Adiantum amadziwika kuti fern wautali. Dzinalo la banja la Adiant lidachokera ku mawu achi Greek ndipo, kwenikweni, amatanthauza "osati kunyowa." Mtengowo udalandira dzinali chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amasamba kuti atembenuzire madzi. Chifukwa chake, chinyezi chikayamba kugundika, madontho amataya pansi osanyowetsa pansi.
Fern uyu amakula makamaka kumapazi kwa mitsinje yamadzi, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje kapena mitsinje yoyenda m'miyala kapena m'mapiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake adiantum imapezeka kwambiri ku Crimea, Caucasus, America, Asia ndi Africa.
Mowoneka, ndimtchire wokhala ndi herbaceous wokhala ndi ma rhizomes owongoka komanso masamba oyenda. Tsinde lobisika lamtundu wa adiantum limakutidwa ndi mamba a bulauni, ndipo pamwamba pake (zokwawa) zili ndi masamba a cirrus. Masamba ngati amenewo amawoneka ngati nthenga, okhala ndi mawonekedwe. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, ndipo masamba amtunduwo ndi odera komanso amtambo. Zomera zina za banja la Adiant, masamba a ana amapangidwa pamasamba.
Mutha kukula ngati fern wamuyaya mu wowonjezera kutentha komanso kunyumba.
Samalira adiantum kunyumba
Malo ndi kuyatsa
Chomera chamtunduwu ndi cha mitundu yomwe sichimakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma mumithunzi imakhala yabwino. Chifukwa chake, pokonzekera "bwenzi lobiriwira" lalitali chonchi, ndikofunikira kusankha zenera kumpoto kapena kum'mawa, komwe dzuwa lotentha silingagwere. Komanso, adiantum sakonda kusunthidwa pafupipafupi ndikusinthidwa kukhala pamalo ake. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusankha malo oyenera kwa iye ndikuyesera kuti musasunthire mphika popanda chosowa china.
Kutentha
Ma Adiantums ndizodzala kwathunthu. Komabe, sakonda kutentha ndipo amakonda kuzizira kwambiri. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri ndi 15-20 ° C. M'chilimwe, ngati mukufuna, mutha kuchotsa fernyo, komabe sikulimbikitsidwa kuti kutentha kwambiri kupitirire 22 ° C. Komanso chomera ichi sichimalola fumbi komanso utsi wa ndudu.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Adiantum amakonda mpweya wonyowa komanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, makamaka chilimwe. Mpweya wouma umasokoneza thanzi la mbewu. M'miyezi yozizira, amayenera kuthiridwa magazi nthawi zonse, koma madziwo ayenera kukhala otentha. Komabe, ngati kutentha kwa chipinda kumakhala kotsika kuposa koyenera, ndibwino kuti tisanyowetse fern kuti fumbi lisawonekere.
Kuthirira
Kutsirira kuyeneranso kukhala kwachizolowezi. M'chilimwe, adiantums amakonda kumiza thupi lonse m'madzi (mumphika). Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala lodzaza bwino ndikuwala. Ndikofunika kuti osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawo ndikatha njirayi kuti mulole chinyezi chambiri kuti zichoke. Madzi akatha, madziwo amawayika.
M'nyengo yozizira, fern amathiriridwa madzi kutengera kutentha mu chipinda ndi chinyezi. Ngati dziko lapansi likufuna kuthirira, ndiye kuti liyenera kuchitika, koma kokha ndi madzi ofunda komanso ochulukirapo.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
M'miyezi yotentha, adiantum iyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi zosakaniza zapadera zamadzimadzi zamaluwa amkati. M'nyengo yozizira, kudyetsa sikuyenera kukhala.
Dothi
Mukabzala ndikuyika ma ferns, ndikofunikira kuganizira kuti adiantum imakula bwino m'madothi omasuka komanso acidic opangidwa ndi humus. Kuti mupange bwino zosakaniza pobzala, ndikofunikira kutenga mchenga, peat, turf ndi nthaka yamasamba ofanana, ndikuphatikizanso makala ochepa.
