Kupanga munda wamaluwa ndi gawo lofunikira, lomwe limakupatsani mwayi kuti musinthe maluwa ndi mbewu kukhala ntchito yonse yabwino. Sikovuta kupanga mphika wamaluwa ndi manja anu - kalasi ya masters ikupatsani mwayi wopanga njira zopangira zosiyanasiyana. Umu ndi mtundu wa maluwa owongolera maluwa. Amapangitsa kuti mbewuzo zizikhala zowoneka bwino komanso zachilendo, zimawonjezera kusinthasintha ndi mawonekedwe ake pakupanga kwathunthu.
Mphika wamunda wam simenti
Ngati mukufuna kupanga mphika wamaluwa ndi manja anuawo kumundako, ndiye kuti muyenera kuganizira malamulo ofunikira ndi zomwe akupanga. Ndiwosavuta, komabe pali mfundo zina zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa.
Kuti mupange mphika kapena mphika waukulu, muyenera kukonzekera izi:
- mawonekedwe am'munsi mwa pulasitiki, m'mimba mwake muyenera kukhala masentimita 53, ndipo kutalika - 23 cm;
- yankho lidzafunika simenti yoyera, perlite (agroperlite), peat;
- oilcloth kapena cellophane, muyenera kutenga thumba kapena kudula, lomwe lophimba mbali yonse ya chotengera chopangidwa ndi pulasitiki;
- waya wazitsulo kapena mawonekedwe othandizira;
- bulashi yakuvula.
Kupanga mphika wamaluwa ndi manja anu, ndikofunikira kuganizira gulu la akatswiri, lomwe limachitika m'magawo angapo:
- Choyamba muyenera kupanga yankho. Pamafunika magawo awiri a simenti yoyera, gawo limodzi la perlite (agroperlite) ndi magawo awiri a peat yayitali. Pakuyeza, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito chidebe chomwe chimakhala ndi lita imodzi ndi theka.
- Kenako, ziume zouma zimadzaza madzi ndikusakanikirana mpaka kukhazikika kosasintha komwe kumapangidwira.
- Pansipa ndi makoma a mphika wamaluwa wa pulasitiki, timayala cellophane kapena filimu. Iyenera kuphimba chidebe chonse mpaka pamwamba.
- Pofalitsa cellophane, ndikofunikira kufalitsa, iyenera kukhala, mwinanso zingwe zomwe sizikumveka ndizotsala pazinthu zomalizidwa.
- Choyamba, ikani yankho pansi pa mphika, mulingo woyenera. Makulidwe oyenera ayenera kukhala 4 cm, amatha kuwongoleredwa ndi machesi kapena dzino.
- Kuti mapangidwe ake akhale olimba, amafunika kukhazikitsa waya wachitsulo kapena kapangidwe kotsimikizira.
- Popeza chogulitsacho chikuyenera kukhala chachikulu, yankho lake lidzafunika kukonzedwa pang'ono, m'magawo. Mwambiri, pafupifupi mabatani 4-5 adzafunika.
- Onetsetsani kuti mwalingalira dzenje lakuya. Kuti mupeze muyenera kuyika nkhusu pansi, yomwe kale idakutidwa ndi filimu.
- Pambuyo pamadzi ponse pompanda ndi simenti, chilichonse chimakutidwa ndi filimu ndikusiya kuyimirira kwa masiku 10. Munthawi imeneyi, kusakaniza kwa simenti kumawuma ndikupeza mphamvu.
- Ngati pamwamba pakumera, ndiye kuti payenera kupukutidwa pang'ono.
- Pakatha masiku pafupifupi 8, muyenera kuyang'ana kupezeka. Kuti muchite izi, mawonekedwe a simenti amayenera kugundidwa pang'ono, ngati phokosolo silili gonthi, ndiye kuti poto-cache imachotsedwa mumtsuko pamodzi ndi filimuyo;
- Kenako, pamwamba pake pamalowo pamatsukidwa ndi burashi yachitsulo.
Ngati mukufuna kupanga chobzala mitundu, ndiye kuti muyenera kugula miyala yapadera. Kuti muchite izi, gawo lirilonse la simentiyo limapakidwa utoto wamtundu wina ndikuyika mbali zake.
Momwe mungapangire cache-poto kuchokera simenti ndi nsalu
Kuti mukongoletse malowa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana - miphika, maluwa, maluwa. Zitha kuchitika ndi manja anu, zinthu zopangidwa kunyumba ndizowala komanso zoyambirira. Pazifukwa izi, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungapangire mphika wamaluwa kuchokera simenti ndi nsalu. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mugwire ntchito yojambula bwino kuchokera kuzinthu zopangidwa bwino.
Kupanga maluwa pamalopo ndi simenti ndi manja anu, muyenera kukonzekera zida zotsatirazi:
- Maziko pokonzekera yankho. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosankhira bajeti - Portland simenti mtundu wa M400.
- Kututa. Momwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito tulle, thaulo la terry, burlap. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu zokutira, imakhala yopaka bwino komanso yachilendo kwambiri.
- Utoto uliwonse wa konkriti. Monga momwe angagwiritsidwire ntchito acrylic, madzi-epoxy, polymer, vinyl, acrylic-silicone kapena laimu penti wosakaniza.
