Selari

Chomera cha celery herbaceous (Apium) ndi membala wa banja la Umbrella. Chodziwika kwambiri pakati pa olima ndiwo mbewu yamasamba monga fungo lonunkhira bwino (Apium tombolens). Chikhalidwe ichi chimachokera ku Mediterranean, chimapezekabe kuthengo masiku ano. Zomera zamtchire zimapezeka ku Hindustan Peninsula ndi ku maiko ena aku Asia, komanso ku America ndi Africa, pomwe chomerachi chimakonda kukula m'malo achinyontho.

Anthu anayamba kulima mbewu yotere kalekale, mwachitsanzo, ku Greece wakale udzu winawake anali wobzalidwa mwanjira yapadera, ndipo masamba petioles okha ndiwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Ndipo ku maiko ena a Old World, chikhalidwe ichi chidali chomera, mwachitsanzo, mu Ufumu wa Roma ndi Egypt, udzu winawake udagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga miyala yamanda, pomwe chakudya, chomwe chimaphatikizapo chomera choterocho, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukumbukira akufa. Kudera la ku Europe, chikhalidwe chotere chidatchuka kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 18, pomwe poyamba chidakula chokha chinali chokongoletsera, ndipo patapita nthawi chidayamba kudyedwa. Masiku ano, chomera ichi chikuchulukirachulukira chaka chilichonse.

Kufotokozera mwachidule kukula

Kufesa. Mizu ya udzu winawake yofesedwa chifukwa cha mbande m'masiku omaliza a February, ndi masamba udzu winawake - miyezi theka pambuyo pake. Mbande obzalidwa poyera m'masiku oyambirira a Meyi.
Kupepuka. Malo abwino.
Dothi. Dothi loyenera liyenera kukhala lopepuka, lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi; dothi lamchenga kapena loamy, lomwe limayenera kukhala losalowerera kapena pang'ono kwamchere, ndilabwino kwambiri.
Kuthirira. Madzi 1 nthawi m'masiku 7, pomwe zidebe za 2-2,5 zimamwetsedwa 1 mita imodzi.
Feteleza. Nyengo, muyenera kuchita zovala 4: Nitrophoski njira yodyetsa mbande masiku 7 mutatha kusankha; zitsamba kulowetsedwa patatha masiku 7 kuchokera Thirani mphukira panthaka; atatha theka la mwezi amaphatikiza ndi yankho la mullein kapena ndowa; superphosphate yankho m'masiku otsiriza a Julayi.
Kuswana. Njira yopanga (mbewu).
Tizilombo zovulaza. Ntchentche za ntchentche (borsch), ntchentche za karoti, nsabwe za m'mimba.
Matenda. Dzimbiri

Mawonekedwe a Selari

Chomera cha udzu winawake ndi cha mitundu iwiri, kutalika kwake kumafika pafupifupi masentimita 100, muzu wake umakhuthala. M'chaka choyamba cha kukula, muzu wobzala mu tchire, komanso duwa lophatikizika ndi masamba amtundu wakuda wobiriwira. Ndipo mchaka chachiwiri cha kukula, mphukira zimapangidwa, maluwa akuyamba pakati pa Julayi. Maambulera opangidwa amakhala ndi maluwa oyera oyera.

Chikhalidwe choterocho chimakonda chinyontho komanso chosagwira chisanu, kumera kwa mbeu kumawonedwa kale madigiri atatu, pomwe mbande zachikondi zimawoneka pa kutentha kwa madigiri 15. Mbande zazing'ono zimatha kupirira chisanu kusiya madigiri 5. Chipatso chozungulira, pafupifupi pawiri chimakhala ndi nthiti za film pa gawo lililonse. Mpaka pano, mitundu itatu ya udzu winawake umalimidwa: tsamba, muzu ndi tsinde (petiole). Zotsatira zobiriwira zotsatirazi ndizodziwika bwino: udzu winawake, katsabola ndi parsley.

Kukula udzu winawake kuchokera kwa mbewu

Nthawi yobzala

Popeza nthawi yakumera kwa udzu winawake ndi masiku 120-170, chikhalidwechi chizikula kudzera mbande. Kubzala mbewu za muzu udzu winawake mbande ikuchitika masiku 70-75 musanafike pozika mbande panthaka, mwachitsanzo, m'masiku omaliza a February. Nthawi yomweyo, kufesa masamba udzu winawake kwa mbande ikuchitika theka mwezi umodzi.