Thirani
Kuyika kumachitika mchaka, monga nthawi yabwino kwambiri ya adiantum. Mizu yabwino, yowola imadulidwa, koma yabwino sigwira, chifukwa imakula pang'onopang'ono. Mutabzala mbewu mumphika, simungathe kukanikiza pansi, chifukwa fern imakonda pamene mizu yake ili dothi lotayirira. Mphikawo umalimbikitsidwa kuti ukhale waukulu komanso waukulu. Ntchitoyo ikatha, ndikofunikira kupopera mbewu ndi kuthirira mbewu ija.
Kubalana kwa Adiantum
Pali mitundu iwiri ya kufalitsa kwa adiantum: mwa kugawa chitsamba ndikugwiritsa ntchito spores.
Kubalana mwa kugawa chitsamba
Njira yogawa chitsamba ikhoza kuchitika mu April. Chitsamba cha fern chikuyenera kugawidwa mosamala ndi manja ndi magawo angapo. Ndikofunikira kuti muphunzire mosamala magawo a kukula. Pa nthawi imodzi ya kukula kapena mbewu zingapo zing'onozing'ono popanda chifukwa sizingagawidwe, apo ayi zimwalira. Ndi chotulutsa bwino, mbewuyo iyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse. Ndikofunikanso kuganizira kuti fern iyamba kukula pang'onopang'ono osati nthawi yomweyo.
Spore kufalitsa
Mukamafalitsa ndi spores (fern mbewu), ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo angapo. Kumayambiriro kasupe, kudula pepala la adiantum, kuchotsa spores pamapepala. Fesani nthangala zouma zokhazikika ndi peyala yopyapyala pa peat yapadera m'bokosi. Chotsatira, muyenera kupanga zotsatira zawo kwa iwo: kubisa ndi galasi, kuyikidwa mumthunzi, kusunga kutentha ndi kupukutira pafupipafupi. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, spores imayenera kumera pakatha masabata asanu.
Zikamera tating'onoting'ono tating'ono, tambulayo amachotsedwa, ndikuyika bokosi lomwe lili ndi mbewu zazing'ono m'malo owala. Pakatha milungu ingapo, ma adiantums ang'onoang'ono amafunika kuwonda, kusiya masamba okhawo abwino. Zomera zitayamba kukula mwachangu, zimatha kuziika m'miphika ingapo.
Zofunika! Kubalana pogwiritsa ntchito spores ndikwabwino komanso kwodalirika.
Mavuto Ndi Kukula kwa Adiantum
- Masamba opepuka amatuluka chifukwa chothirira kosayenera.
- Mphira yophukira (koma osati yowuma) kumachitika nthaka ikanyowa kwambiri, mbewuyo imangokhala yopanda kusanja, kapena kutsitsa pansi.
- Dzuwa lowala kwambiri, kuwotcha kumawoneka pamasamba kapena kumatulutsa kwambiri.
- Mphepo ikakhala youma, masamba ayamba kugwa, maupangiri ake auma, amasanduka achikasu ndikukhazikika pansi.
- Pakusintha kwa adiantum, mikwingwirima kapena madontho a bulauni amatha kupanga gawo lotsika la tsamba. Izi ndizabwinobwino.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Ngati mpweya mchipindacho ndi wouma kwambiri, adiantum ikhoza kuwukira ndi kangaude. Kampasi imapangika pa tsinde, ndipo masamba amakhala osakhwima ndi achikasu, ndipo pakapita nthawi imayamba kugwa. Ngati adiantum iwonongeka ndi kangaude, ndikofunikira kuchotsa mosamala mawayilesi ndikumatsuka masamba ndi tsinde pansi pamadzi ofunda.
The aphid imalowetsa adiantum kumbuyo kwa masamba. Masamba amayamba kupindika, kutembenukira chikasu ndikugwa. Ngati masamba awonongeka ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi mbewuyi mwapadera: phytaverm, intavir, ndi zina. Mukatha kukonza, adiantum yopewa ingasambitsidwe osamba.