- Utoto brashi.
- Makanema abwino a polyethylene. Monga gawo ili, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kanema wosavuta.
- Mawonekedwe omwe ma dothi amapanga kuchokera ku zisanza ndi simenti ndi manja awo. Chidebe cha conical kapena chidebe china chilichonse chomwe chili ndi mawonekedwe a piramidi ndichabwino pamenepa.
- Kuthekera komwe simenti idzaphatikizidwe.
- Kuti musinthe yankho, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kiyilo yamagetsi yokhala ndi chosakanizira chosakanizira.
Njira yopanga mphika wamaluwa kuchokera simenti ndi manja anu ilibe zovuta zapadera, gulu la master latsatanetsatane lingakuthandizeni. Muli magawo angapo:
- Pre-nkhungu wa cache-poto, tikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba kwathunthu ndi filimu. Izi ndizofunikira kuti zitheke komanso kuthekera kochotsa chinthu chomalizidwa simenti.
- Njira yothetsera simenti imapangidwa mu thankiyo. Choyamba, madzi amathiridwa, simenti imatsanulidwamo. Pogwiritsa ntchito kubowola ndi chosakanizira, njira imakhala yosakanikirana.
- Njira yotsirizidwa sikuyenera kukhala yolimba kwambiri, mwa kusasinthika kwake ikuyenera kufanana ndi mkaka ndi kirimu wowawasa.
- Chovaliracho chimanyowetsedwa mu yankho, chimayenera kumizidwa kwathunthu mu simenti.
- Ndikwabwino kusiya nsaluyo simenti kwakanthawi kuti ikhuta.
- Kenako, chovalacho chimachotsedwa panjira ndikuchichotsa ndowa. Mphepete muyenera kuwongola, mutha kupanga makatani kuti miphika iwoneke yowoneka bwino komanso yoyambirira.
- Pakatha pafupifupi masiku atatu, miphika imatha kuchotsedwa mumtsuko.
- Pamwamba pake pamapangidwa utoto ndi utoto uliwonse womwe umapangidwira konkriti.
Poto wamaluwa ngati nsapato
Zofunika kudziwa! Patsamba poto-cache mumtundu wa nsapato zimawoneka zokongola komanso zachilendo. Idzapereka udzu mosinthika ndi chisomo, ndipo mundawo udzasinthidwa posachedwa. Inde, opangawo afunika nthawi ndi khama, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zofunikira.
Kupanga poto-cache mu nsapato, ndikofunikira kukonza zofunikira ndi zinthu:
- zitini zapulasitiki;
- ulusi wokhala ndi mawonekedwe okhuthala;
- kudzigwetsa nokha zomangira;
- tepi yayikulu kapena tepi;
- Guluu wa PVA;
- mapaketi angapo manyuzipepala;
- maziko a matope ndi simenti ndi mchenga;
- madzi
- ma trays a mazira.
Ngati simukudziwa momwe mungapangire nsapato ya cache-pot kuchokera simenti, ndiye kuti gulu la ambuye lidzatha kupereka mwachangu komanso mosavuta ntchito zaluso. Makamaka pa intaneti mutha kupeza kanema watsatanetsatane wofotokozera ndondomekoyi.
Chifukwa chake, ntchito yonse imakhala magawo angapo:
- makontena awiri a malita 10 ndi imodzi pa lita imodzi adzafunika pantchito;
- Tidadula mizere yomwe imakokedwa pamchombo, ndikusiyako yonse;
- timayika ina pambali ya canister imodzi ndikuikonza ndi zomata, kenako ndikukulunga ndi tepi;
- Kuphatikiza apo, kuchokera pansi pamapangidwewo, mabowo angapo amafunikira kuti apangidwe, ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti ngalawa;
- mothandizidwa ndi timapepala tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalemba, PVA guluu ndi njira ya papier-mâché timapatsa mtunduwo ngati nsapato;
- ndiye yankho limapangidwa, limapangidwa 1 gawo la osakaniza, magawo atatu a mchenga ndi madzi, kusunthira bwino;
- fomu yochokera m'manyuzipepala itakhala yokonzeka, pansi ponse kuchokera kumbali ziwiri timasanja masikono ndikumangiriza ndi ulusi, izi zipereka kukhazikika kwabwino kwa matope a simenti padziko lapansi pamawonekedwe;
- mawonekedwe oyambilira amatha kuthandizidwa ndi primer;
- kenako ikani simenti pankhope zonse ndikusalala bwino, kusiya chinthucho kuti chiume kwathunthu;
- nsapato itayamba kukhazikika, iyenera kumangidwa;
- kumapeto timaphimba ndi penti yapadera konkriti.
Miphika yamaluwa okonzeka mwanjira ya nsapato ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zokongoletsera za munda. Iwapatsa kuwongola komanso zolemba zabwino. Zomera zomwe zimakhalamo zimawoneka zokongola, zokongola.
Kupanga mphika wa simenti ndi mafambo ndi ntchito yosangalatsa yomwe ingatengeke ambiri. Izi zitha kuchitidwa ndi aliyense, ngakhale omwe sanapangirepo mtundu wamtunduwu. Chachikulu ndikuphunzira mosamala malangizo ndi malamulo oyambira kupanga.