Mbewu zimafunikira kukonzekera kusanadze, popeza zimakhala ndi mafuta ofunikira omwe amalepheretsa kutulutsa ndi kutulutsa, nthawi zina, mbande zoyambirira zimawonekera patatha masiku 20-30. Kuti mbande ziziwoneka posachedwa, ziyenera kutayikira: mbewuyo imasungidwa m'madzi otalikirana ndi okosijeni kwa maola 24, kenako ndikumasankhidwa, pomwe imamizidwa kwa mphindi 45. mu yankho la potaziyamu permanganate (1%), ndiye kuti ayenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi madzi oyera ndikuuma. Pali njira inanso pakukonzekera kufesa: choyamba, amazidulira, ichi, chimamizidwa kwa mphindi 45. mu yankho la manganese potaziyamu (1%), kenako amatsukidwa, kenako ndikumizidwa mu yankho la Epin kwa maola 18 (madontho 2 pa 100 ml yamadzi).

Mbewu yochiritsidwayo iyenera kumwazika ndi wosalala pamimba yopukutira, pomwe imamera pakutentha madigiri 20 mpaka 22. Mbewu za Bent zimabzalidwa m'bokosi, lomwe limadzazidwa ndi gawo lathonde, limaphatikizaponso peat yotsika, nthaka ya sod ndi humus (3: 1: 1), ndi mchenga wokhazikika umapangidwanso kwa iyo. Mu 10 l wa gawo lapansi, onjezani 1 tbsp. phulusa la nkhuni ndi 1 tsp. urea. Mbewu zina zikagwetsedwa, zimaphatikizidwa ndi mchenga wocheperako ndikufesedwa mchidebe chosakanizika ndi dothi momwe zimapangidwira, mtunda pakati pawo uzikhala kuyambira 30 mpaka 40 mm. Mbewu ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mchenga wowonda, pogwiritsa ntchito chofunda cha izi, ndiye kuti bokosi lomwe lili pamwamba limakutidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu ndikutsukidwa m'malo otentha.

Kukula mbande

Ngati zonse zachitika molondola, mbande zoyambirira ziyenera kuonekera patatha masiku 7 mutabzala. Pakufunika, mbewu zimathiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda, pogwiritsa ntchito sipinira yabwinoyi. Mbewuyo isanawonekere, mabokosiwo azikhala otentha (kuyambira 22 mpaka 25 degrees). Pambuyo kumera mbewu, pobisalira amayenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo zotengera zimasinthidwa kupita pamalo abwino owunikira komwe kukakhala kozizira (pafupifupi madigiri 16).

M'milungu yoyambirira isanu ndi umodzi, mphukira zazing'ono zimadziwika ndi kukula kwapang'onopang'ono. Pakakulidwa masamba ndi peeleole udzu, pomwe masamba enieni a masamba 1-2 amamera mu mbande, amachepetsa, pomwe mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kukhala 40 mpaka 50 mm kapena akhoza kuwayikidwa mu chidebe chachikulu. Pa mizu ya udzu winawake, mbande zimadumphira m'miphika wa peat-humus, ndikufupikitsa pakati ndi 1/3. Pakadumphira pansi, malaya amadzalidwa m'nthaka m'mapoto mpaka theka la bondo lokhala pansi. Mbeu zikakhwima, zimafunikira kutetezedwa kuti zisagwedezedwe ndi dzuwa, kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito mapepala onyowa. Munthawi imeneyi, mbande zifunika ulamuliro wotsatirawu: masana - kuchokera 15 mpaka 16 madigiri, ndipo usiku - madigiri 11-12.

Ziribe kanthu kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa udzu winawake, mbande zidzafunika kupereka chisamaliro chabwino, chomwe chimakhala kuthirira ndi nthawi komanso kuvala pamwamba, komanso kumasula mawonekedwe a gawo. Nthawi yoyamba kuti mbande idyetsedwe patatha masiku 7- 7 kuchokera pamene yadula kapena kupukutira, chifukwa ichi imagwiritsa ntchito yankho la Nitrofoski (kwa malita 10 a madzi 1 tsp), 2-3 tbsp pa chitsamba chimodzi amatengedwa. l michere yosakaniza. Ngati mbewuyo yatuluka kwambiri, ndiye kuti adzafunikira kudyetsedwa kawiri kapena katatu ndi yankho la urea ndi masiku 10-12. Pofuna kupewa kuyaka pambewu pomwe zidyatsidwa, zimayenera kutsukidwa kuchotsera zotsalira za michereyi, chifukwa zimagwiritsa ntchito madzi oyera komanso sizi.

Pakadatsala masiku 7-10 kuti musanabzale mbande panthaka, ndikofunikira kupitiriza ndi kuuma kwake. Kuti muchite izi, imasunthidwa tsiku lililonse kupita mumsewu, pomwe nthawi ya njirayi iyenera kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, mpaka mbande sizingakhale mu mpweya watsopano nthawi zonse.

