Cherry - zonse zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe: kufotokozera, mitundu, kulima

Anthu amati: chitumbuwa ndi mankhwala apanyumba. Ngati sea buckthorn, chimanga, ierga ndi chitumbuwa chikukula m'mundamo, zipatso zotsalazo, ndi machitidwe awo onse othandiza, ndizongowonjezera pa mankhwala othandizira awa mbewu.

Chikhalidwe ichi chidabwera kwa ife kuyambira kalekale. Cherry afala kwambiri m'miyoyo ya anthu wamba kotero ndizovuta kulingalira munda wung'ono kwambiri wamtsogolo wopanda wamatcheri pansi pazenera kapena munda wam'makomo, nyumba yaying'ono yachilimwe.

Wotsekemera chitumbuwa, kapena chitumbuwa wamba (Prunus cerasus). © julia_HalleFotoFan

Zomwe zimakhala ndi michere ndi mankhwala a cherries

Mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zofunikira, chitumbuwa chimakhala ndi malo oyamba mndandanda wazipatala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito njira zina.

Zabwino zamatcheri zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa michere.

Mavitamini E, C, PP, mavitamini onse a B, kuphatikizapo B9 (folic acid), carotene.
Fructose ndi glucose, pectins, coumarin, anthocyanides ndi zinthu zina.
Zinthu zamkuwa, potaziyamu, calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorous, ayodini, chitsulo, nthaka, manganese, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, boron, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, rubidium, ndi zina zambiri.
Zipatsozo zili ndi ma organic acids: citric, malic, presinic, salicylic.

Cherry samangokhala ndi mavitamini ambiri, zinthu zina ndi zina zabwino. Kuphatikiza kwawo kumapereka kupewa komanso kuchiza matenda a kuchepa kwa magazi (iron, mkuwa, cobalt), arthrosis, ndi matenda a impso. Folic acid yophatikizidwa ndi magnesium, cobalt ndi chitsulo imalimbitsa mitsempha yamagazi, ndipo coumarin imathandizira kuchepetsa magazi. Pectins amatsuka poizoni wa nayitrogeni. Mabakiteriya okhala ndi zamkati zamtchire ndi ofunika kwambiri pakuwathandizira mabakiteriya. Ellagic acid wokhala ndi madzi a chitumbuwa amalepheretsa maselo a khansa. Amygdalin wokhala ndi chitumbuwa cha chitumbuwa amachepetsa maulendo obaya mtima, amathandiza kuchiritsa matenda am'mimba. Cherry imathandiza mu matenda ena amanjenje. Mu wowerengeka mankhwala, decoctions mu mkaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri arthrosis, matenda a jaundice. Ochiritsa amphamvu amachiritso wowerengeka amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati anticonvulsant komanso akhunyu.

Osawerengera zabwino zonse zamatcheri. Koma, kuwonjezera pazopatsa thanzi komanso zamankhwala, zipatso zamatcheri ndizokongoletsa kwambiri chaka chonse. Ndili wokongola pakamasamba, Magulu a zipatso zowala, zopachikidwa ngati zokongoletsa za Khrisimasi nthawi ya zipatso, nthambi zopyapyala nthawi yozizira yokutidwa ndi nkhuku.

Zachilengedwe ndi mitundu yamatcheri

Kuti zipatso zamtchire kapena malo obzala ena azitha kubala zipatso pachaka, kwinaku zikukhalabe zokongoletsera, ndikofunikira kudziwa mawonekedwe ake, kukonza chisamaliro choyenera, ndi mitundu yosinthidwa yomwe idzaonetsetsa kuti zipatso zake zilibe vuto popanda chifukwa

