Pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu ndi mitundu ya begonias. Ena amatulutsa maluwa okongola, pomwe ena amakopeka ndi masamba awo. Munthu anganene mosabisa kuti begonias ndi mbewu nthawi zonse. Mitundu ndi mitundu ina imasinthidwa bwino kuti pakhale pabwino. Pali begonias omwe mwamwambo amakulira m'zipinda. Ndipo mbewu zambiri ndizachilengedwe: ndizoyenera zonse mmundawu ndi nyumba. Momwe mungakulire begonia mchipinda, werengani nkhaniyi.
Begonia
Kufotokozera kwamabampu a mbewu ndi mitundu yake
Pakati pa begonias, udzu wapachaka ndi wamuyaya, zitsamba (nthawi zina zimakwera) kapena zitsamba zokhala ndi ma peizomes oyenda kapena obiriwira, nthawi zina okhala ndi tuber, amapezeka. Masamba nthawi zambiri amakhala owoneka bwino, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala owoneka bwino (makamaka pamtundu wobzalidwa). Maluwa sakhala osakhazikika, osakhazikika, okongola. Perianths zopanda pake, zowala bwino; chipatsocho ndi bokosi.
Genus begonia (Begonia) - wamkulu kwambiri komanso wotchuka kwambiri m'banja la Begonia, woposa mitundu 1000. Begonias ndi yofalikira m'nkhalango zamvula zam'malo otentha, komanso m'mapiri omwe ali pamtunda wa 3000-4000 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja, nthawi zambiri m'malo okhala malo okhala otentha komanso otentha.
Mitundu yambiri ya begonias ili ku South America, pomwe kumpoto kumafika ku Mexico. Ku Asia, begonias amakula kum'mawa kwa Himalaya, m'mapiri a India, South India, malo azilumba za Malay ndi chilumba cha Sri Lanka. Ku Africa, begonias amayambira gawo lakumadzulo kwambiri.
Zambiri kuchokera ku kafukufuku zawonetsa kuti pali maubwenzi apabanja pakati pa mitundu yomwe imapezeka ku Africa ndi America. Palinso lingaliro kuti anali Africa komwe kunali kontinenti kuchokera komwe makolo akale anali kufalikira ku Asia ndi America. Pakuchulukana kwa mitundu ya begonias, Africa ikula lachitatu padziko lapansi.
Kukula kwa Begonia Zofunikira
Dothi: 2-3 magawo a malo a pepala, gawo limodzi la mchenga, peat ndi humus.
Kuwala: Kuwala koma osati dzuwa.
Kuthirira: Kuchulukitsa chilimwe, kutentha pang'ono nthawi yachisanu kapena maluwa.
Mavalidwe apamwamba: kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira mu masabata 1-2 okhala ndi feteleza wamafuta.
Kudulira: mapesi amadulidwa mutamasulidwa maluwa.
Thirani: kasupe.
Kuswana: masamba odulidwa masamba mizu kapena tubers.
Care ya Begonia
Begonias ndi wodzimana, wopanda matenda, koma wopanga bwino ndi maonekedwe okongola, amafunikira chisamaliro choyenera. Choyamba, izi zimagwira ntchito chinyezi cha mpweya. Onse begonias amafuna chinyezi chambiri. Kuonetsetsa chinyezi chomwe mukufuna, potoyo amalimbikitsidwa kuti ayikidwe mu peat yonyowa kapena pa thireyi ndi madzi, koma kuti mphikawo usakhale m'madzi. Kuti tichite izi, timiyala timathiridwa pamiyeso kapena mphika timayikika mumsavi wosalowa.
Ndikofunika kupopera mpweya kuzungulira begonia, koma onetsetsani kuti madontho sawagwera pamaluwa ndi masamba. Kusintha ndikoyenera kuchita kwa maluwa monga begonia. Kusamalira izi kumatanthauza kutentha pang'ono - makamaka m'chilimwe pafupifupi +20 madigiri, m'nyengo yozizira osachepera +15; nyali zowala, koma osati zowonekera.
M'nyengo yozizira, begonias m'mawa ndi madzulo amatha kuyikidwa pamalo omwe amayatsidwa ndi dzuwa kwa maola angapo. Chosiyana ndi chiwongola dzanja chokhazikika. Imalekerera zonse mthunzi ndi kuwala kowala. Kutsirira kuyeneranso kukhala koyenera. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa, koma osati yonyowa. Kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, munthawi ya kukula ndi maluwa, ndikofunikira kuthirira ngati matope akumauma, ndipo nthawi yozizira, kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.
Begonias ali mumtsuko.
Nthawi yakula, ndikofunikira kudyetsa mbewuyo ndi feteleza wazitsulo kawiri konse. Kuti muwonjezere nthawi yamaluwa ya begonias (makamaka yamatumba), ndikofunikira kuchotsa maluwa achikazi kumayambiriro kwa kukula kwawo. (Maluwa achikazi samakhala pawiri ndi bokosi la mbewu 3 pamiyala). Kusintha mapangidwe a tuber begonias, masamba atsopano ayenera kudulidwa mu September kuti mbewuyo isawononge mphamvu pakuyenda maluwa.
