Imodzi mwama maluwa okongola kwambiri - colegin, imagona ndi kukongola koyamba kuwona. Maluwa ochulukirapo, otikumbutsa ulusi wamatsenga kuchokera kutali, zodabwitsa zapafupi ndi tsatanetsatane wazithunzi zokongola komanso mawonekedwe oyera oyera oyera. Masamba a coelogins ndi ambiri komanso achilendo. Maluwa amawoneka ofatsa komanso okhudza mtima, okongola komanso apadera. Amasowa nyengo zina, koma kusamalira coelogin sikovuta konse monga mitundu yamitundu yambiri. Chachikulu ndichoti apeze malo abwino a nthano zomwe zikuwuluka, momwe amatha kuwululira kukongola kwake komanso mawonekedwe ake.
Duwa la ma colefins.
Kodi coelogin amawoneka bwanji?
Ngakhale maluwa ake ali ndi maluwa ambiri, ma coelogin sangapikisane pa kutchuka osati kokha ndi phalaenopsis ndi dendrobiums, komanso wands kapena ng'ombe.
Izi sizofala kwambiri, koma chomera chapadera cha banja la Orchid, chomwe chimasiyana mosiyana ndi omwe amapikisana nawo mkati mwake chifukwa chodzikongoletsa komanso nthawi yayitali maluwa. Koma "khadi yayikulu" ya colegin yayikulu ndi kuchuluka kwa maluwa. Kukula kumeneku komanso kudabwitsa mosangalatsa ndi mitambo yotumphuka, duwa ili limatcha kuti ndi imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri.
Mwa alimi a maluwa, ma coelogins amadziwikanso "ma orchids", "oyera oyera", "mtambo wa chipale chofewa", ndi hololek. Maluwa amenewa ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi maziko a phalaenopsis komanso maluwa ena amkati komanso oboola miyendo, komanso maluwa ambiri oyera.
MaCoelogins ndi maluwa okongoletsa omwe ali ndi mizu yayifupi, omwe ma pseudobulbs ake amawonekera modabwitsa ndipo amakulunga pang'ono (pafupifupi mpaka 5 cm). Amangotulutsa masamba owerengeka.
Ma Coelogins sangapikisane ndi ma orchid otchuka kwambiri potengera momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso kukula kwawo, koma chifukwa chakuti mbewuzo sizimakula nthawi imodzi ndikupanga magulu, ma cocelins omwe amapanga ma coelogins amawoneka bwino, ndipo mbewuyo imawoneka yosangalatsa. Chingwe, chokhala ndi khola lotchuka, chamtengo wapatali, masamba obiriwira obiriwira obiriwira amawoneka okongola ngakhale mbewu sizimaphuka. Kutalika, masamba osapitilira 30 cm.
Maluwa a colegin - amodzi okongola kwambiri pakati pa maluwa okongola a m'nyumba. Ma Peduncle amakula kuchokera pamunsi pseudobulbs, amphamvu komanso olimba, ovala korona ndi burashi wa inflorescence, wopangidwa ndi ma pedicel a 5-7 ndi masamba. Ataphukira, maluwa amakula mpaka 9 masentimita, makulidwe awo osowa amakulolani kuzindikira kukongola kwa maluwa aliwonse, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, mbewuyo imakutidwa ndi mitambo yayikulu yosapitilira maluwa.
Pseudobulb iliyonse imangotulutsa peduncle imodzi, koma banja lonse la coelogin nthawi yomweyo limatulutsa zodabwitsa kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa maluwa amodzi munthawi yomweyo kumayeza. Maburashi amtali, osafunikira kwambiri amakhala okongola kwambiri.
Mapangidwe ake a maluwa ndi abwino kwambiri. Mlomo wapansi wokhala ndi miyendo itatu, miyala ikuluikulu, ulesi woyambira ndi zotuluka zofanana ndi "maburashi" ang'onoang'ono - chilichonse chomwe chili mu orchidchi chimapangitsa kuti tizimva kukoma mtima.
Orchid coelogin.
Mitundu ya coelogin ndiyotopetsa, motero, kunena za mtundu wopanda lingaliro wa chipale chofiyira cha ma coelogin ambiri. Choyera ngati chipale, chonyezimira, ngati kuti chikuwala, chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake, mtunduwo umangotsimikizika ndi kutuluka kwa chikasu cha lalanje ndi "mawonekedwe" akuda pamilomo. Mitundu ya Kirimu ndi yachikasu yobiriwira siyachilendo. Ma Coelogins amasangalalanso ndi fungo lawo labwino.