Mtengo wa Cherry. © Kevin

Dongosolo la Cherry Muzu

Mizu yamatcheri ndiyofunika kwambiri. Amakhala ngati mizere yolunjika komanso yopingasa, yomwe yocheperako imachoka. Mizu mu dothi imapitirira mainchesi a korona wokwezeka ndi nthawi 1.5. Mbali yofunikira kwambiri yomwe iyenera kuganiziridwa podzala mbande zachikhalire. Mizu yopingasa imayambira kuchokera mu khosi mumizu ya 10-30 cm ndipo imakhala mozungulira mozungulira mizu yayikulu. Chifukwa chake, kuyandikira ku thunthu, kuya kosazama. Mitundu ina imapanga mbadwa za mbande zam'mphepete m'mizu yotalika 15 mpaka 15 cm. Kuti muchepetse kusefukira, pamafunika kuti muiwononge pokumba pamodzi ndi mizu. Kudulira pamtunda kumangokulitsa kuchuluka kwa mphukira. Mizu yotalika imafikira kuya kwa 1.5-2,5 m ndipo samalola kusefukira kwamadzi ndi nthaka. Kumapeto kwa mizu, mizu yaminga imapangidwa, ndikugwira ntchito yofunikira. Muzu waukulu wa mizu yosangalatsa uli m'malo 40 cm, womwe uyenera kukumbukiridwa mukakonza dothi pansi pa chitumbuwa.

Padziko Lonse Cherry System

Gawo la mlengalenga limatha kupangidwa ngati mtengo wokhala ndi thunthu limodzi kapena chitsamba chokhala ndi mphukira zingapo zosatha (chigoba nthambi zingapo. Mitundu yamatanda ndiyokwera kwambiri (2-7 m), imayamba kubereka zipatso kwa zaka 2-4. Chiyembekezo chamoyo m'zigawo zakumwera chimachokera zaka 15-30, pakatikati komanso kumpoto kwa Chigawo Chosakhala Chikuda cha Russia ndikuchepera - zaka 12-15.

Mwa mitengo yamatchuthi ngati mitengo, mitundu yodziwika bwino yokhala ndi mizu ndi Zhukovskaya, Rastunya, Orlovskaya koyambirira, Turgenevka, etc. Mitundu yonga mitengo imabala zipatso nthawi yomweyo kukula komaso nthambi zamaluwa, zomwe zimaphukira kukolola zamtsogolo. Izi ndikofunikira kuganizira mukamazidulira kwamatcheri. Mukukula kwa chaka chino, mitengo imangopanga masamba okha, ndikukulitsa korona pakapita nthawi.

Fomu yooneka ngati chitsamba ndi yosangalatsa chifukwa mbewuyo ikhoza kukolola popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zowonjezera. Mitundu yopanga mawonekedwe ake ikupanga zipatso, monga lamulo, chaka chatha komanso kukula kosakanikirana. Mitundu ya Shrub ngati dachas nthawi zambiri imapangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu Vladimirskaya, Fertile Michurina, Lyubskaya, Otechestvennaya, Rubinovaya ndi ena, pogwiritsa ntchito mizu. Mosiyana ndi mitengo, amapanga mbewu yoyamba ya zaka 2-3. Amasiyana pamapangidwe angapo mizu.

Mitengo ya Cherry. © Lucy Martin

Zosiyanasiyana zamatcheri mwa dera laulimi

Malo omwe akutulutsa mitengo yamatcheri ngati chikhalidwe cha zigawo zapakati pa Russia amatchedwa Vladimirsky (mtundu Vladimirskaya) ndi kumwera kwake m'chigawo cha Kursk (mtundu wa Lyubskaya). Mitundu iwiriyi inali yofunika ku zigawo zapakati pa Russia, mpaka m'zaka za 40-80 za zana la XIX, ntchito yoweta yowonjezereka idayamba, ndikupangitsa kwambiri kudalitsika kwa chikhalidwe kwa mzere wapakati, pomwe munthawi yomweyo amalimbikitsa kulima kwake kumpoto kwa dzikolo.

