Ukadaulo waulimi wa peonies. Gawo 3: Chisamaliro

• Ukadaulo waulimi wa peonies Gawo 1: Kusankha ndikukonzekera malo oti mubzale
• Ukadaulo waulimi wa peonies. Gawo 2: Kukulitsa
• Ukadaulo waulimi wa peonies. Gawo 3: Chisamaliro

Ndikakonzekera bwino dothi pobzala maenje kapena zitunda, tchire zazing'ono zimakonda kukhazikika zaka ziwiri popanda kuvala muzu ndi feteleza wopangira mchere. Amangofunika kupalira kokha, kumasula ndi kuthirira. Mumasuleni dothi mozungulira tchire: pafupi ndi chitsamba mpaka akuya masentimita 5 - 7, kutalika kwa 20 - 25 masentimita kuchokera pamenepo - mwa masentimita 10-15. Ndi kumasula pafupipafupi, mulch wosanjika bwino wa mulch amapanga pafupifupi panthaka yonse, kuteteza chinyezi kuti chisaguke kuchokera pansi. . Zimathetsa kufunika kothirira pafupipafupi nyengo yadzuwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kumasula pafupipafupi kumathandizira kuchepetsa udzu. Ndikofunika kumasula dothi mvula ikagwa komanso kuthirira kwambiri kuti tipewe kutumphuka.

M'chaka choyamba mutabzala, gawo la mlengalenga limakhala laling'ono ndipo limakhala lalitali pafupifupi masentimita 15 mpaka 25. Panthawi imeneyi, mizu imayamba kukula, koma mofooka imayamba michere (nayitrogeni - N, phosphorous - P, potaziyamu - K) pomwe kuvala muzu ndi feteleza wachilengedwe. Pakadali pano pakupanga mbewu, kuvala kopanda mizu sikothandiza, komwe michere imayamwa masamba. Zochitika zimawonetsa kuti ndizomveka kuchita zovomerezeka zitatu zotsatirazi ndi gawo la masiku 10-15:

• chovala choyambirira ndi 40-50 g wa urea (urea) pa 10 l yamadzi mukangoyamba kumene kukula kwa mlengalenga;
• lachiwiri kudya - 40 - 50 g wa urea ndi kuwonjezera piritsi la kufufuza zinthu 10 malita a madzi;
• wachitatu pamwamba kuvala - mapiritsi awiri a kufufuza zinthu mu 10 malita a madzi.

Kavalidwe kabwino kwambiri kamene mumapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chopopera mbewu m'munda. Ndikwabwino kupopera mankhwalawa. Kuti tinyowetse masamba onse mu magawo 10 a yankho, onjezani supuni imodzi yosamba ufa. Pakudya kwachiwiri komanso kwachitatu, ndikofunikira kuthirira ana m'minda yokhazikika ndi yankho la sodium humate kuti muthandizire kukulitsa mizu. (5 g pa 10 l a madzi) kapena heteroauxin (mapiritsi 2 pa 10 l a madzi). Ngati masamba apezeka patchire patatha zaka ziwiri mutabzala, amachotsedwa kuti mbewu zisamalize kuchuluka kwa michere pa maluwa, koma pitilizani kukulitsa mizu.

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Pofika chaka chachitatu mutabzala, tchire limamera, zimayambira 10-15, zimayamba kuphuka kwambiri. Pakadali pano, kuvala nthawi zonse muzu ndi feteleza wa mchere kumafunika. Mu nthawi yachilimwe-nthawi yachilimwe, amachitika osachepera atatu. Nthawi zonse, kuthyola tchire ndi michere sikofunikira, chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira Mlingo wa kuvala pamwamba ndi nthawi ya kukhazikitsa kwawo.

Makampani ogulitsa amapanga zinthu zopitilira 30 za nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potashi ndi feteleza wovuta. Nthawi zambiri zimalimbikitsidwa kuti mupange feteleza wokwanira molingana ndi magalamu a zinthu zonse pachitsamba cha zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Kwa mbewu zaka zoposa zisanu ndi ziwiri, mlingo wa umuna umachulukitsidwa. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimamveka ngati kuchuluka kwa zinthu zofunika (nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu) mu feteleza uyu. Pamaphukusi a feteleza omwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo, chidziwitsochi chimaperekedwa. Chiwerengero cha zomwe zimagwira popanga feteleza wambiri zimaperekedwa pa Zakumapeto 1.

Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa feteleza, ngati upangiri waperekedwa mu magalamu a zinthu zomwe mukugwazo, zitha kuchitidwa molingana ndi kachitidwe kotsatira:

N = 100D / E,

• komwe H ndiye kuchuluka kwa feteleza, magalamu;
• D - kuchuluka kwake kwa zinthuzo pakudya, magalamu a chinthu chogwira ntchito;
• E - zomwe zalembedwazo mu feteleza (zomwe zikuwonetsedwa phukusi), peresenti.

Mwachitsanzo, pachitsamba chimodzi muyenera kuwonjezera 15 g ya potaziyamu ndi ntchito yogwira. Famu ili ndi potaziyamu sulfate yokhala ndi potaziyamu wokhala ndi 45%. Werengeni:

H = 100 X 15/45 = 33g.

Chifukwa chake, 33 g ya potaziyamu sulfate iyenera kuwonjezeredwa pachitsamba chimodzi.

Kuti mupange bwino tchire la peony ndikupeza maluwa apamwamba kwambiri, kuvala koyambirira kwa nayitrogeni-potaziyamu ndikofunikira kwambiri: nayitrogeni 10-15 g, potaziyamu 10 - 20 g yogwira ntchito pachitsamba chilichonse. Manyowa pa chisanu chosungunuka kapena ikangotuluka, kukonkha mozungulira chitsamba kapena kutsekeka poyambira. Feteleza wosungunuka ndi madzi osungunuka amafika kumizu. Kufalitsa feteleza, yesetsani kuti musakhale pachitsamba cha chitsamba.

Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba chimachitika munthawi yophukira: nayitrogeni 8-10 g, phosphorous 15 - 20 g ndi potaziyamu 10-15 g yogwira ntchito pachitsamba chilichonse. Cholinga chachikulu cha chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba ndikupeza maluwa abwino.

Chovala chachitatu chapamwamba chimachitidwa masabata awiri pambuyo maluwa. Mulinso: phosphorous - 15-20 g, potaziyamu - 10-15 g yogwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza kumalimbikitsa mapangidwe akulu a masamba opatsanso mphamvu, kudziunjikira kwamizu m'mizu, potero kumapereka maluwa ambiri chaka chikubwerachi. Ndikofunika kupanga feteleza mwanjira yothetsera - kwathunthu osaposa 60-70g wa feteleza pa 10l yamadzi. Nthawi zambiri, umuna umaphatikizidwa ndi kuthirira. Feteleza wouma ungagwiritsidwe ntchito poyambira musanamwe madzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu awa komanso kuphatikiza micronutrient foraar - piritsi limodzi kapena awiri pa 10 malita a madzi.

Masamba a peony amakhala ndi masamba ambiri, motero amatulutsa chinyezi chambiri. Kamodzi masiku asanu ndi atatu kapena khumi amafunikira kuthirira - ndowa zitatu kapena zinayi zamadzi pachitsamba chilichonse. Kuthirira ndikofunikira makamaka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, munthawi yogwira komanso kuphukira, m'chigawo chachiwiri cha chilimwe (Julayi - kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti), ndikofunikira pakapangidwanso kwatsopano kwa impso. Mukathirira, ndikofunikira kumasula dothi mozungulira tchire kuti tisungidwe chinyezi mkati mwake.

Ngati malo obzala sanakololedwe, ndi bwino kuthilira mu nkhokwe ndi akuya masentimita 15, okonzedwa motalikirana ndi 20 - 25 cm kuchokera ku chitsamba. Kwa mbewu zakale, zokhala zokulirapo, mtunda uwu umachulukitsidwa kotero kuti madzi amalowa mu gawo la mizu yachinyamata. Kuthirira m'mathambwala kumatha kuchitika nthawi ina iliyonse masana, koma ndi bwino madzulo ndi usiku, pomwe madziwo amatuluka pang'ono ndipo madzi ambiri amalowetsedwa m'nthaka. Mutha kukhala mutakonza maluwa pakati pa tchire, kusiya thumba pakati pa mbewu usiku ndikutsegula madzi kuti mitsinje yake ikhale yofooka ndipo singasinthe mizu yake.