Nthawi ya maluwa colegin imakongoletsa theka loyamba la chaka cha kalendala. Mwachikhalidwe, orchid uyu amatulutsa pakatikati pa dzinja ndipo amapereka kusangalatsa kukongola kwa inflorescences yoyera mpaka nthawi yomwe nyenyezi zoyambira masika zisanatenge.
Kutulutsa kwamaluwa kuyambira Januware mpaka Epulo kumakhala kofala, koma nthawi zambiri maluwawo amasangalala nthawi zosiyana, nthawi zina kuyambira pa Marichi kapena Epulo mpaka pakati pa chilimwe. Zonse zimatengera momwe mbewuyo imakhalira komanso momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito: momwe mayendedwe adapangidwira mkati mwa maluwa, komanso momwe kutentha ndi kuwunikira m'nyumba inayake kumasinthira.
Mitundu ya Coelogin
M'banja la Tselogin, mitundu yoposa zana ya ma orchid, omwe onse ndi odzikweza kwambiri, amakonda chinyezi chambiri, komanso kukongola kwamaluwa. Maluwa, omwe amagawidwa kwambiri kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi India, akuimiriridwa ndi mitundu yochepa chabe mu chikhalidwe cham'chipinda.
Ma coelogin odziwika kwambiri, omwe amakula ngati mbewu zakanyumba komanso wowonjezera kutentha, amaganiziridwa coelogine Crest kapena chisa (Coelogyne cristata).
Ichi ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, koma otchedwa orchid omwe amalima tchire lake mwachangu. Kutalika kwa ma colegin opatsa mphamvu kumakhala kotalika masentimita 15 mpaka 30. Ma pseudobulbs ndi ovoid, nthawi zina tetrahedral, rhizome ndi yochepa. Zoyambira kuchokera pansi pa pseudobulb zimakula msanga. Maluwa a mitundu yabwino kwambiri amapitilira masentimita 13, mawanga achikasu mogwirizana ndi tint wachikasu chamawonekedwe amtundu wa pedicels ndi ma peduncles. Mu burashi imodzi yofinya, maluwa mpaka 9 amatengedwa. Combo limamasula kuyambira Januware mpaka Marichi.
Coelogina Moore (Coelogyne mooreana, m'mabuku omwe amatchedwa coelogine mureana) - mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndi maluwa okongola a sentimita khumi. Kutalika mpaka 40 masentimita, kukongola kwachisangalalo kumeneku kumapangika kukhala ovoid, kumakula m'magulu onenepa, ma pseudobulbs ndikupanga masamba okongola a glossy oval-lanceolate.
Peduncles coelogins mpaka theka la mita wamtali amakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu 8, omwe nthawi zambiri amatulutsa nthawi imodzi. Maluwa oyera ngati chipale chofiyira ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe agolide otuluka pamilomo modabwitsa ndi m'mbali mwa malembawo, ofanana ndi daffodils. Maluwa a maluwa amenewa amatha kupitilira mwezi umodzi, maulendo opendekera atsopano amawoneka mosasunthika komanso nthawi yomweyo, omwe amakupatsani maluwa ochulukirapo kwa nthawi yayitali.
Crested kapena comed (Coelogyne cristata).
Coelogyne Moore (Coelogyne mooreana).
Coelogyne Tomentosa (Coelogyne tomentosa).
Coelogin Tomen (Coelogyne tomentosa, yemwe kale ankadziwika kuti Massanga coelogin - Coelogyne misaangeana) - mawonekedwe osadziwika kwambiri komanso osasangalatsa komanso maluwa ocheperako pang'ono komanso ochulukirapo, koma ma pseudobulbs akuluakulu. Ili ndi kutalika kufika mpaka 12 cm komanso mainchesi mpaka 5 cm, orchid uyu amatha kupanga masamba akulu kwambiri, mpaka 1 cm mulifupi ndi theka la mita kutalika.
Mosiyana ndi coelogin crests, masamba amakhala pa petioles, ndipo rhizome ndi yayitali. Mphukira za theka lamtambo zovekedwa korona ndi bulashi yofupikika yokhala ndi malata apakatikati koma maluwa okongola otsekemera okhala ndi miyala ya lanceolate ndi masamba osangalatsa a bulauni pamlomo.
Tselogina ndi wokongola (Coelogyne speciosa- - maluwa okongola kwambiri, omwe samapezeka pafupipafupi. Ang'ono, masentimita pang'ono okha pseudobulbs amatulutsa tsamba limodzi lokha, ndipo ma peduncles afupiafupi - mpaka 3 maluwa obiriwira okhala ndi beige, ophimbidwa ndimawu ndi mitsempha yosangalatsa.