Kukula udzu winawake pawindo

Bzalani mbeu za udzu winawake ndi kumera mbande m'zipinda zomwe zikuyenera kukhala chimodzimodzi monga tafotokozera pamwambapa. Zomera zotere pazenera zimatha kumera muzu, chifukwa, mutha kuzipeza mwachangu komanso zosavuta. Koma ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti mbewu yomwe yabzalidwa kuchokera ku mbewu imatha kupitilira pang'ono. Ngati mungafune, chomera chatsopano chitha kubzalidwa nthawi 1 m'miyezi iwiri iliyonse, kapena mutha kudikirira pang'ono ndikukula mbewuyi, chitsamba choterocho chimatha kukupatsirani zipatso zonunkhira zoposa 1 chaka.

Kuti mukule chomera kuchokera pamizu, muyenera kutenga mphika, kutalika kwake kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 20 cm. Kutengera ndi kukula kwa mbewu ya muzu, zidutswa 1-3 zitha kubzalidwe mmenemo, mutabzala, gawo lawo lam'mwamba liyenera kukwera pamwamba pa gawo lapansi. Mphika umadzazidwa ndi gawo limodzi, lomwe limaphatikizapo coconut fiber ndi biohumus (2: 1), liyenera kuthiridwa ndi kuthiriridwa. Pa kulima udzu winawake, mutha kuthanso dothi lina.

Kodi muzu kuti mupeze chiyani? Itha kugulidwa pamsika kapena kukumba patsamba lanu. Kusonkhanitsa zipatso zonunkhira zoyambirira kumatha kuchitika pambuyo pa theka la mwezi. Ngati chitsamba chakula kuchokera kumbewu, ndiye kuti kudula koyamba kwa msipu kumatha kuchitika pakatha milungu pafupifupi 6, kukula kwake kumawonedwa chaka chonse, ndipo mwina kutalika. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kufesa mbewu zoyambirira kucha za mizu ya udzu winawake. Mbewuzo zikakonzedwa musanafesere, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ziyenera kufesedwa munthaka yothira, ndikuikidwa m'manda ndi theka la sentimita, ndiye kuti chidebecho chimakutidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi.

Momwe mungamwere

Chikhalidwe chotere ndi chosakanizira, mogwirizana ndi chilimwechi muyenera kuthilira tchire nthawi zambiri komanso mochuluka. M'nyengo yozizira, amamwetsedwera madzi pafupipafupi ndikugwiritsa ntchito madzi ochepa pa izi. Tepe lamadzi lizikhala lamanzere kwa maola 24 musanathiridwe, ndipo liyenera kukhala kutentha. Miphika yomwe ili ndi chomera iyenera kuyikidwa pallet, ndipo ndikathirira, ndikofunikira kuthira madzi owonjezera kuchokera pamenepo.

Feteleza

Kuti tisonkhanitse zitsamba kwa nthawi yayitali, tchire liyenera kudyetsedwa munthawi yake. 1 mu masiku 15 mpaka 20 kumtunda kwa gawo lapansi ndikofunikira kuti 1 tsp. Agrolife nthawi imodzi m'masiku 7, tchire zimathiridwa ndi yankho la Kukula kwa mankhwala (1 kapu pa 2 malita a madzi).

Ngati udzu winawake umapereka chisamaliro chabwino, ndiye kuti chitsamba chomera kuchokera ku mizu imabala zipatso kwa miyezi 3-4, komanso kuchokera kwa mbewu - yayitali kuposa chaka.

Kubzala Selari pabala

Nthawi yobzala

Ndikofunikira kuyamba kubzala mbande za udzu winawake mutadula masamba 4-5 masamba pazomera, pomwe akuyenera kutalika masentimita 12 mpaka 15. Komanso, kuyambira pomwe mbande ziziwonekera, sikuyenera kudutsa masiku 50-60. Pakatsala maola awiri kapena atatu musanadzalemo tchire poyera, adzafunika kuthirira. Kuika mbande mu dothi lotseguka ziyenera kuchitika mkati mwa khumi zoyambirira za Meyi. Mbande za udzu winawake sizingakhale zochulukirapo, apo ayi mwayi wopeza zipatso zapamwamba komanso wolemera umachepetsedwa kwambiri. Mbande zam'madzi zabwino zimachotsedwa mosavuta mu thanki pakuzula, pomwe zimatengedwa limodzi ndi mtanda.

Dothi labwino

Musanabzale mbande panthaka yoyenera, muyenera kukonzekereratu tsambalo. Chikhalidwe choterocho chimafunikira dothi losalala, lopanda thanzi, lomwe limayenera kukhala lamchere pang'ono kapena kusalowerera. Chiwembucho chizikhala chotseguka ndikuwala bwino. Zomera zoterezi, monga kabichi, nkhaka, nyemba ndi tomato kale zinali zabwino. Ndipo otsogola oyipa ndi parsley, kaloti, katsabola ndi masamba.