Kufalitsa kwa Begonia
Onse begonias kubereka bwino ndi tsinde kapena masamba odulidwa, pogawa chitsamba. Tuberous begonias wobalidwa ndi tubers kapena mbewu. Kufalikira kwa begonia ndi ma tubers kumachitika motere: pakugwa, ma tubers amachotsedwa pansi, mapesi amatemedwa, kutsukidwa pansi ndikusungidwa mumchenga kapena peat kuti ma tubers asaume pa kutentha kwa + 8-10 ° C.
Mizu ya Begonia imabzalidwa mumiphika kuyambira February mpaka Meyi, kutengera nthawi yomwe akufuna kupeza chomera. Kuti zimere, zimabzalidwa mumiphika yaying'ono ndi dothi lamchenga, momwe ma tubers amangoyenda pang'ono. Begonia iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi moyenera. Kumera kumayenda pang'onopang'ono (mpaka milungu ingapo). Choyamba, mizu imawoneka ndipo pambuyo pake imaphukira. Mphukira zikangowonekera, timatumba tiyenera kumakonkhedwa ndi lapansi ndikuyikonzanso pamiyala, yotentha sill.
Kufalikira kwa mbewu ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri. Tsiku lobzala labwino kwambiri ndi kuyambira pa Disembala mpaka March. Zofesedwa m'mbale ndi dothi lamtundu, osakanikirana ndi nthaka ndi peat ndi mchenga, kapena mwachindunji mu peat. Mbewu za Begonia ndizochepa kwambiri, motero sizifunikira kuyikidwa m'manda, koma zimapanikizidwa pang'ono. Mphukira zimawonekera masabata awiri. Amayenera kulowa pansi katatu.
Kukula begonias wobzalidwa ndi mtanda wa dziko lapansi m'miphika yaying'ono. Mu Julayi-August, mbewu zotere zimachita maluwa, ndipo pofika nthawi yachisanu zimakhala ndi nthawi yopanga ma tubers. Leaf begonias amafalitsa mosavuta ndi kudula masamba kapena kugawa chitsamba pozika.
Zodulidwa masamba, tengani tsamba m'munsi mwa chomera. Kutalika kwa zodula za begonia ndikofunikira osachepera 5 cm. Mizu imayenda bwino ngati mugwiritsa ntchito ma phytohormones. Shank imayikidwa kuti tsamba lisakhudze nthaka.
Nthaka imanyowetsedwa ndikuphwanyidwa pozungulira zodulidwazo. Zodulidwa za tsinde la begonia muzu womwewo monga tsamba, koma tsinde la tsinde liyenera kukhala losachepera 7 cm. Zidula zibzalidwe posachedwapa m'nthaka, osalola kuti ziume. Nthawi yabwino yolumikizira ndi masika, kuyamba kwa chilimwe.
Matenda a Begonia ndi tizirombo
Ndi chidziwitso cholakwika, begonia ikhoza kutaya masamba ndi masamba. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi, nthawi zambiri, ndikuchepa kwa chinyezi m'nthaka komanso chinyezi kuzungulira chomera. Zikatero, malekezero a masamba amayambira kukhala a bulauni ndipo, ngati kuthirira sikusintha, yambani kugwa.
Mtundu wa tsamba lotuwa umaonetsa kuwala kosakwanira. Ndi chinyezi chambiri, makamaka kutentha kwambiri, begonia imatha kukhudzidwa ndi kuwola kwa imvi. Poterepa, nkhungu yakuwala imawonekera pamasamba, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bowa. Zina zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndizomera ziyenera kuchotsedwa, ndikutsala ndi chithandizo chotsalira. Powdery mildew ilinso yamatenda oyamba ndi fungus. Ndi matendawa, masamba amafundidwa ndi utoto woyera.
Kufalikira kwa ufa wa powdery pa begonias kumathandizidwa ndi mpweya wouma, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha ndi kusanja. Chomera chomwe chakhudzidwa chimapukutidwa ndi sulufule wapansi kapena chothira mafuta ndi sulfure ya colloidal yowumitsidwa m'madzi. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi 1% ndende. Ndikofunikira kukonza chomera panja. Kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kutsika kuposa +25 degrees. Mutha kuchiza mbewuyi ndi fungicide.
Tizilombo tambiri tomwe timakhazikika pa begonias ndi nthata za akangaude (kangaude wofiyira) ndi nsabwe za m'mimba (tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kwambiri). Zonsezi nkhata ndi nsabwe zimakhala kumbuyo kwa tsamba ndikudya zipatso zake. Ming'aluyo imawonongeka ndikumwaza ndi kutsuka masamba osapsa ndi njira yofewa yofikira fodya kapena yankho la Dalmatia chamomile.
Mutha kuchiza mbewuyi pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi pyrethrum kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Tsikizo limafalikira mwachangu mu mpweya wouma pamtunda wotentha. Ma nsabwe za m'masamba nawonso amawonongeka pokonzekera ndi feverfew. Mankhwalawa amayenera kubwerezedwanso mpaka tizirombo tiwonongeka.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti begonia ndi imodzi mwazomera zochepa zomwe zingatisangalatse ndi maluwa ake ngakhale nthawi yozizira.
