Makonda a maluwa

Mtengowo udazindikira koyamba ndi katswiri wazomera D. Hooker, pomwe mu 1818 adatumizira uthenga wabwino ku Spain mu 1818, ndipo a Cattleya spongiformis adamugwiritsa ntchito ngati chokutira. Ndani angaganize kuti duwa lomwe panthawiyo limalandiridwa mosakongola mwina ndiye maluwa otchuka kwambiri m'nyumba zathu!

Gawo lililonse limakhala ndi njira yapadera.

Zomera zomwe ndimakonda kwambiri m'nyumba ndi maluwa. Mukayang'ana momwe chipindacho chikuzimiriramo masamba ndi maluwa awo, ngati kuti mumatengedwa kupita ku mayiko akunja, kudziko lakwawo - kumvula yamvula. Cattleya ali ndi malo apadera pakati pa ma orchid, omwe ndimakhala nawo ambiri.

Ndikosavuta kusamalira ng'ombe - chinthu chachikulu ndikukumbukira kuti mitundu iliyonse imafunikira njira yapadera. Kupatula apo, mitundu ya Cattleya imasiyana osati mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa maluwa ndi masamba, komanso nthawi yotulutsa, matalala komanso kutentha kwa kukonza.

© Dalton Holland Baptista

Timatsogozedwa ndi masamba

Kuyambira pamalopo. Ichi ndi chomera chachikulu kwambiri, chimakonda kuyatsa kowala, makamaka mu kasupe ndi chilimwe. Mwa ng'ombe, ndidatsimikiza malo pamazenera akum'mwera, koma sindingaiwale kuti ndiziwasunthira dzuwa.

Mwambiri, kuti mumvetsetse ngati ali ndi kuwala kokwanira, ingoyang'anani masamba: akhale oyenera kubiriwira, kumene, osapsa.

Ndibwinonso kusamalira kutalika kwa nthawi ya masana, chifukwa ngati kumatenga nthawi yotalikirapo kuposa maola 10, Cattleya limamasula kwambiri. Koma apa, inunso, muyenera kulingalira ndi zodabwitsa za mitunduyo.

Kutentha kwabwinobwino

Cattleya amakula bwino, ndipo makamaka limamasuwa, ndikusintha kwa kutentha. Zitha kupangidwanso zopanga - kusiyanasiyana kwa kutentha masana ndi nthawi yausiku kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 5-7 °. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yachilimwe, mitundu yambiri imakhala yabwino kutentha kutentha kwa pafupifupi 22-28 ° masana ndi pafupifupi 17 ° usiku. M'nyengo yozizira, pakakhala nyengo yofundira, kutentha kumatsika mpaka 16-18 ° masana ndi 12 ° usiku. Koma kumbukirani, sikuyenera kugwera pansi kuphatikiza 10 °! Koma izi, kachiwiri, sizikugwira ntchito ku mitundu yonse. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya zipatso zam'mapiri, monga Cattleya Bowring, imamva bwino pakatentha kwambiri: 22-24 ° nthawi yachilimwe, ndi 10-12 ° nthawi yachisanu.

Cattleya amadzimva bwino mchipindacho ngati mikhalidwe yokhala m'ndende ili pafupi kwambiri ndi zachilengedwe momwe zingathere. Mwachitsanzo, kudziko lakwawo kumagwa mvula nthawi zambiri masana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndibwino kuthilira nthawi imeneyi. Zomwezi zimagwiranso ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa - m'mawa ndi madzulo zimatsimikizira kutayika kwa mame.

Mukayang'ana ku Cattleya osiyanasiyana, maso amangothamanga - kodi angasankhe bwanji? Komabe, chifukwa m'chilengedwe muli mitundu 65 ya maluwa amenewa. Ndipo popeza adakondana ndi alimi a maluwa, obereketsa adabzala mitundu yoposa chikwi. Tidzangotchula ochepa, odziwika kwambiri.

• Cattleya-toni ziwiri (Cattleya bicotor): Msinkhu - 30-60 masentimita. Maluwa - mainchesi pafupifupi 10cm, amtundu wonyezimira, ofiira, ofiirira. Maluwa - yophukira-yozizira.
• Cattleya Bowringiana: Msinkhu - mpaka masentimita 30-70. Maluwa - m'mimba mwake masentimita 5-7, pinki, lofiirira, mlomo wofiirira wokhala ndi malo achikaso. Maluwa - yophukira-yozizira.
• Cattleya Trianaei: Kutalika - mpaka masentimita 50. Maluwa - m'mimba mwake 15-20 cm, oyera-pinki, rasipiberi wowala bwino ndi malire oyera. Maluwa - yozizira-masika.
• Cattleya Forbesii (Cattleyanqesii): Msinkhu -10-20 masentimita. Maluwa - mainchesi 10 cm, olive wobiriwira, wobiriwira, wobiriwira, mlomo woyera wokhala ndi pachimake. Maluwa - chilimwe-yophukira.
• Cattleya dowiana: Kutalika - mpaka masentimita 25. Maluwa - m'mimba mwake 15 masentimita, chikasu chowoneka, milomo ya rasipiberi-wofiirira wokhala ndi mitsempha yachikasu. Maluwa - chilimwe-yophukira.

Madzi ndi kudyetsa

Chofunika kwambiri kwa maluwa amenewa ndi chinyezi chachikulu. M'chipinda momwe ng'ombe zimakuliramo, ziyenera kukhala zosachepera 60%. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito thireyi yapadera yokhala ndi miyala yonyowa. M'chilimwe, mmera umafunika kuthirira wambiri (pafupifupi kawiri pa sabata) komanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kangapo patsiku. Mukugwa, ndimachepetsa kuthirira, ndipo nthawi yozizira, pakakhala nthawi yopumula, ndimakhala malo owuma pang'ono. Sindiyiwala za kudyetsa. Panthawi yogwira, kukula kwa masamba ndi maluwa, ndimadyetsa Cattleya kawiri pa sabata ndi feteleza wama orchid.

Sitimangonyamula zosafunikira

Cattleya sakonda kuziika, kotero izi siziyenera kuchitika kenanso kamodzi pakapita zaka 2-3. Cholinga chake chitha kukhala kuwumbidwa kwa gawo lapansi: imayamba kuumba, yowawasa, kapena mizu, yomwe yakula pafupi ndi pseudobulbs, imakhala yotalika kwambiri kotero kuti kusinthika ndikofunikira.

Timakonza gawo lapansi kuchokera ku peat, sphagnum moss ndikuwonjezera zidutswa za makungwa a pine. Kapena ingopita kumalo ogulitsira maluwa ndikugula osakaniza a orchid.

Ikani ng'ombe mosamala, kusamala kuti zisawononge mizu. Musaiwale kupanga ngalande yabwino.

Sikuti aliyense amapuma

Ndatchulapo nthawi yowerengera ya Cattleya kangapo, koma ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kuti kuchokera ku mitundu yonse imapezeka nthawi imodzi. Mwanjira zina, matalala amapezeka kawiri pachaka (isanayambe kapena kutulutsa maluwa), koma pali mitundu yomwe imapezeka. Chifukwa chake, musanayambitse maluwa okongola awa kunyumba, musaiwale kuzolowera mawonekedwe a mitundu, ndipo kumbukirani kuti aliyense wa iwo amafunikira njira imodzi.

Zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito:

• L. N. Gorozheeva, Vichug, Chigawo cha Ivanovo