Kukonzekera kwa tsamba kuyenera kuchitika pakugwa. Kuti muchite izi, kukumba dothi lakuya kwa bayonet ya fosholo, pomwe kuli kofunikira kuwonjezera 20 magalamu a superphosphate wachiphamaso ndi ma kilogalamu 3.5-4 a kompositi kapena humus pa 1 mita imodzi ya malo. Pomalizira, nthaka ya pabedi imasulidwa, pomwe ikuyenera kuyikidwa ma 35-40 magalamu a feteleza wovuta wa mineral pa 1 mita imodzi ya nthaka.

Malamulo akumalo

Mukabzala mbande za udzu winawake pakati pa tchire, mtunda wa 0.4 mpaka 0,5 uyenera kuonedwa, pomwe mtunda pakati pa mizere uyenera kukhala womwewo. Ndipo mukabzala masamba ndi tsinde laudzu, mtunda pakati pa tchire uyenera kutalika kuyambira 15 mpaka 20 sentimita, ndipo mzerewo utalikirane uzikhala mainchesi 30. Ngati mungafune, zitsamba za udzu winawake zingabzalidwe pakati pa mabedi a mbatata, adyo kapena anyezi.

Munjira iliyonse yobzala, ndikofunikira kuthira 1 phulusa la nkhuni ndi humus, pomwe feteleza amalumikizidwa ndi dothi. Chodzala pobzala chimakwirira pansi mpaka bondo la cotyledonary. Kenako dothi pafupi ndi mbande limapangidwa bwino, ndipo mbewu zobzalidwa zimathiriridwa. Mbande zakudula ziyenera kutetezedwa ku kuwala koyambirira kwa dzuwa mothandizidwa ndi mapepala mkati mwa masiku angapo oyamba.

Chisamaliro

Kukula ndi kusamalira udzu winawake wa petiole ziyenera kuchitika mosiyana ndi tsamba kapena udzu winawake. Mitundu ina iliyonse ya mbewu yotereyi imayenera kuthirira, kuthilira, kuvala pamwamba, kuyimitsa komanso kuthira nthaka, ndipo ngati pangafunike, gwirani tchire ku matenda ndi tizilombo toopsa.

Kuti chinyezi chikhale nthawi yayitali m'nthaka, ndipo popanda kutumphuka pamwamba pake, ndikofunikira kuti mudzaze bedi ndi udzu winawake ndi mulching wosanjikiza (utuchi, peat kapena udzu wosenda). Pakatsala masiku 20 musanakolole udzu (petiole) udzu, tchire lifunika kukwera pamwamba, izi ziziyeretsa ziwalozo, komanso kuchepetsa kuwawa kowawa mwa iwo ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwamafuta ofunikira ndi fungo lakuthwa. Ngati udzu winawake wakula pabedi, ndiye kuti pakati pa nthawi yachilimwe ndikofunikira kuchotsa dothi kumtunda kwake, kwinaku ndikuchotsa mizu yam'mbali ndikusindikizira masamba kumtunda kwa chiwembucho. Masamba akasweka nthawi imodzi, ndiye kuti izi sizingavulaze chitsamba mwanjira iliyonse, koma zimathandizira kuti pakhale mbewu yayikulu. Petiole ndi mizu ya udzu winawake zimakololedwa kwathunthu nthawi yokolola. Ndipo mukakolola masamba osiyanasiyana, tchire limatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutchera mkati m'nyumba nthawi yachisanu. Kuti muchite izi, chitsamba chimatengedwa limodzi ndi mtanda wopanda dothi chisanu woyamba chisanabwere, pambuyo pake wabzalidwe mumphika.

Momwe mungamwere

Chikhalidwechi ndi chosakanikirana, motero chimathiriridwa kamodzi masiku 7, chimagwiritsa ntchito zidetso za 2-2,5 pamadzi okwanira mita imodzi pabedi. Nthaka siyenera kuloledwa kupukuta. M'nyengo yadzuwa, kuthirira kuyenera kuchitika nthawi 1 patsiku. Nthaka pabedi iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse. Thirani tchire pansi pa muzu.

Feteleza

Kuti musonkhanitse zokolola zambiri za chikhalidwechi, munthawi yonseyi ndikofunikira kuchita 4 kudyetsa. Za momwe mungadyetsere mbande, zomwe tafotokozazi. Patatha masiku 7 ndikuyika mbande dothi lotseguka, ndikofunikira kudyetsa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa udzu, ndipo pakatha theka lina la mwezi mbewuzo zimaphatikizidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa nkhuku kapena kulowetsedwa kwa mullein. Kenako kumapeto kwa Julayi, superphosphate (pa mita imodzi ya mraba ya gramu 30) akuyenera kuwonjezeredwa kunthaka.

Zomwe mutabzala mutadulira udzu winawake

Patsamba pomwe udzu winawake udakulidwa chaka chatha, mutha kudzala adyo, tomato, anyezi, nyemba ndi mbatata.