Mitundu yotchuka ya adiantums
Adiantum a tsitsi la Venus (yasayansi kapena Chilatini dzina loti Adiantum capillus-veneris) - ndi malo omwe ali ndi tsinde mobisa. Mpweya wakewo ndi wokulungika ndi sikelo yayitali. Masamba a Bipartite amasiyana monga mawonekedwe ozungulira ndipo amafikira kutalika kwa 30 cm, 10 cm mulifupi. Ali ndi zigawo zooneka ngati zokupizira ndipo amalumikizidwa ku tsinde ndi wakuda, koma wowonda. Spores fomu kumtunda kwa tsamba.
Adiantum formosum - chifukwa chake asayansi amatcha adiantum wokongola. Uwu ndi mtundu wina wamtundu wakale wa fern, womwe ulinso ndi ma peizomes ochepa owonda. Masamba ake ndi owulungika bwino, magawo ake omwe amakhala opindika komanso opindika. Kutalika kwa pepala ndi 50 cm ndipo m'lifupi ndi 35 cm. Utoto wake ndi wobiriwira kwambiri. Petiole yamtunduwu imakhala ndi mawonekedwe oyipa. Adiantum iyi siyosapindulitsa, chifukwa chake, imatha kukula bwino mzipinda zonse zofunda komanso zofunda.
Adiantum cuneatum kapena wedge-mawonekedwe adiantum - komanso mtundu wa fern, mawonekedwe ake omwe amafanana ndi adiantum wokongola. Komabe, mosiyana ndi mitundu yakale, imakhala ndi masamba, m'mphepete mwake momwe muli zisoni zofanana ndi khola la akavalo.
Adiantum hispidulum, ndi adiantum wa tsitsi lalifupi - amatanthauza chomera cha herbaceous. Imakhala ndi ma peizomes oyenda omwe ali owonda kwambiri. Masamba amtunduwu ndi opepuka. Magawowa amasiyanasiyana maumbowo, ndipo phesi, lomwe limakhala lalitali 30 cm, limakutidwa ndi setae yaying'ono. Ndi ya bulauni, yolimba komanso yotalika. Spores amapezeka mu sporangia yomwe ili pamtunda pamasamba.
Adiantum tenerum kapena adiantumnda - fern osatha wokhala ndi mpweya wabwinowu wachidule. Masamba amaphatikizika ndi petiole yopyapyala, yakuda, yosalala. Kutalika kotalika ndi masamba 60 cm, ndipo m'lifupi ndi masentimita 45. Magawo ake ndi achifundo kwambiri, motero dzina la mtunduwu linachokera. Masamba a fern awa nthawi zambiri amagwera, chifukwa chakuphwa kwa zidutswazo zili pamwamba.
Adiantum diaphanum blume (yotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Latin adiantum mandala) - ndichomera chosatha, chotalika masentimita 40. Ili ndi masamba owaza komanso owoneka bwino okhala ndi zigawo zazikuluzikulu. Mtundu wawo ndi wobiriwira mopepuka. Tsamba lamtunduwu limadziwika ndi kuzungulira kumtunda ndi concavity pansi. Thupi lakuonda - 20 cm kutalika. Sporangia wokhala ndi impso amapezeka m'mphepete mwa masamba, kumtunda kwawo.
Adiantum raddianum kapena adiantum raddy - chomera chamtunda cha ma ferns osatha. Masamba otumphuka amtunduwu amasiyana m'magulu owoneka ngati mafani. Mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi makona atatu, pansi amawoneka ngati mawonekedwe. Kutalika kokwanira kwa tsamba ndi 35 masentimita, ndipo m'lifupi ndi masentimita 20. Wodulidwa, monga mitundu ina yambiri ya adiantums, ndi woonda komanso wautali (pafupifupi 25 cm).
Pali mitundu yambiri yosangalatsa ya ma adiantums: ma-ezine-akanda, okukula mwachangu, akulu, ndi zina.