Fringed coelogin (Coelogyne fimbriata) - mawonekedwe ochepa koma okongola. Ma pseudobulbs sapitilira 3 cm mulitali, masamba amakhala apakatikati komanso olondola. Pazovala zilizonse, pamakhala maluwa atatu mpaka atatu okha. Mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira komanso mawonekedwe okongola a chitumbuwa chodzikongoletsera amakhala ndi chomera chofewa. Zogulitsa ndizosowa kwambiri.
Orchid coelogin.
Mikhalidwe yakukula mkati mwa colegin
Tselogin amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazomera kwambiri zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe. Kutentha kwapachipinda ndi kuwala kozungulira kumamuyenerera. Mitundu yonse, kupatula colegin yokhoma, nthawi yopumulirayi sikufotokozedwanso. Inde, ndipo ma crests afupikitsa nyengo yokhala matalala, pamafunika milungu ingapo chabe yauma kwathunthu maluwa atamasulidwa.
Mutha kusiyanitsa nyengo yazomera ndi nthawi yokhala chete poyenda makwinya, kusiya kukula kwa mizu. Zowoneka bwino kwa iwo zitha kubwerezedwanso m'zipinda, chomera, kupatula nthawi yochepa kwambiri, chili mu mawonekedwe opitilira kukula ndi chitukuko.
Coelogins amamva bwino muwonetsero wa maluwa ndi malo obiriwira. Mnyumba, asankhe zipinda zocheperako - mwachitsanzo, khitchini yaying'ono kapena bafa yowala kwambiri yokhala ndi zenera lalikulu.
Koma kulikonse komwe mungagwiritse ntchito coelogin mkati, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti ichi ndi chomera, chokongola, chopatsanso mwayi pamlengalenga chomwe chimabweretsa mawonekedwe a zikondwerero panthawi ya maluwa ndipo chikuwoneka ngati chounikira chilichonse chozungulira.
Kuwala
Monga ma orchid onse, ma coleogin sakonda kuwalitsa kwambiri dzuwa ndipo amasankha kuyatsa magetsi. Maluwa amenewa amafunikira kuwala kowala komanso kolimba, amayankha bwino kuwunikira pang'ono ndi phytolamp.
Njira zowunikira bwino kwambiri ndizoyambira 4 mpaka 6,000 lux. Tselogina amakonda nthawi yayitali masana. Zabwino, kutalika kwake kuyenera kukhala kuyambira maola 12 mpaka 14, ndipo mzipinda wamba popanda kuyatsa njira iyi sizotheka konse kupanga. Panthawi yopuma, ma coelogins amayenera kupatsidwa kuwunikira.
Kusankha malo a coelogin, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kusimba kwa mbewu. Celogin imatha kuyikidwa kokha momwe palibe chiopsezo chowonongeka mwangozi. Kukongola kwa ma airy kumakonda kukula kutalika, mashelufu, poyimilira kapena poyimitsa, pomwe kuyikidwa pamwamba pa mzere wowoneka nthawi zonse kumawonjezera mawonekedwe ndi kufanana ndi mtambo womwe ukutulutsa. Ma Coelogins amamva bwino kwambiri pazenera lakumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kapena m'malo okhala ndi zowala zapakhomo, zofanana ndi iwo pakuwala kwambiri.
Kutentha ndi mpweya wabwino
Chofunikira kwambiri pakukula ma coelogin ndikupanga kusiyana usiku kutentha ndi usana komwe kumakhala bwino chomera. Orchid uyu amathanso kuzolowera kukhazikika, koma amakonda kutentha kosiyanasiyana. Tsiku lotentha kapena lotentha komanso usiku wozizira - ichi ndiye chitsimikizo chachikulu cha maluwa okongola kwambiri.
Ngati kuli kotheka kuwongolera kutentha ndi kukula m'malo obiriwira kapena maluwa owonetsera, ndibwino kuchepetsa kutentha mpaka + 20 ° С ... + 24 ° С masana ndikuwonetsetsa kuti izi zikugwera usiku.
Kukazizira nyengo ya colefin yokha kumayenera kukhala kozizira. Kufunika kosamalira kutentha kuchokera pa + 10 ° С mpaka + 15 ° С ndikulipidwa mwanjira ina chifukwa kwa coelogin palibe chifukwa chokhalira motere kwa nthawi yayitali: nthawi yopumula ya mbewuyi imayenera kupitilira masabata osachepera 3-4.
Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kofunikira kumaperekedwa ndikuwayika pafupi ndi zenera kapena kuwasamutsa ku vestibules yozizira, maholo, makonde ofunda kapena loggias.
Chisa cha Celogine ndiye chomera kwambiri pa mitundu yonse yazomera. Imalekerera kuchepa kwa kutentha mpaka + 5 ° C. Pogula mitundu ina, ndibwino kufotokozera bwino magawo omwe nyengo yake yozizira imazolowera mbewu, koma nthawi zambiri palibe chifukwa chotsitsira kutentha kwa mbewu.
Coelogin amatha nthawi yonse yotentha kunja. Maluwa amenewa amafunika kutetezedwa kuchokera ku dzuwa komanso kukonzekera mwachindunji. Kutsika kwakatentha, kusinthasintha kosasintha kwa zinthu za coelogin sikungayime ngakhale chilimwe.
Coelogyne Moore (Coelogyne mooreana).
Kusamalira Panyumba
Chovuta kwambiri kukula ma coelogins, kumene, ndikuwonetsetsa chinyezi chambiri chambiri. Njira zoyesera kuwonetsa zanyontho zam'mlengalenga ndizovuta kwambiri m'chilimwe ndi nthawi yozizira, koma kuthirira, kuvala pamwamba, komanso chisamaliro chonse cha orchid izi sizovuta.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma coelogins amakhululuka mosavuta zolakwa zazing'ono, zimabwezeretsedwa bwino, iwonso zimawonetsa mavuto. Kuunika mosamalitsa ndikuwunika momwe mbewuyo iliri (makamaka mizu) imapangitsa kuti izindikire panthawi yake zovuta zazing'ono ndikusintha chisamaliro.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Mosiyana ndi ma orchid ambiri, coelogin munthawi yogwira ntchito salola kufota kwathunthu ngati dothi (makamaka - chilala chachitali). Chomera sichitha kuzilimbitsa kwambiri mu chirimwe, kuyika kuthilira ndi kupepuka mababu achinyamata. Ichi ndi orchid wokonda chinyezi, amene amathiriridwa kuti azikhala chinyezi nthawi zonse.
Kuchuluka kwambiri kumachitika munthawi ya kukula kwa mizu ndi kusasinthika kwa pseudobulbs yatsopano. Mu yophukira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa chifukwa chokhala ndi maluwa. Panthawi yokhalitsa, maluwa atamaliza, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, kumachitika pokhapokha gawo lonse litakhala louma, ndipo likasungidwa bwino, mutha kudziletsa kuti muchepetse dothi pang'ono.
Mutha kuthirira coelogin pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, koma kumizidwa koyambirira kumakhala koyenera. Zambiri zokhala ndi chomera zimadzaza ndi madzi, ndikulola chinyezi chambiri kukhetsa. Pa orchid iyi, ndikofunikira kuthirira ndi zofewa, osati zokhazikika, koma zosefera kapena madzi owiritsa, komanso kupewa kutulutsa mchere. Kutentha kwamadzi kuyeneranso kulamulidwa: kuyenera kutenthedwa pang'ono kuposa kutentha kwa mpweya kuti tipewe ngozi yozula mizu.
Ma coelogins sakhala a orchid omwe amamva bwino mu mpweya wouma. Chinyezi chambiri chamtengowu chimachokera pa 60-70%. M'chilimwe, pakapangidwe ka maluwa kumapeto, kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera chinyezi mpaka 85%.
Tselogina amakonda kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, ndipo pachomera ichi ndikotheka kuwonjezera chinyezi cha mpweya pokhapokha mwanjira iyi, koma ndibwino kuphatikiza kuyika kwa humidifiers kapena thirauza ndi moss yonyowa ndikumapopera kwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Ikasungidwa pamalo owonetsera, wowonjezera kutentha kapena chipinda chokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, njira zowonjezereka sizingatengedwe. Koma kwa ma coelogins, ndibwino nthawi zonse kugwiritsa ntchito kupopera owonjezera kuposa kulola orchid ili kukhalabe louma.
Feteleza ndi kuphatikizira feteleza
Panthawi yogwira, celogin amadyetsedwa pafupipafupi kamodzi pa sabata kapena nthawi iliyonse yachiwiri kutsirira. Ndikwabwino kuyang'ana pazowunikira zomwe amapanga feteleza ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe akuwonetsa.
Ma Coelogins amakonda kwambiri mapangidwe apamwamba apamwamba, omwe amatha kusinthidwa ndi wamba. Mavalidwe apamwamba apamwamba samachitika pokhapokha pakugwa, pomwe maluwa amangochepetsedwa.