Matenda a Celery ndi Tizilombo Tizilombo ndi Mayina

Matenda

Mukadzala dothi lotseguka, udzu winawake umathanso kukhudzidwa ndi matenda otsatirawa:

Dzimbiri

Zizindikiro za matendawa zimatha kudziwika koyambirira kwa nthawi yotentha. Mapiritsi ofiira ofiira amawonekera pambali yakumaso masamba, petioles, ndi mphukira.Popita nthawi, mbali zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi chitsamba zimasanduka chikaso ndipo zimawuma, pomwe sazimva kukoma. Kuti tichotse matendawa, tchire liyenera kuthiridwa ndi yankho la Fitosporin-M (4-5 milligrams pa 1 lita imodzi yamadzi), pomwe 100 ml ya osakaniza idzakwanira kukonza 1 mita lalikulu la chiwembu.

Mawonekedwe oyera (septoria, kapena kutentha mochedwa)

Mabasi nthawi zambiri amadwala m'masabata omaliza a nthawi yachilimwe. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa, masamba ambiri achikasu amapanga masamba, ndipo masamba owoneka ovala bulauni amapangika pa petioles. Matendawa amakula kwambiri mokhazikika, nyengo yozizira. Tchire wodwala adzafunika chithandizo ndi yankho la Topsin-M kapena Fundazole. Pakatsala masiku 20 kuti nthawi yokolola ichitike, chithandizo chilichonse chikuyenera kuimitsidwa.

Kuwotcha koyambirira kapena chifuwa chachikulu

Kukula kwa matenda otere kumapangitsa kuti mvula izizizira komanso kusinthasintha kwa kutentha. Zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa, malo owundana ambiri amapangika pamtunda wa masamba, omwe amafikira theka la sentimita kudutsa, amakhala ndi mmbali pakati komanso pamtunda wakuda. Pamaso pa petioles oblong mawanga akuwonekera, ndipo ndi chinyontho chowonjezereka, pachimake mawonekedwe amitundu yakofiira. Popita nthawi, masamba omwe amakhudzidwa ndi phula ziwuma. Ndi matenda awa amalimbana nawo ngati ndi Seporto.

Downy mildew

Amakhudzidwa ndi gawo lakuthwa kuthengo, pomwe utoto wonyezimira wamtundu wakuda umawonekera, pomwe matendawa amakula, imakhala filimu yomwe imamveka pamwamba pake pomwe pali madontho akuda. Matendawa amakula mosintha kwambiri kutentha ndi chinyezi, komanso ngakhale ndi mame ozizira. Koposa zonse, kulowetsedwa kwamunda kubzala nthula nthaleko ndi nthenda yotere. Kuti mukonzekere, muyenera kuphatikiza theka la ndowa ndi 0,3 kg ya thistle yobaya, osakaniza azithira kwa maola 8.

Nkhaka Mose

Matendawa ndi tizilombo. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimadalira mtundu wa kupsinjika komwe kumenya chitsamba: mphete zazikulu zimatha kuwoneka kumtunda kwa udzu winawake, zomwe zimathandizira kuchepa kwake, ndipo mphete zazing'ono kwambiri zimatha kupanga zomwe zimachepetsa kukula kwa mbewu. Tchire lonse lodwala liyenera kukumbidwa mwachangu ndikuwonongeka. Popeza matendawa sangathe kuchiza, pofuna kupewa, ndikofunikira kuteteza chikhalidwe ku chonyamula chachikulu: nkhupakupa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.

Kuti musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala oyipa popopera mbewu yodwala, muyenera kutsatira malamulo kupewa:

ndikofunikira kuchita kukonzekera kubzala kwa mbewu;
kutsatira malamulo a kasinthasintha wa mbeu ndi ukadaulo waulimi wa mbewuyi;
kupewa makulidwe a masisitimu;
m'dzinja, pomwe mbewu yonse ikakololedwa, zotsalira zonse za mbewu zichotsedwe pamalowo, komanso kukumba pansi panthaka.

Tizilombo

Nthawi zambiri, tizirombo totere timangokhala pa ma celery baka:

Borsch (udzu winawake) amauluka

M'masiku omaliza a Meyi, tizilombo touluka timayendera udzu winawake kuchokera ku ng'ombe yankhumba kuti tiikire mazira pansi pa khungu la masamba, chifukwa, ma tubercles amawonekera pamwamba pawo. Mphutsi zomwe zimawonekera zimabudula thukuta, pomwe malembawo adatsalira. Chifukwa cha izi, anyaniwa amamva kuwawa, pomwe kuwerengera zokolola zabwino za silima sikofunikira. Pofuna kuti tizirombo tiziwoneka patsamba lanu, muyenera kutulutsa udzu wofowoka nthawi zonse, mukuyeneranso kubzala anyezi pafupi ndi bedi la udzu winawake, komwe kumatha kutulutsa ntchentche.