Mwa kukhwima, yamatcheri amagawidwa kukhala mitundu yoyambirira, yapakati komanso mochedwa. Mitundu yoyambilira imapanga mbewu yaukada koyambirira kwa Julayi, kuphukira kwapakati pa Julayi ndipo mitundu yamapeto imacha kumayambiriro kwa August. Mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi maluwa ake abwino ndipo umasiyana ndi kukoma, mtundu ndi kununkhira kwa chipatso, chomwe chimatchedwa drupes.

Madera akumwera kwa Russia

Madera akumwera kwa Russia, kuphatikiza malo a Krasnodar Territory, otchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu ya Lyubskaya ndi Apukhtinskaya, yodziwika ndi kuyambika kwa zipatso kuyambira chaka chachiwiri chodzala nthawi zonse komanso lochuluka. Alinso ndi malo ambiri ogawikirako, kuphatikizapo dera la Moscow. Chotsatira kwambiri ndi mitundu ya Spanka. Wokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu (zolemera mpaka 5 g), wopanda chidwi posamalira, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano. Simalola mayendedwe, osayenera pantchito zogwirira ntchito (kuyanika, kupanikizana ndi mitundu ina).

Kumera wamaluwa. © Nora Ekdahl

Mzere wapakati wa Russia

M'magawo a dera lapakati, kuphatikiza Chigawo cha Moscow, mitundu Molodezhnaya, Chernokorka, Lyubskaya, Shubinka, Bolotovskaya, Bagryanaya, Volochaevka, Robin, ndi Pole adalandilidwa bwino. Mwa mitundu yomwe safuna kupukutidwa pamtunda, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatirazi pakukula kwa nyumba: Tambovchanka, Shakirovskaya, Lotovaya, Volga dessert, Chokoleti, Okalamba, Turgenevka, Rusinka, Brunetka, Lawi, Morozovka. Olima Amateur omwe amakonda kusokoneza zokolola zozizira ayenera kuyang'anira chidwi ndi mitundu ya Turgenevka, ndi kumpoto kwa Morozovka. Mbewu amapanga mu Julayi. Mitundu yonse iwiri imasiyanitsidwa ndi kutuluka kwambiri, zamphamvu zamkati. Kuzizira kumalepheretsa mayendedwe. Mitundu yonseyi imalekerera chisanu mpaka -35 ° C. Chonde dziwani kuti Morozovka, ngakhale amakaniratu ndi nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavuto obiriwira masika.

Zosiyanasiyana zamatcheri am'mizinda

Olima ena m'maderamo akuyesera kuti azolowere mitundu yakumwera ndi Siberiya nyengo yamderali. Osaganizira kuti mitunduyo idapezeka poganizira nyengo za malo ena, ndipo nthawi zina malowa. Ngati mitundu yapakati pa Russia ndi yoyenera ku Moscow Region, ndiye okhawo omwe amalimbana ndi coccomycosis, matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'derali. Kwa malo ocheperako, mitundu yovomerezeka ndi Lyubskaya, Turgenevka, Daimondi, Misonkhano, Toy, Coral, Griot Moscow, Robin, Rastorguevskaya, Rusinka, Sania, Apukhtinskaya, Vladimirskaya, Zhukovskaya. Pafupifupi onsewa amakana kusintha kwa kutentha.

Mtengo wa Cherry. © sherwin & ruth

Madera a Siberia, kuphatikiza ndi Urals

Popeza nyengo yofunda yochepa, zoyeserera za obereketsa anafuna kubzala mitundu yozizira komanso yozizira. Mitundu ya Maksimovskaya, Mayak, Metelitsa, Zmeinogorskaya, Ob, Novoaltayskaya itha kugawidwa ngati yoyenera kwambiri pazaka 20 zapitazi. Mwa odziyereketsa, mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi Ashinskaya wamba. Samasowanso mungu wokupizira njuchi (njuchi), ndipo ngakhale amasunga zipatso kuti zisazizidwe, amabweretsa mbewu yokhazikika pachaka.

