunikira, ndipo kuposa 95% ndi wamba. kutentha; titha kunena kuti bulb wopepuka woterewu ndi chotenthetsera chaching'ono, ndipo ndizosavuta kuwotcha mbande nacho. Koma sizokhazi: izi 4.68% za kuwala kwathunthu sizikugwirizana ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino wa mbande; komanso kuti mbande zitha "kuyatsidwa", ndipo osatinso zochepa, zochepa.

Kodi mungayimire bwanji kuyang'ana kumbuyo?

Chifukwa chake, tidazindikira kuti sizikupanga nzeru kugwiritsa ntchito nyali wamba, ndibwino kugula magetsi omwe ali ndi mphamvu pazomera, koma osadziwa kuyika. Njira yosavuta ndiyoti apange kachuni kakang'ono pamwamba pa kabati kapena zojambulira ndi mbande ndikuyika zida zoyikiratu ndi kuyala kwanyali. Mipiringidzo yamtunduwu iyenera kukhala yamatabwa, kuti, ngati zingatheke, ifupikitsidwe, titi, zikakhala kuti nyaliyo ndi yokwera kwambiri - kungoyimitsa mbali zofanana.

Mtunda woyenera

Mwa njira, popeza tikulankhula za mtunda, ziyenera kutengera mwachindunji nthawi yomwe mbewuzo zikukula. Mwachitsanzo, mutabzala, mutha kupanga mtunda kupita ku nyali (ngati si nyali ya incandescent, yomwe tidasankha kuti tisamagwiritse ntchito konse) ofanana ndi mainchesi 12-16, ndipo mukamakula, mubweretseni kutalika kwa nyali pamasentimita 20-25.

Kutalika kwa nthawi

Tanena pamwambapa kuti phwetekere imakonda kuwala koposa zonse - maola 15-17, ocheperako - tsabola, biringanya ndi mbewu zina - maola 11-13. Koma apa nyengo kunja kwenera kuyenera kukumbukiridwa. Tikukumbukizaninso kuti ngati kuli mitambo, ndiye kuti kuwalaku kuyimitsidwa masana, ndipo ngati kukuwoneka bwino m'chipindacho pambuyo pake, ndiye kuti simunamugwiritse ntchito. Ngati, mukayatsa nyali yakumbuyo, palibe chomwe chimasintha, ndiye kuti pali kuwala kokwanira ndipo mutha kuyimitsa kuwala.

Monga nthawi zonse, tikudikirira upangiri wanu, mwina wina agwiritse ntchito zitsanzo zina zamafuta am'mbuyo ndikulandila mbande zabwino. Tikukhulupirira kuti upangiri womwe wafotokozera mu malingaliro ndiwofunika kwambiri kwa owerenga athu ndipo udzakwaniritsa chithunzichi.