Carrot kuuluka

Ikuwoneka masika ndikukonzekera kuyikira mazira pansi pa tchire, ndipo mphutsi zamtunduwu zimavulaza mphukira zawo, mizu ndi masamba. Nyengo, ntchentche izi zimapereka mibadwo iwiri. Kuti muwononge tizilombo tambiri, ndikofunikira kuchita chithandizo chambiri ndikutalika kwa masiku 7, chifukwa ma njira awa amaphimbidwa ndi osakaniza okhala ndi mchenga, mpiru wowuma ndi fumbi la fodya (1: 1: 1).

Nyemba aphid

Mtundu wa aphid ndi waukulu kwambiri kuposa onse. Zimangotenga theka lokha la mwezi kukhazikitsa mbadwo umodzi wamtundu wamtunduwu. Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi kachilombo koyamwa kamene kangalumphe pamtunda wa masamba ndikuyamwa madzi. Tiyeneranso kukumbukiranso kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi omwe amatenga matenda owopsa omwe sanapezekepo mankhwala ogwira ntchito. Pankhaniyi, aphid ikangoona tsamba, muyenera kuyamba kulimbana nayo. Mwachitsanzo, zitsamba zimatha kuthandizidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kapena msuzi wokonzedwa pamtunda wa mbatata, tomato kapena dandelions. Komanso, pachifukwa ichi, kulowetsedwa kwa masamba a malalanje ndi koyenera, pokonzekera ndikofunikira kuphatikiza madzi (magawo 10) ndi masamba (gawo limodzi), sakanizani chilichonse bwino ndikusiya kukakamira kwa masiku 3-5. Pofuna kupewa, ndikofunikira kuti udzu ubalikire pa nthawi yake, ndikatha kukolola, malowo amayeretsedwa ndi zinyalala zam'mera, kenako ndikukumba dothi mozama.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya udzu winawake

Zatchulidwa kale pamwambapa kuti udzu winawake wamaudzu, mizu ndi tsinde (petiole) ndi wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa alimi.

Mizu ya udzu winawake

Celeele yotere, monga lamulo, imalimidwa kuti mupeze muzu womwe umakhala ndi mankhwala ofanana ndi omwe amapezeka muzu wa ginseng. Kuchuluka kwa mbewu yamizu kumasiyana kuchokera pa 0,5 mpaka 0.9 kilogalamu. Kutalika kochepa kwa mbewuyi ndi masiku 120, choncho mitundu yoyambirira yokha, yapakatikati komanso mochedwa siyipatula pamenepo. Mitundu yotsatila yapakatikati yoyambira ndiyotchuka kwambiri:

Prague chimphona. Pafupifupi masiku 120 kuchokera ku mbande mpaka kukhwima kwathunthu kwa mizu. Zomera zazikuluzikulu zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe obwereza. Thupi lawo lonunkhira bwino limakhala ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino komanso wolimba.
Apple. Izi zimadziwika ndi zokolola komanso kukana matenda. Nthawi yakucha ya mbewu ya muzu imadalira kwathunthu nyengo nyengo ndipo ndi masiku 90-160. Kuchuluka kwa mbewu yozungulira ndi 80-140 magalamu. Mnofu wokhala ndi shuga ndi loyera ngati chipale. Zomera zodziwika bwino zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kusunga zipatso zabwino.
Gribovsky. Kutalika kwa nyengo ya kukula kwa udzu winawake ndi kuyambira masiku 120 mpaka 150. Maonekedwe a mizu yozungulira ndi yozungulira, unyinji wawo umasiyanasiyana 65 mpaka 135 magalamu. Mnofu wonunkhira wopepuka umakhala ndi mawanga achikaso. Mizu yamizere imadyedwa mwatsopano ndikuwuma.
Globe. Zomera zazikuluzikulu zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, zochulukazo zimasiyana kuchokera ku 150 mpaka 300 magalamu. Utoto wowoneka bwino ndi wowutsa mudyo wa mtundu woyera uli ndi zolimba zazing'ono.
Daimondi. Zosiyanasiyana sizigwirizana ndi kuwombera, kutalika kwa nyengo yake yakukula kuli pafupifupi masiku 150. Masamba ozungulira ozungulira amakhala ndi kulemera pafupifupi 200 magalamu. Pambuyo pakuchira kutentha, thupi limasunga mtundu wake woyera.