Muli ma cherries aukadaulo aulimi

Zofunika zachilengedwe

Malo omwe amagawidwa kwamatcheri amakhudza zigawo zonse za Russia, kukongoletsa nyumba zanyengo yachilimwe ndikupereka ogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri zofunikira m'thupi komanso mankhwala. Cherry ndi chomera chabwino cha uchi. Imakhala yopanda pake, imatha kukula m'malo mwake, koma imawononga mphamvu zake zambiri pakupulumuka, ndikupanga zokolola zochepa. Kutalika kwa zipatso kumatha kuchepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zonse zopezeka kuti mupereke chikhalidwecho pazofunikira. Cherry amatha kulekerera mosavuta "kupindika", koma imapanga mbewu yokoma kwambiri pakuwala kokwanira. Amafunikira chiwembu chopanda mphepo (makamaka pampanda). Pambuyo pozizira, imazirala. Cherry ndiwololekerera kupereka chinyezi, koma mbande zomezanitsidwa zimagulidwa bwino pamatangadza ku steppe kapena ma cherubi a Mogaleb. Loyamba ndi chinyezi, ndipo chachiwiri chimakhala ndi mizu yolimba yomwe imalowa pansi mozama. Mukamagula mbande zomwe zimakula mizu, konzekerani kuthirira pafupipafupi, makamaka nyengo yadzuwa. Zomwe mizu ya mitundu iyi imakhala yopanda phokoso ndipo nyengo yadzuwa mbewuyo imakhala yaying'ono osati yowutsa mudyo. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo, kumbukirani kuti yamatcheri pansi pamadzi sayenera kuyandikira kuposa 1.5-2.0 mamita kuchokera panthaka.

Zambiri zodzala yamatcheri

Kubzala yamatcheri ndikofunika kuchita mchaka cha m'ma April. M'madera akumwera, ma landings amachitidwanso kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Madera akumpoto, nthawi yakubzala yophukira, chitumbuwa sichitha kuzika mizu ndikuzizira.

Pogula mbande, samalani ndi mitundu ya mitundu. Ndi malo osakwanira m'tawuni, ndibwino kubzala mitundu yocheperako (Turgenevka, Lyubskaya, Zagoryevskaya, Molodezhnaya, Chernookaya, Polevka). Zitha kubzalidwa pambuyo pa 2,5 m, pomwe mitundu yokhala ndi korona wamkulu (Yubileinaya, Shubinka, Vladimirskaya) mtunda uyenera kukhala osachepera 3.5 m. Kubzala mwamphamvu ndikovomerezeka, koma kosafunikira, chifukwa cha matenda ndi tizirombo.
Pezani mitundu yokhawo yokhazikika m'malo opezeka omwe ali ndi mafotokozedwe awa: mitundu, zaka, mtundu wa katundu, kupukutira, ndi zina zambiri.
Yang'anani mosamala mmera. Siyenera kukhala ndi mfundo zomata komanso zodumphira, makungwa popanda kuwonongeka. Katemera wathanzi, wosasokoneza (katemera), mizu yake imapangidwa bwino lomwe ndi mizu yambiri yosangalatsa.
Pofyani mizu ya mmera wogulidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi zinthu zokutetezani kuti ziziteteza. Musanagwetse, ikani madzi amuzu kwa maola 4-8.