Pamwamba kuthirira kuchokera kuthirira ndowa kumachitika nthawi zambiri, ndipo nyengo yotentha - tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndikwabwino kusagwiritsa ntchito kuthirira kuchokera kwa owaza, chifukwa matenda a bowa amatha kuyamba chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito. Pak maluwa, njira yothirirayi nthawi zambiri imakhala yosavomerezeka, popeza maluwawo amayamba kunyowa, kulowa pansi, mawanga amawoneka, makamaka owoneka bwino.

Kuti mupeze maluwa akuluakulu mukamadulira kapena kudulira toyesa, ndikofunikira kuti azipeza tsinde pang'ono akafika kukula kwa mtola. Mukasiya masamba, ndiye kuti maluwa amakulitsidwa kwambiri ndipo kukongoletsa tchire kumakulanso.

Mukadyetsa tchire la peony pazaka 8-15, kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa mchere kumachulukitsidwa nthawi imodzi ndi theka poyerekeza ndi tchire tating'ono. Kudzidyetsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, komwe kumakonzedwa motere, kumapereka zotsatira zabwino munthawi imeneyi: mullein watsopano amaikidwa mu mbiya pa ndowa imodzi pa mabatani 10 amadzi kapena ndowa za mbalame - ndowa imodzi yamadzi okwanira 20. 400-500 g ya superphosphate imawonjezeredwa osakaniza ndikutsalira mu barrel kwa masiku 10-12 kuti nayonso mphamvu, pambuyo pake imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuchepetsedwa kawiri musanagwiritse ntchito (0.5 ndowa ya slurry pa ndowa 0,5 ya madzi). Kutsetsedwako kumadyetsedwa kamodzi - mkati mwa maluwa - m'maluwa akuzama masentimita 10-15, opangidwa mozungulira patchire mtunda wa 20 - 25 cm, mulingo woyenda - chidebe chimodzi cha osakaniza pachitsamba chilichonse. Zakudya zamadzimadzi pachikoswe sizivomerezeka.

Pakapanda feteleza wachilengedwe, ndizosavuta kuzikonzera kuchokera kumera udzu, nsonga, ndi zinyalala zakukhitchini. Chidebe chilichonse chimadzazidwa ndi theka ndi misa iyi, yodzazidwa ndi madzi ndikuphimbidwa ndi chivindikiro (pofuna kupewa kufalitsa fungo losasangalatsa). Pakudyetsa, madzi omwe amatsalawo amatsalira masiku asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri, kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi pamlingo wa malita 2 amadzi pa malita 10 amadzi, madzi omwewo.

Mwa mitundu yambiri ya ma imperspecific hybrids ndi peony officinalis, nthawi yofananira yolima bwino malo amodzi sichidutsa zaka 10-12. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamaluwa owuluka bwino, malinga ndi zomwe tawona, ngakhale atabzala bwino zaka 15, amayamba kukalamba, maluwa awo akuipiraipira, maluwa amakula ang'onoang'ono, masamba ambiri satseguka konse, mphukira zimayamba kuchepera. Ichi ndi chifukwa chosakwanira kudya kwa mizu, yomwe pofika nthawi ino imapita kukuya kwa 1 m. Chifukwa chake, kuvala kwapamwamba pamwambo sikupereka zotsatira.

Kubwezeretsa kutulutsa kwamtundu wathunthu wa ma peonies a m'badwo uno kungakhale motere. Pambuyo pakudya koyamba pa chisanu chosungunuka, pomwe michere imalowera pakuya ndikuzama kusungunuka, zitsime zinayi 30 mpaka 40 cm zimapangidwa mozungulira chitsamba mtunda wa 20 - 25 cm ndi dimba kuti kubowola 120 mm mulifupi. . Kachiwiri, kuthirira kambiri koma pang'onopang'ono kumafunikira zitsime kuti feteleza asungunuke ndikufikira mizu yakuya. Kuti zitsime sizotsekedwa ndi dothi, mutha kuyika tizigawo ting'onoting'ono ta mapaipi oyika simenti okhala ndi mabowo mkati mwake kapena matanda a nthambi zoonda zouma.

Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba chimachitika nthawi ya budding, kutengera 25-30 g ya nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu ndi chinthu chogwira ntchito. Kapangidwe ka kavalidwe kapamwamba kachitatu ndikofanana ndi kachiwiri, ndikuyendetsa koyambirira kwa maluwa, popeza ndi nthawi imeneyi pomwe mbewu zimafunikira chakudya chochuluka. Pambuyo pa maluwa a pion, 15-20 g wa phosphorous ndi 10-12 g ya potaziyamu amawonjezedwa pachitsime chilichonse chogwira, kenako amathiriridwa. Kachitidwe kochulukitsa kameneka kanathandiza olemba kuti alandire maluwa okwanira 50 odzaza pachitsamba ali ndi zaka 20 - 25.

Kupangitsa kuyamba kwa maluwa peonies masiku 12 mpaka 15 m'mbuyomu kuposa masiku onse, wolemba maluwa waku Moscow L. N. Sokolov akuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito chithunzi. Kuti muchite izi, gawo la 4 X4 m kukula kwake, lomwe lili ndi tchire lofika 25 la mankhwala, limakutidwa ndi filimu kumayambiriro koyambirira kwa Epulo, atamaliza matalala. Malo obiriwira ndi chingwe cholumikizidwa ndi makoma mbali 90 cm, mpaka 150 masentimita motsatira mzere. chitseko chimapangidwa, china - zenera la mpweya wabwino.

Kanemayo padenga amatha kudulidwira kumtunda, ndipo m'makoma m'mbali - kukulani masentimita 30 mmwamba kuti mpweya wabwino. Njira yodyetsera ndiyofala. Njira zodzitetezera polimbana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, zomwe zimagwira makamaka pazovuta kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri, ndizofunikira kwambiri. Masana, matenthedwe sayenera kupitirira 20 - 25 ° C. Pamene kunja kukuzizira, ikani filimuyo kuti ikawonetse masana. Pomaliza, amachotsedwa usiku, kutentha kwokhazikika kumakhazikitsidwa. Nthawi imeneyi, tchire lanyumba limakula kale, ndipo maluwa akuyamba.

Mwambiri, tchire pazaka zakubadwa zitatu ndi zokulirapo panthawi yamaluwa timafuna kukhazikitsa kwa othandizira. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamitundu yambiri yofalikira kwambiri, maluwa akuluakulu komanso olemera omwe sangathe kulephera, ngakhale ndimitengo yamphamvu, akuyamba kutsikira pansi. Zomalizirazo zimachulukirachulukira nthawi yamvula komanso pamphepo yamphamvu. Zotsatira zake, maluwawo amakhala odetsedwa ndipo amataya kukongoletsa kwawo, posakhala oyenera kuwonetsedwa komanso kugulitsidwa.

Ndikwabwino kuyika zogwirizira pasadakhale - masiku asanu ndi awiri mpaka khumi musanakhale maluwa. Ndikosavuta kupanga mabwalo okhala ndi masentimita 50 -80 kuchokera pa waya wokhala ndi mulifupi wa 4-5 mm, atakwezedwa ndodo zitatu 1 mita kutalika kuchokera pa waya womwewo.

M'malo mwa mphete yachitsulo, mutha kutenga machubu apulasitiki okhala ndi mulifupi wa 8-10 mm ndikuwakulunga ndikunyentchera pamwamba pa ndodo. Zothandizira zotere, zojambula za masamba, sizowoneka bwino ndipo sizimachepetsa kukongola kwa malowo. Thandizo liyenera kukhala lokwera masentimita 50 mpaka 70 kuchokera pansi.

Ndikofunikira kusankha mainchesi a mphete kutengera zaka komanso kukula kwa chitsamba kuti zimayambira zimapezeka momasuka mkati mwake. Izi zimathandiza kupewa matenda oyamba ndi fungus pachitsamba, kuthandizira kudula kwamaluwa.

Pamapeto maluwa, thandizo limatha kuchotsedwa, osadulidwa maluwa okhazikika ndi phesi 10-15 cm. Izi sizingachepetse kuchuluka kwa chitsamba chobiriwira, koma zikuthandizira kusintha kwa mizu ndikupanga masamba opatsanso mphamvu.