Mitundu yotchuka yakucha kwapakatikati:

Albin. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi zipatso zambiri, ndipo mizu yake imaphukira masiku 120. Mizu yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira m'mimba mwake imafikira 12 cm. Mimbulu yamadzimadzi ilibe voids ndipo penti yoyera.
Egor. Kucha zipatso kumatenga masiku 170. Zomera zazikulu komanso zosalala zokhala ndi ma kilogalamu 0,5, zimapakidwa utoto wachikasu ndi zobiriwira. Mnofu Woyera ndiwotsekemera komanso onunkhira.
Isaul. Yokhala ndi imvi yayikulu mizu yobzala yozungulira yolemera pafupifupi 300 magalamu, kucha kwawo kumatenga masiku 150-160. Mu mbewu zamizu, mizu ili m'munsi mwake.
Munthu wamphamvu. Zomera zazikulu zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, ndipo zimacha pafupifupi masiku 170. Zimayera chikasu ndipo limalemera pafupifupi 0,4 kg. Guwa loyera ndi lonunkhira komanso lokoma.
Giant. Pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yotereyi, mbewu za muzu zimapaka utoto wamitundu yotentha, ndipo zimalemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 0,7.

Mitundu yotsatirayi yakucha kwambiri imakonda kutchukitsa wamaluwa:

Anita. Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi zokolola komanso kukana kuwombera. Zomera zokhazikitsidwa bwino m'masiku 160, zimapakidwa utoto wamtundu wa beige ndipo zimakhala ndi chowulungika kapena chozungulira, ndipo kulemera kwawo kuli pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 0.4. Pambuyo pakuthandizira kutentha, zamkati zoyera ngati chipale chofewa sizitaya mtundu wake.
Maxim. Kukutula kwa mizu yozungulira kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 200, unyinji wawo umatha kufika mpaka 0,5 kilogalamu. Kugunda kumakhala ndi kirimu wowala komanso kununkhira kowoneka bwino.

Tsamba louma

Celery wopanda masamba amalimidwa kuti apeze masamba onunkhira omwe ali ndi mavitamini ambiri, omwe amatengedwa nthawi yonse yotentha. Mumtunduwu, mbewu za mizu sizimapanga. Mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyotchuka kwambiri:

Kartuli. Mitundu yoyambirira ya kubzala kwa ku Georgia ndi chilala komanso kulekerera kuzizira. Pa petioles a mtundu wobiriwira wakuda pali masamba onunkhira, omwe amakula kangapo chilimwe. Masamba amadyedwa mwatsopano ndikuwuma.
Wofatsa. Munthawi yapakatikati iyi, kuyambika kwa ukadaulo kumachitika pambuyo pa masiku 105-110 kuchokera pomwe mbande zimamera. Zomera zimatha kudyedwa mwatsopano kapena zouma.
Sail. Mitundu yoyambirirayi, yomwe imadziwika ndi zokolola zake, imakhwima m'masiku 85-90 okha. Masamba ake ndiwosangalatsa komanso onunkhira kwambiri.
Zahar. Nthawi yayitali yakucha kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi lochuluka kwambiri. Nthawi yakula, imapatsanso zipatso katatu nthawi zambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya udzu winawake wa masamba. Masamba achikondi ndi onunkhira bwino.
Pep. Mitundu yakucha ya nthawi yayitali imadziwika ndi chilala komanso kulekerera kuzizira. Chimakhwima m'masiku 65-70. Ma plates ofiira omwe masamba ambiri amakhala onunkhira.
Samurai. Mitundu yosenda yakuchiyi ndi yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa alimi pakati pa mitundu yonse ya masamba udzu winawake. Masamba a chitsamba amakhala odzala ndi onunkhira bwino, ali ofanana ndi curley parsley. Izi zimayamba kukhwima m'masiku 80-85.
Spartan. Zosiyanasiyana zimacha m'masiku 80-85, masamba akuluakulu onunkhira amapaka utoto wobiriwira.

Tsinde udzu (petiole)

Petiole udzu winawake umakhala wamtengo wapatali kwa amphaka amtundu, makulidwe awo amafika 40-50 mm. Zoterezi sizipanga mizu. Mitundu yotchuka ya udzu winawake:

Malachite. Mu sing'anga yoyambirira yamtunduwu, ana amtundu wowonda kwambiri komanso wathanzi amakula masiku 80. Mtundu wa masamba ake ndi wobiriwira.
Wagolide. Mitundu yoyambira kumapeto imatha masiku 150. Chizindikiro cha petioles chokoma kwambiri ndikuti amatha kuphatikizidwa okha.
Tango. Kutembenuka kwa mitundu yapakatikatiyi kumatenga masiku 170-180. Petioles zokulira kubiriwira zobiriwira-zobiriwira kwambiri ndizopadera chifukwa alibe ulusi wopota.
Kupambana. Mtundu wamtunduwu wapakatikati, wamtundu wamagulu amtundu wobiriwira wamtundu wakuda wobiriwira utakula, amatha kufikira masentimita 25-30 kutalika.