Msungwana wakale wa zipatso. © Premier

Ngati pali mitengo ingapo, sankhani malo oti mudzabzala ma mtunda ndi mtunda kutengera mtundu wa mitengoyo pakati pa 2,5 mpaka 6,5 ndi mizere yautali wa mamitala 2.0. Mu nthawi yophukira, ikani zomwe zalembedwa mu dzenjelo, ndipo kasupe mukadzala, konzekerani konzekerani muzu dongosolo la mmera. Nthaka zachonde zopepuka ndizabwino kwambiri kwamatcheri. Pa dothi lolemera, dzenje lobzala limachulukirachulukira, zomata zomasuka (peat, humus, mchenga) ndikuwonjezeranso dothi lokwanira masentimita 700.Dothi losimbidwa limaphatikizidwa ndi feteleza wa humus ndi phosphorous-potaziyamu (motsatana 50 ndi 40 g pansi pa mtengo). Mukabzala mu dzenje pamwamba pa ngalande, thirani dothi 10cm, pangani mulu wake ndikufalitsa mizu pomwepo. Popeza kuti mwatsika pa dzenje pa 2/3, kutsanulira ndowa ya 0,5-1.0, onjezani dothi ndikuwonkhetsa. Onetsetsani kuti malo a katemera ndi khosi la mizu yokhazikitsidwa ndi 2-3 masentimita kuposa mulingo wa dothi ndipo musawaphimbe pazaka zotsatira. Pangani mbali ya mamita 0.5 kuzungulira thunthu ndi kudzaza chidebe china chamadzi. Onetsetsani kuti mulch. Munthawi yachilimwe, mpaka mutu wa munthu wamkulu utakhazikitsidwa, nthawi zonse mulch nthaka.

Chisamaliro

Ngati chitumbuwa chidabzalidwa m'nthaka yothiriridwa, ndiye kuti zaka ziwiri zoyambirira sizifunikira kukhatikiza. Kusamalira nthawi imeneyi kumakhala kuchotsa maudzu, kuthirira ndi mulching nthaka (kumwera). Pansi korona, nthaka yolima dothi pochotsa udzu sayenera kupitirira 8-10 cm, kuti isawononge mizu yapafupi ndi mitengo yaying'ono. Potalikirana mzere, kuya kwa kukonzaku kumakulira masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Kutsirira ngati pakufunika (musadzaze mbande). Wosanjikiza mpaka 45 cm.

Ndikwabwino manyowa yamatcheri kwa zaka 3-4, kapena m'malo mwake, kuyambira chaka cha zipatso. Humus kapena manyowa wakucha umagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi zaka 4-5, kuphatikiza (ngati kuli koyenera) ndikusintha kwa dothi ndi ufa wa dolomite, phulusa lamatabwa, laimu, lomwe limamwazika pansi kuti limetedwe mosazama. Mavalidwe apachaka opangidwa pachaka nthawi zambiri amachitika ndi feteleza wathunthu wa nitroammophos kapena nitrophos. Zitha kusinthidwa kwa zaka ndi feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu, makamaka mu dothi momwe mulibe nayitrogeni. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi 60 g ya feteleza kwathunthu kapena 40 ndi 30 g ya superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate, motero, pansi pa mtengo. Kwa chitumbuwa, kuvala pamwamba nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi 1 mu gawo la maluwa. Pa dothi lodzaza kwambiri, feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu ndi makapu awiri a phulusa amayikidwa muyezo womwewo kwa wachiwiri kuvala bwino (atatha masiku 15-20). Mlingo, mitundu ndi kuchuluka kwa mavalidwe apamwamba amachitika molingana ndi zizindikiro za nthaka ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe. Zomwe zidapatsidwazo ndizoyenera dothi labwino komanso lothandiza ngati wamaluwa oyambira.

Chikhalidwe, makamaka kum'mwera, chimafuna kuthirira. Madera akumpoto ndi madera okhala ndi mvula yokwanira, kuthilira sikumachitika. Mulching kumwera ndikofunikira. Njirayi imabweretsa kuchepa kwamasamba ndikuwonjezera chinyezi pansi pa chisoti cha mtengo. Kumpoto, nthawi zambiri dothi silimakwiriridwa, ndipo namsongole amachotsedwa ndikulima kopanda. Mukamasula, samalani kuti musawononge mizu; imagona m'chigawochi chapamwamba cha 20 cm. M'nyengo yozizira, musalole kuphimba kwambiri ndi chipale chofewa. Sitampu ya chitumbuwa ikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi chisanu osaposa 1 m.