Kwa ma coelogins, amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza apadera wa ma orchid, kukonzekera konsekonse kwa mbewuyi sikugwira ntchito. Kwa ma coelogins, feteleza wokhala ndi phosphorous yambiri komanso kachigawo kakang'ono ka nayitrogeni amasankhidwa.
Thirani coelogins, muli ndi gawo lapansi
Kukula mwachangu, kukula mosalekeza komanso kukula kwa "banja" la ma coelogins, kuchuluka kwa mbewu za ana aakazi kumafuna kupatsirana pafupipafupi. Ziyenera kuchitika pokhapokha pakufunika - pomwe malo onse m'miphika adzaza kwathunthu, koma njirayi siyenera kuchedwa. Panthawi yoyika mbewu, ndikofunikira kuti musagawanikize mabanja, makamaka ngati mulingo wokulirapo mulibe.
Zovala zina.
Kwa ma coelogins, gawo loyenera kulimidwa kwa orchid ndilabwino - dothi labwino kwambiri, labwino kwambiri ngati khungwa, ulusi wa fern, sphagnum komanso kuphatikiza malasha. Ma Coelogins amakonda mulching, kuphimba gawo lapansi ndi sphagnum kapena mosses okongoletsera kuti mukhale chinyezi chokhazikika.
Ma Fringed ndi ma coelogin okongola nthawi zina amagulitsidwa ngati ma epiphytes okhazikika pazodzikongoletsera ndi zitsekere za cork, koma mtundu uliwonse umamverera bwino mumabasiketi otsika koma otambalala ndi zida zamtundu winawake wokhala ndi zotulutsa za orchids zomwe zimatsegulidwa kwaulere.
Ndikofunika kuthira colegin mosamala momwe mungathere, kuyesera kuti musawononge mizu. Maluwa amatenga mizu kwambiri, motero, kudzipatula kumafunikanso kusamala.
Zomera zimasunthidwa mosamala; dothi lakale limachotsedwa pokhapokha ngati muli ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Pansi pa chidebe, ndikofunikira kuyika ngalande ndi miyala ikuluikulu yomwe imakulitsa kukhazikika kwa orchid.Ndikulimbitsa mwamphamvu ndi mizu ya mphamvu yakale, ndibwino kubzala orchid yonse m'njira yatsopano pamodzi ndi basiketi yakale.
Matenda, tizirombo ndi mavuto akukula
Coelogins amasangalala kwambiri ndi mphamvu. Ma orchid omwe ali ndi kuphwanya chisamaliro ndipo amatha kupweteka chifukwa cha zopweteka kapena ma kangaude, koma tizirombo timapweteketsa mtima nthawi zambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizirombo ndi fungicides chomera ndizopweteka kwambiri, ndibwino kulimbana ndi tizirombo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zochotseredwa ndi kukonza chisamaliro (kufikira izi zitheka).
Mukukula kwa coelogins, mavuto omwe amabwera ndi kuthirira kosayenera nthawi zambiri kumachitika. Kutsirira pafupipafupi komanso kuchulukana kambiri kapena kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lochepera kumabweretsa kufalikira. Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofewa komanso kukongoletsa dothi kumaonekera muimfa, kuyanika kumapeto kwa masamba.
Kufalikira kwa ma coelogins
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazosavuta kwambiri kutulutsa ma orchid. Chifukwa cha kupangika kwokhazikika kwa mbewu za mwana wamkazi, coelogin imalola kupatukana pafupifupi nthawi iliyonse ndikusintha. Koma njirayi imaphatikizidwanso ndi chiopsezo chachikulu, chifukwa duwa ili limazindikira kwambiri kuvulala kwa mizu.
Kulekanitsa chomera chilichonse mu chidebe china sikuyenera: zimagawanitsa coelogin kuti "magulu" akulu, olimba akhalebe, opangidwa ndi 4-5 pseudobulbs, omwe angakondweretsere maluwa obiriwira mchaka choyamba.
Kulekanitsa kumachitika kokha mchaka, mosamala, osati pamanja, koma ndikudula ma pseudobulbs okhala ndi mbali yayikulu ndikugawa chitsamba mu magawo awiri kapena atatu mosamala momwe mungathere, kukhala osamala kuti musachotse dothi lonse mu ma rhizomes. Kuvulala kwamizu iliyonse kumachizidwa mwachangu ndi makala amoto.
Njira yofalitsira mbewu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamafuta okha komanso ndi zida zamaluso.