Kuphatikiza pa udzu winawake womwe wafotokozedwa pamwambapa, wamaluwa amakulanso monga: Yudinka, Chipale chofewa, Pascal, Odzhan, Non Plus Ultra, Cascade, Zvindra, Delikates, ndi zina zambiri.

Chuma cha Celery: Zowopsa ndi Zopindulitsa

Zothandiza zimatha udzu winawake

Zomera zokhala ndi masamba ndi masamba a udzu winawake zimaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri mthupi la munthu, mwachitsanzo: ma amino acid, carotene, nikotini acid, mafuta ofunikira, boron, chlorine, calcium, iron, manganese, magnesium, zinc, potaziyamu, selenium, phosphorous, sulfure, mavitamini A, C, E, K, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6 ndi fiber.

Kukhazikika kwa mavitamini, mchere, mapuloteni ndi ma asidi m'zinthu izi ndizapadera, chifukwa chidwi ichi chimathandizira kutsimikiza kwa maselo mthupi, komanso kuchepetsera kukalamba. Mtundu wobiriwira wachikhalidwe ichi umagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amanjenje omwe amawoneka chifukwa chogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, chifukwa amatha kusintha. Mafuta ofunikira omwe ali mumadzawo amathandizira kubisala kwa madzi a m'mimba. Masamba a Celery amathandizira kuti mapangidwe a metabolic azikhala mwamtundu, motero amalimbikitsidwa kuti azikhala m'gulu la odwala matenda ashuga. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kudya izi kwa anthu azaka zambiri omwe amafunika kulimbikitsa kagayidwe kamchere wamadzi mthupi. Chitsamba chimakhala ndi ma coumarins, omwe amathandiza kuthetsa ululu m'mutu nthawi ya migraines. Imakhala ndi anti-yotupa, pomwe chikhalidwe chimathandizira kuchepetsa kutupa ndikuchotsa kupweteka kwapakati ndi nyamakazi, gout ndi rheumatism. Chomera chilinso ndi mabala omwe amachiritsa, antimicrobial, anti-allergic, anti-yotupa ndi mankhwala ofewetsa thukuta. Zimasangalatsa thupi ndipo zimathandizira kukulitsa ntchito ndi thupi. Madzi a Selari amathandizira kuyeretsa magazi ndikuchotsa matenda amkhungu, makamaka ngati amaphatikizidwa ndi msuzi wa nettle ndi dandelion. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda am'mimba thirakiti, urticaria, diathesis ndi urolithiasis. Selari amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kunja pamaso pa mabala, zotupa, zilonda ndi zowotcha, chifukwa cha izi amadyera ndikutsukidwa ndi chopukusira cha nyama ndikuphatikizidwa ndi mafuta a ng'ombe osungunuka (1: 1).

Zinthu zopangidwa ndi maelery zimathandizira kulimbikitsa kugona kwa amuna, kuthetsa kusowa tulo, kusintha njira zama metabolic ndi chiwindi ndi impso, kuchotsa zopweteka zosiyanasiyana, kuchepetsa thupi, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupewa atherosclerosis. Mankhwalawa mtima ndi mtima matenda, udzu winawake umagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi amachepetsa, kuthamanga kumachepa ndipo minyewa ya mtima imakhazikika. Kuphatikizidwa kwa mbewu yotereku kumaphatikizanso ndi fiber yambiri, yomwe imathandizira kukonza matumbo ndikuchotsa kudzimbidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito muzu wa mbewuyi pakudya kumalimbikitsidwa kwa amuna omwe akudwala matenda a prostatitis, chifukwa kumapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito aziyenda bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, chikhalidwe ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zamphamvu kwambiri zaprodisiac zomwe zimapangitsa chilakolako chogonana.

Mankhwala a chikhalidwe ichi ndi awa:

amathandizira kuchotsa matenda a mtima ndi magazi;
imapangitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kukhala cholimba komanso chimateteza thupi ku matenda;
amathetsa nkhawa ndipo amakhala ndi phindu pa pulogalamu yamanjenje;
Amathandizira kuchiritsa matenda oopsa, matenda a impso ndi genitourinary system;
amathandizira kulimbikitsa kugaya chakudya;
amachotsa njira zowonongeka m'matumbo;
ndi gastritis ndi zilonda zam'mimba zimachotsa kutupa ndi kupweteka;
imapereka mosavuta mapuloteni.

Contraindication

Selari imalimbikitsa chimbudzi, kotero sikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito zilonda zam'mimba, acidity ya madzi am'mimba kapena gastritis. Komanso, singagwiritsidwe ntchito mitsempha ya varicose ndi thrombophlebitis. Komanso, singadye azimayi oyembekezera. Sitikulimbikitsidwanso kudya panthawi yoyamwitsa, chifukwa mafuta ofunikira amatha kulowa mkaka.