Munthawi yogwira zipatso, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu ndi phulusa pansi pa nthawi yophukira, koma osafunikira ngati nthaka ndi yachonde ndipo itaphatikizidwa ndi chakudya chokwanira chambiri pakubvala kokwanira.

Ntchito yotenga nthawi yambiri yosamalira ma cherries ndikuchotsa udzu.

Mphukira ndi muzu umayenera kuchotsedwa. Kudulira pamtunda wa dothi kumangoyambitsa kukula kwake.

Ma Cherry Akuumba

Monga mbewu zina zam'munda, yamatcheri imadulira mitundu yonse ya kudulira: zaukhondo, kupanga mawonekedwe, kubwezeretsa.

Chaka chilichonse, asanaphuke, kapena kumapeto kwa yophukira, mitengo imadulidwa.Yenderani ndikuchotsa kukula mkati, masamba osweka, odwala. Ngati ndi kotheka, kawirikawiri korona umachitika. Mabala akulu amathandizidwa ndi antiseptics, var var ya m'munda, utoto wamafuta.

Kuti mupeze zipatso zabwino zamatcheri, kuyambira chaka choyamba chodzala, kudulira kumachitika mwadongosolo kuti apange korona woyenera. Kuti muchite izi:

koyambirira kwamasika, mbande ya chaka chimodzi imatsukidwa nthambi zapanthawi yomweyo masentimita 60-80. Kuchokera kutalika kumeneku, nthambi zoyambira zamatumbo zipita. Nthambi za mafupa zimayikidwa pakatikati kapamwamba pambuyo pa 12-15 cm (osasiyana). Nthawi zambiri amapanga nthambi 4-5 zopangidwa bwino. Amapanga gawo loyamba.
Chaka chamawa, 70-80 masentimita kuchokera ku nthambi yomaliza ya chigamba choyamba ndi kudula kondakitala wapakati. Ndi njirayi, sinthani kutalika kwa mtengowo. Ndi bwino ngati chisoti chachifumu sichidutsa 2.0-2.5-3.0 m kutalika. Pa gawo 70-80 masentimita mumayala gawo lachiwiri la nthambi za chigoba. Zaka 4-5 zoyamba zamatcheri zachulukitsa mitengo, chifukwa chake yesani kuonda mitengo yomwe imayamba kukulira nthawi imeneyi. Chotsani mphukira zonse zam'maso zomwe zimamera pakati pa nthambi zazikulu za 910. Sungani bwino mabataniwo, osachulukitsa.

Mukapanga fomu yamtchire, siyani mphukira zazikulu za 10-12. Chotsani mphukira zotsalira, ndikusiya 1-2 kuti musinthe ukalamba.

Zaka 5-8 zotsatira - nthawi yachiwiri ya moyo wachikhalidwe, nthawi ya zipatso zazikulu. Chikhalidwe pachaka chimabala zokolola zazikulu. Kenako pakubwera nyengo yachitatu - kukula kwa chidwi. Mtengo umachepetsa zokolola, nthambi zambiri zopanda zipatso, zouma kapena zamasamba zokha zimatuluka. Munthawi imeneyi, kupatulira-kukalamba kumatha kuchitika podula nthambi zosafunikira. Pambuyo pa zaka 10-15, ndibwino kuti m'malo mwa mtengo wakale mukamadzala chichepere, kapena katemera pa tsinde ndi chigoba.

Chitetezo ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

M'minda ya anthu, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala sayenera kuphatikizidwa. Ndiukadaulo woyenera waulimi, njira zodzitchinjiriza ndizokwanira kupeza mbewu yathanzi popanda kuyambitsa ziphe zomwe zimalowa m'thupi la akuluakulu, ana ndi ziweto, tizilombo opindulitsa.

Njira zodzitetezera zimaphatikizapo:

kukolola masamba omwe adagwa ndi zotsalira za mulch, ngati zidakhazikitsidwa mu gawo lalikulu ndipo alibe nthawi yowola nthawi yophukira. Mulch ndi masamba ndi gawo labwino kwambiri nthawi yachisanu ndikufalitsa matenda a fungal ndi bacteria.
Thunthu la mtengowo ndi nthambi za m'munsi zachiberekero ziyenera kuyeretsedwa mosalekeza (ndipo osati kokha 2 pachaka). Kulandila ndikofunikira kuteteza khungwa latsamba kuti lisawotche, lisungunuke ndi tsinde ndi nthambi, lisatenthe ndi matenda komanso tizirombo tomwe timabisala pansi pa khunguyo mwa akulu kapena kuyikira mazira mpaka masika, ndi microflora pathogenic microflora ndi zidutswa za mycelium.
Pewani mapangidwe a dzenje. Mukadulira, ndikofunikira kuthira macheka ndi ma antiseptics ndikupaka utoto ndi var var, mafuta penti.
Panyengo yachisanu, pezani tsinde la mtengo (makamaka wachichepere) ku makoswe (mavu, mbewa).

Mwa matenda, m'malo ena, yamatcheri amawonongeka chifukwa cha cococycosis kapena mawanga. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza mitengo, moliniosis ndi kleasterosporiosis. Njira zazikulu zothanirana ndi matenda kunyumba ndi prophylactic (yofotokozedwa pamwambapa) ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe sizili zovulaza thanzi la munthu, nyama ndi tizilombo tothandiza (njuchi, bumblebees). Mwa biologics, Baksis, Bactofit, Khetomin, Trichodermin, Phytosporin ndi othandiza. Malingaliro ndi nthawi ya kukonza zikuwonetsedwa pamapaketi kapena pazomangira zomwe zingaberekedwe. Kuchepetsa katundu pamtengowo, kuthandizira kutha kuchitidwa ndi zosakanikira za tank. Chifukwa chake, ntchito yayikulu kwambiri yolimbana ndi matenda imatheka ndi mankhwala osakanikirana a trichodermine omwe ali ndi baxis muyezo wa 1: 1. Mukamapangira zinthu zachilengedwe, zindikirani kuti zimayamba kutentha kutentha + 12 ° C. Kutentha kwakukulu pamankhwalawo ndi + 15 ... + 18 ° C. Tizindikire kuti kuteteza zachilengedwe sizipereka mphamvu kwambiri, chifukwa chake, chithandizo cha mitengo chiyenera kuyamba nyengo ikadzayamba ndi cholinga chowateteza ndikupitilira chilimwe chonse. Mukugwa, mutakolola, mitengo imatha kuthira timadzi ndi 1% Bordeaux madzi, ndipo dothi lisanakumba likugwiritsidwa ndi 2-3% mkuwa wa sulfate.

Tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu pamitengo ya chitumbuwa ndi ntchentche za chitumbuwa, nthomba za tirigu, nthata za kangaude, sawflies, maluwa ophukira, mphukira. Impso za impso, njenjete ndi utoto wamafuta ndizowopsa kwambiri. Akuluakulu ndi mphutsi zowononga masamba, masamba ndi zipatso zazing'ono za mitengo ya chitumbuwa, zitha kuwononga mbewu yonse.

M'dzinja itatha yoyamba chisanu, chitumbuwa ndi dothi pansi pa chisoti chitha kuwazidwa ndi yankho la urea la 5%, lomwe silongokhala feteleza komanso njira yabwino yophera matenda a fungus ndi mitundu yonse ya tizirombo. Mukapopera chisoti korona, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa urea kuyenera kukhala kochepa kwambiri (chifunga). Mu nthawi yachilimwe-nthawi yachilimwe, kuyambira ndi maluwa, mitengo imapopedwa pambuyo pa masiku 25-30 ndi zinthu zachilengedwe Fitoverm, Akarin, Zdorovy ndi ena. Kumwaza kumachitika bwino mu kusakanikirana kwa tanki ndi zinthu zachilengedwe kuchokera ku matenda, mutayang'ana kuti mugwirizane.